CrAlN/VN多层膜调制周期对膜层性能的影响

针对磁控溅射制备CrAlN和VN的单层膜以及不同调制周期的CrAlN/VN纳米结构多层膜,采用X射线衍射仪、能谱仪、激光扫描共聚焦显微镜,维氏硬度计和纳米压痕仪对膜层性能进行表征。实验结果表明:CrAlN、VN以及CrAlN/VN多层膜均为面心立方结构,多层膜中VN层沿着CrAlN层共格生长。CrAlN/VN多层膜的硬度依赖于调制周期,在调制周期为10nm时,硬度达到最大值。多层膜的H~3/E~(*2)和韧性在调制周期较小时,更容易受到膜层中子层性能的影响。     

CrAIN／TiAIN纳米多层膜的微结构及其性能研究

采用磁控反应溅射法制备了不同调制周期的CrAIN／TiAIN纳米多层膜,并通过x射线衍射仪、显微硬度计、扫描电镜分析了调制周期对多层膜的微结构、力学性能和高温抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明：CrAIN／TiAIN纳米多层膜共格外延生长,呈现CrAIN（或TiAIN）面心立方结构,且呈（111）择优取向;CrAIN／TiAIN纳米多层膜在某些调制周期出现硬度异常升高的超硬度效应;CrAIN／TiAIN纳米多层膜比CrAIN,TiAIN单层膜具有更好的高温稳定性,高温时仍具有较高的硬度。     

活塞环表面Cr/CrN纳米多层膜的微观结构

为改善发动机活塞环的摩擦学性能,提高其使用寿命,采用多弧离子镀技术在活塞环表面制备了Cr/CrN纳米多层膜.采用x 射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、俄歇能谱仪（AES）、纳米硬度仪和CETR摩擦磨损试验机,系统分析了不同调制周期Cr/CrN纳米多层膜的微观结构、成分分布、纳米硬度和抗滑动磨损性能.结果表明：Cr/CrN多层膜由CrN、Cr2N和Cr相组成,在CrN（200）方向上出现择优取向.随调制周期的减小,多层膜的硬度和残余应力增大,当调制周期为80nm时,多层膜的硬度值最高达到21.5GPa;当调制周期为120nm时,H³/E²值达到最高,此时划痕临界载荷值最高.根据摩擦磨损试验结果可知,与电镀Cr和CrN涂层相比,Cr/CrN多层膜具有相对较好的抗滑动磨损性能,其磨损机制主要以磨粒磨损为主,有可能替代原活塞环Cr电镀层.     

含过渡层TiAlN和CrAlN硬质膜的制备及其抗氧化性能研究

采用磁控溅射技术制备TiAlN、CrAlN及含Ti、Cr过渡层的TiAlN、CrAlN四种薄膜,并对其进行850℃大气热处理实验,通过激光共聚焦显微镜、纳米压痕仪对热处理后的试样进行测试。表征结果显示:热处理后的TiAlN薄膜及含有Ti过渡层的TiAlN薄膜硬度及弹性模量都大幅降低,前者比后者的表面粗糙度小、抗氧化性能更优;热处理后CrAlN薄膜的硬度和弹性模量大幅下降,而含Cr过渡层的CrAlN薄膜热处理后的硬度、模量相对较高,表面粗糙度也相对较小。     

脉冲激光沉积制备TiN/AlN多层薄膜的研究

采用脉冲激光沉积(PLA)法,在单晶Si试样表面沉积制备了一系列TiN/AlN硬质多层膜,并采用基于免疫算法的免疫径向基函数(IRBF)神经网络对AlN厚度建立预测模型,设计出具有可控调制周期和调制比的TiN/AlN多层膜。X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明,小调制层周期下,过高或过低的工艺条件下薄膜通常为非晶态,适当的工艺条件下TiN、AlN形成具有强烈织构的超晶格柱状晶多层膜;与此相应,纳米多层膜产生了硬度和弹性模量异常增高;随着调制比增加,使纳米多层膜形成非晶AlN层和纳米晶TiN层的多层结构,多层膜的硬度和弹性模量逐渐下降。XPS结果表明,薄膜界面由Ti+4、Ti+3离子组成,N的负二价、三价亚谱结构预示着非当量TiN、AlN的形成。AFM研究显示,薄膜的调制周期均在10~200 nm范围内,且薄膜表面较均匀;当多层薄膜调制周期在50 nm以下时,薄膜的纳米硬度值明显高于TiN和AlN的混合硬度值,达30 Gpa。     

