等离子喷涂制备热障涂层的研究进展

等离子喷涂是制备热障涂层最常用的技术。综述了大气等离子喷涂、超音速等离子喷涂、低压等离子喷涂制备热障涂层的研究进展,分析了这3种制备技术的优缺点,并对等离子喷涂制备热障涂层的发展趋势进行了展望。     

热喷涂及电子束物理气相沉积技术在热障涂层制备中的应用

对常用热障涂层制备技术,包括火焰喷涂、爆炸喷涂、大气等离子喷涂、高能等离子喷涂、超音速等离子喷涂、低压等离子喷涂、溶液注入等离子喷涂及电子束物理气相沉积技术进行了综述.介绍了上述几种制备技术的原理、工艺特点、存在不足及解决措施.认为发展爆炸喷涂工艺、溶液注入等离子喷涂工艺与EB-PVD工艺及其在新型热障涂层制备中的应用将是热障涂层制备技术研究的重点.     

纳米ZrO2等离子涂层的结构,性能和工艺特点

采用大气等离子喷涂技术(APS)，制备了常规氧化锆和纳米结构氧化锆两种涂层．利用扫描电镜(SEM)对涂层的显微结构进行了观察．对两种涂层的沉积效率、表面粗糙度和显微硬度作了对比研究．结果表明，粉末原料的显微结构、粒度、形态、喷涂工艺参数(喷涂功率和距离)对涂层的显微结构有较大的影响．等离子喷涂造粒纳米氧化锆粉制备的涂层沉积效率高而稳定，其显微结构与喷涂功率和距离密切相关．与常规氧化锆涂层相比，纳米结构氧化锆涂层具有较高的显微硬度和较低的表面粗糙度．     

低压等离子喷涂316L等轴晶涂层及其性能研究

为研究低压等离子喷涂等轴晶涂层组织性能和形成机理,采用大气等离子喷涂（APS）和低压等离子喷涂（LPPS）,分别制备了316L不锈钢涂层.利用金相显微镜,X射线衍射和显微硬度等方法,分析了2种涂层的金相组织、相结构、显微硬度和耐蚀性.结果表明：一定条件下制备的低压等离子喷涂SUS316L不锈钢涂层明显不同于传统大气等离...     

低压等离子喷涂技术及研究现状

低压等离子喷涂作为一种热喷涂技术,相比于传统的大气等离子喷涂技术以及气相物理沉积,可制备更加纯净、更为致密、结合强度更高的涂层。主要介绍了低压等离子喷涂的原理、分类及特征,回顾了低压等离子喷涂的产生及发展历程,并与等离子喷涂、超低压等离子喷涂和等离子喷射沉积相比较,分析了其在涂层制备上的独特优势。进一步叙述了低压等离子喷涂技术在制备热障涂层、燃料电池、太阳能、半导体等领域的国内外研究及应用情况,并对其发展进行了展望,指出低压等离子喷涂技术未来的重点发展方向在于对等离子喷涂焰流与材料基板作用机理进行深入研究,以及与其他前沿技术进行复合。     

等离子喷涂MCrAlY涂层的高温氧化性能

采用大气等离子喷涂(APS)设备制备了两种含有不同氧化物(Cr_2O_3和Al_2O_3)陶瓷成分的MCrAlY (MCrAlY-CrO和MCrAlY-AlO)涂层,并使用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪及显微硬度计等仪器设备,分析了涂层的微观形貌、物相组成及硬度,并对两种涂层进行了高温氧化试验。结果表明:大气等离子喷涂得到的两种MCrAlY涂层中含有Cr_2O_3,Ni_3Al,Al_2O_3和部分非晶相,其结构为平行于涂层与基体结合面的层状结构,涂层中含有半熔化颗粒、微裂纹及灰黑色氧化物;在高温氧化试验中,MCrAlY-CrO涂层与MCrAlY-AlO涂层均表现出较好的耐高温氧化性能,这是因为在高温状态下涂层表面分别生成了铬和铝的氧化产物,对涂层起到了保护作用。     

低压等离子喷涂氧化铝涂层的特性

以细小的氧化铝为热喷涂粉末,采用低压等离子喷涂制备了沉积率高于50%,孔隙率低于2%的氧化铝涂层.研究了不同工艺下低压等离子喷涂氧化铝涂层的沉积率、相组成和显微结构,并对低压等离子功率和真空室压力工艺参数对涂层的影响进行了分析.研究结果表明,所制备的涂层以α-Al₂O₃和γ-Al₂O₃相并存;随着功率和压力提高,涂层的孔隙率有明显的降低,但压力达到23.7kPa时功率影响较小.此外,还对等离子焰流中的粒子温度和速度进行了计算.结果表明,在23.7kPa压力下保证粒子充分熔融的前提下使粒子具有较高的运动速度.     

微束等离子喷涂羟基磷灰石涂层

采用微束等离子喷涂(MPS) 在Ti6Al4V基体上制备了羟基磷灰石(HA)涂层, 并以大气等离子喷涂(APS)为对照. 利用光学显微镜、SEM和XRD分析技术对MPS涂层形貌、相组成和结晶度进行了研究. 结果表明: 在微束等离子喷涂过程中, HA 的分解程度比大气等离子喷涂有显著降低, 除了HA相, 仅形成β-TCP相和非晶相. MPS涂层的结晶度主要受喷涂距离的影响. 喷涂距离较短(<80mm)时, 涂层结晶度高于APS方法制备的涂层. 喷涂距离在130mm时, 涂层结晶度低. 大气等离子喷涂层含有β-TCP、α-TCP、TTCP、CaO和非晶. MPS涂层分解较APS少的主要原因是喷涂过程中HA粒子过热不严重.     

粘结层喷涂方法对铜基体与热障涂层结合强度的影响

为提高铜基体上热障涂层的工作温度和寿命,分别采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)和等离子喷涂(APS)制备NiCrAlY粘结层,采用等离子喷涂制备ZrO2-8%Y2O3陶瓷面层.用拉伸试验测试了热障涂层的结合强度,利用SEM分析了拉伸断口的成分分布和微观形貌.研究表明,用HVOF制备粘结层的热障涂层的结合强度为47.9 MPa,用APS制备粘结层的热障涂层的结合强度为31.2 MPa.与等离子喷涂制备粘结层相比,采用超音速火焰喷涂制备粘结层可明显提高ZrO2陶瓷涂层的结合强度.     

超音速等离子与HVOF喷涂WC-Co涂层的冲蚀磨损性能研究

用超音速等离子喷涂(HEPJet)和两种进口高速氧燃气火焰喷涂(HVOF)设备(JP-5000 和DJ-2700)制备WC-Co涂层,进行了孔隙率、显微硬度、结合强度及30°和90°攻角的冲蚀磨损对比实验,分析了涂层的SEM磨损形貌.结果表明,超音速等离子喷涂WC-Co涂层综合性能与JP-5000喷涂WC-Co涂层相当,优于DJ-2700;在30°冲蚀磨损条件下,WC-Co涂层的失效行为表现为疲劳剥落和微切削两种特征;在90°冲蚀磨损时,涂层的失效主要是垂直表面的磨粒冲击力导致涂层疲劳剥落.     

Ultrasonic Plasma Spray--A New Plasma Spray Process

The method of arc- ultrasonic is introduced into plasma spray process. The process of spray ZrO2-NiCoCr AlY thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) using air plasma spray (APS) process is studied. A exciting source which can be adjusted from audio frequency to several hundred thousand Hertz is designed successfully. The ultrasonic exciting source is coupled with conventional DC spraying power supply. A few ultrasonic frequencies are selected in the testing. Several parts of the coatings with the coupling arc- ultrasonic are compared with the coatings without it. The results show: with 50 kHz and 80 kHz ultrasound, the coating qualities are improved, whereas 30 kHz has an opposite effect.     