结构调制高硬度TiCu/TiN-Cu纳米多层复合膜制备及其机械性能

为改善TiN硬质薄膜的硬度和耐摩擦磨损性能,采用多弧离子镀技术,在硬质合金基底上制备了单层TiN-Cu薄膜和调制周期Λ=5.9～62.1 nm的5组TiCu/TiN-Cu纳米多层复合膜。使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、纳米压痕仪、划痕仪和摩擦磨损试验机等测试仪器,表征了薄膜的微观结构及机械性能,并研究了调制周期对纳米多层复合膜结构及机械性能的影响。实验结果表明:与单层TiN-Cu薄膜相比,TiCu/TiN-Cu纳米多层复合膜有效地抑制了晶粒生长,而且分层明显,薄膜均匀致密,薄膜中TiN晶粒以面心立方结构沿(111)方向生长。随着调制周期的减小,薄膜的结晶性有所下降,薄膜的硬度呈现先增大后减小的趋势。在调制周期为13.7 nm时,薄膜综合性能达到最佳,薄膜的硬度达到了42.6 GPa,H~3/E~2值也达到了0.689,摩擦系数为0.17,附着力为49.2 N,接近53.1 N的最高值,表明薄膜具有理想的硬度和耐摩擦磨损能力。在使用多弧离子镀工艺制备TiCu/TiN-Cu纳米多层复合多层膜的过程中,通过调整调制周期,有效地改善了膜层的机械性能,拓展了膜层的应用范围。     

脉冲激光沉积TiN/AlN多层膜的微结构与力学性能

采用脉冲激光沉积(LPA)法,在单晶Si表面制备了调制周期为50nm的不同调制比的TiN/AlN多层膜,并研究了调制比对多层膜微结构和力学性能的影响。扫描电镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)显示,薄膜的调制比在1～4之间。并且小调制比下薄膜表面的岛密度小,岛面积过大,分布不均匀,相邻岛之间的起伏较大。X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明,小调制比下,AlN相为明显的(002)择优取向,TiN相主要以(200)、(220)形式存在;调制比增大后,AlN相的择优取向减弱,同时伴随着薄膜晶粒的细化及硬度增强,这一研究结果说明,调制比对多层膜的性质有一定的影响,大调制比会导致Al元素在界面处聚集,并与TiN进行合金化后的形成TiAlN结构,进而对薄膜的硬度产生影响。     

铜合金表面Ti/TiN多层膜的制备、结构及其性能

为了研究多层膜的腐蚀性能,促进多层膜在生产中的应用,采用电弧离子镀技术,通过调整环境N₂和Ar气的时间比例在铜衬底上成功制备了不同调制周期的Ti/TiN多层膜.利用x 射线衍射谱和交流阻抗谱研究了该多层膜的结构和腐蚀性能.表面形貌显示,沉积的Ti/TiN多层膜具有明显的周期性,环境中N2和Ar气的时间比例决定了多层膜的调制周期,N₂气时间越长,多层膜中TiN相层越厚.腐蚀性能测定表明,多层膜的调制周期影响其耐蚀性,当调制周期为550nm时,沉积膜的耐腐蚀性最好.     

钛合金表面TiAlN膜层的制备

为了研究不同偏压对TiAlN薄膜性能的影响以及薄膜体系膜基硬度比随载荷的变化关系,采用多弧离子镀的方法在Ti6Al4V合金表面制备TiAlN薄膜,利用扫描电子显微镜、x 射线衍射仪、全自动显微硬度计等设备对膜层的微观组织结构和力学性能进行了测试.结果表明,TiAlN膜层由Ti2AlN(hcp)相组成.在恒定载荷条件下,体系的膜基硬度比随载荷的增加而减小.当载荷小于300g时,偏压对膜基硬度比与载荷关系曲线呈不规则影响.载荷超过300g以后,几乎没有影响.     

脉冲N离子束轰击对TiAlN膜层显微硬度影响的研究

采用俄罗斯UVN 0.5D2I脉冲离子束辅助电弧离子镀沉积设备,在高速钢W18Cr4V基材上沉积TiAlN膜层。研究了膜层沉积之前N离子束轰击基材以及膜层沉积过程中N离子束辅助轰击对TiAlN膜层显微硬度的影响。结果表明:膜层沉积之前,N离子轰击得到高度洁净的表面,使基材的显微硬度由原来的900HV0.01提高到1230HV0.01。膜层沉积过程中,脉冲N离子束轰击,消除了膜层中的硬度"软点"及阴影效应,增加(Ti,Al)N相的含量,膜层的内部产生了压应力,这些因素显著提高了膜层的硬度,膜层的最高硬度为2530HV0.01。但轰击能量不能过高,否则会降低膜层的显微硬度。     