Plasma oxidation

The general assumption is made that the rate of oxidation is limited by the transport of ionic species through the already formed layer, with the transport mechanism being the thermally activated hopping of ionic defects in the presence of electric fields due to the surface potential established by the discharge and modified by the space charge of the mobile ionic defects. The results of the treatment are also applicable if the transport occurs by place exchange. Although attention in the present work is focused specifically on electrically isolated metal samples in the presence of an r.f.-excited oxygen plasma, the theoretical model is not limited in applicability to this special case.     

Plasma Post Oxidation of Plasma Nitrocarburized SKD 61 Steel

Plasma nitrocarburizing and plasma oxidizing treatments were performed to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of SKD 61 steel.Plasma nitrocarburizing was conducted for 12 h at 540℃in the nitrogen, hydrogen and methane atmosphere to produce theε-Fe-（2-3）（N,C） phase.The compound layer produced by plasma nitrocarburising was predominantly composed ofε-phase,with a small proportion ofγ′-Fe-4 （N,C） phase. The thickness of the compound layer and the diffusion layer are about 10μm and about 200μm,respectively. Plasma post oxidation was performed on the nitrocarburized samples with various oxygen/hydrogen ratio at constant temperature of 500℃for 1 h.The very thin magnetite （Fe-3O-4） layer of 1-2μm in thickness on top of the compound layer was obtained.Anodic polarization test revealed that plasma nitrocarburizing process contributed a significant improvement of corrosion resistance of SKD 61 steel.However,the corrosion characteristics of the nitrocarburized compound layer was deteriorated by oxidation treatment.     

Two-Dimensional Model of Plasma Cathode with an Open Plasma Boundary

The paper deals with the solution of two problems for which a two-dimensional distribution is found of the current density and of the electric field in the hollow-cathode plasma. In the first one of these problems, the anode surface of the cavity represents two concentric flat anodes separated by an insulator. This system is used to study the problem of switching the current over from the external to internal anode, with the anode drop being a nonlinear function of current density. The distribution of the current density and of the anode voltage drop on the surfaces of both anodes is calculated for different potentials of the external and internal anodes. In the second problem, the function of internal anode is served by the open boundary of plasma with zero anode drop. The shape of the plasma boundary is determined depending on the plasma cathode geometry and parameters. The singularities are discussed that characterize the extraction of current from the open plasma boundary for different forms of electric discharges.     

Plasma im Beutel

Plasma in a bag — Internal coating of bags using atmospheric pressure plasmas for cell culturing. “Plasma in a bag” stands for a new low‐cost technique for coating the inside of closed plastic bags by means of atmospheric pressure plasma. The technique allows the deposition of homogeneous, long‐term stable functional layers on the inner surfaces of cell culture bags. The area density of functional amino groups was determined by chemical derivatization in combination with ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy. A prototype of an equipment was built for the automated and reproducible deposition of coatings under standard laboratory conditions maintaining the sterility of the bag. High yields of adherent grown human mesenchymal stem cells can be achieved even after long periods of storage of the bag before use. With suitable variation of the film‐forming agent different functionalities can be obtained on the surface. Future goals are the deposition of migration barriers as well as the coating of bottles with hydrophobic surfaces.     

Plasma Jet Machining

Plasma Jet Machining (PJM) is a surface figuring technology based on atmospheric plasma assisted chemical etching or deposition, respectively. In both cases a sub‐aperture plasma jet source is used combined with a CNC multi‐axes system for the processing of curved surfaces. It is under development for the surface figuring of a variety of optical materials by IOM for about 15 years. PJM is capable to figure deep aspheric or free‐form substrates with high material removal rate and high spatial resolution. Based on chemical reactions between plasma generated radicals and the surface PJM does not introduce any damage to the processed surface and sub‐surface region in contrast to abrasive techniques. Deterministic deposition of SiO_x layers and subsequent proportional transfer using ion beams or polishing is another plasma jet based technique for surface figuring that extends the range of machinable materials. The article gives an overview on the current state of PJM development in IOM and shows examples of its application.