不同Al含量的Ti/Al合金靶对磁控溅射离子镀TiAlN薄膜力学性能的影响

采用不同Al含量的Ti/Al合金靶材在硬质合金刀具上沉积TiAlN薄膜,研究靶材中不同的Al含量对TiAlN薄膜表面粗糙度、硬度以及膜基结合力等性能的影响,通过显微硬度仪、划痕仪、金相显微镜和XRD等仪器分别对薄膜的硬度、结合力、组织结构等主要性能进行测试分析。实验结果表明:随着Ti/Al合金靶中Al含量的增加,TiAlN薄膜的硬度先增加后减小,膜基结合力逐渐增加;当Al在Ti/Al合金靶材中所占的比值为2:3时,TiAlN薄膜的硬度、耐磨性等综合力学性能最佳。     

Influence of a TiAlN coating on the mechanical properties of a heat resistant steel at room temperature and 650 °C

A TiAlN coating was deposited on a heat resistant steel X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1 by vacuum arc ion plating. The tensile and fatigue properties of the coated steel were investigated at room temperature (RT) and 650 °C. The results reveal that the TiAlN coating is compact, on which a small number of large particle and pits are present. The Ti/Al atomic ratio in the coating is about 0.94. The average hardness of the coating is 1 868 HV0.1 and the interface bonding force between TiAlN coating and the substrate is about 31 N. The elastic modulus and the strength of the steel are improved by the deposition of TiAlN coating. The influence of the TiAlN coating on the tensile properties of the steel can be ignored at both RT and 650 °C. Moreover, there is no obvious decrease of the fatigue limit of substrate when the steel is coated by the coating at the investigated temperature.     

TiN／CrN multilayered hard coatings with TiCrN interlayer deposited by a filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique

TiN/CrN multilayered hard coatings with TiCrN interlayer were deposited on high speed steel substrates by using a filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique. The structure and composition of the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). A high adhesion of up to 80 N was demonstrated by scratching tests for the multilayered coatings. Nanoindentation tests were performed to determine the hardness and elastic modulus of the coatings as a function of the multiplayer modulation period. It was observed that the hardness of the multilayered coatings is higher than those of either TiN or CrN single coatings, and it increases with decreasing modulation periods, which is consistent with predictions from the Hall-Petch type strengthening mechanism, though at small modulation periods, deviation from the Hall-Petch relation has been observed for the multilayered coatings. The life-span of drills coated with TiN/CrN multilayered is triple as long as that coated with TiN layer.     

Effect of Al and Si additions on microstructure and mechanical properties of TiN coatings

Ti-X-N (X=Al, Si or Al+Si) coatings were grown onto cemented carbide substrates by cathodic arc evaporation. The hardness of the coatings was obtained by nanoindentation and the microstructure was investigated by XRD, XPS and SEM. Solid solution hardening results in a hardness increase from 24 GPa for TiN to 31.2 GPa for TiAlN. The higher hardness values of 36.7 GPa for TiSiN and 42.4 GPa for TiAlSiN are obtained by the incorporation of Si into TiN (TiAlN) coatings due to the formation of special three-dimensional net structure consisting of nanocrystalline (nc) TiN (TiAlN) encapsulated in an amorphous (a) Si₃N₄ matrix phase. Furthermore, the nc-TiAlN/a-Si₃N₄ coating shows the best machining performance.     

Nanoindentation analysis of TiN,TiAlN,and TiAlSiN coatings prepared by cathode ion plating

The TiN,TiAlN and TiAlSiN coatings were deposited on H13 hot-worked mold steel by cathodic arc ion plating(CAIP).The morphologies,phase compositions,and nanoindentation parameters,such as creep hardness,elastic modulus and plastic deformation energy of the coatings were analyzed with field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and nanoindentation testing,respectively,and the test results were compared with equation describing the indentation model.The results show that the TiN,TiAlN and TiAlSiN coating surfaces were dense and composed of TiN,TiN + TiAlN,TiN + Si3N4 + TiAlN phases,respectively.There was no spalling or cracking on the indentation surface.The creep hardness of the TiN,TiAlN and TiAlSiN coatings was 7.33,13.5,and 15.2 GPa,respectively;the corresponding hardness measured by nanoindentation was 7.09,15.6,and 21.7 GPa,respectively;and the corresponding elastic modulus was 201.93,172.79,and 162.77 GPa,respectively.The contact depth and elastic modulus calculated by the indentation model were close to those of the test results,but the remaining indentation parameters showed discrepancies.The sequence of plastic deformation energy was TiN TiAlNTiAlSiN.