黑果腺肋花楸在体外模拟消化过程中酚类物质及抗氧化性的变化规律

本研究探讨了体外胃肠道消化模拟对黑果腺肋花楸中酚类物质的含量及抗氧化活性的影响,采用福林酚法和硝酸铝显色法测定黑果腺肋花楸消化前后总酚和总黄酮的含量。通过DPPH?和ABTS+自由基清除能力来验证胃肠消化处理对黑果腺肋花楸抗氧化活性的影响。实验结果表明：在模拟体外消化过程中,黑果腺肋花楸的多酚和黄酮含量表现出不同的变化趋势。其中,黑果腺肋花楸多酚在胃消化模拟过程中稳定性较好,黄酮含量显著增加（p<0.05）,DPPH?和ABTS+自由基清除能力均无显著性变化（p>0.05）;在模拟肠液消化过程中,多酚和黄酮含量显著增加,分别是提高了1.33、1.38倍（p<0.05）,DPPH?和ABTS+自由基清除率分别降低了36.84%和8.55%。胃肠道中胃蛋白酶、胃酸、胰蛋白酶对黑果腺肋花楸中多酚和黄酮的释放有一定的促进作用,但胰蛋白酶会降低果实的抗氧化能力,这可能与有机酸的分解有关。本研究结果为黑果腺肋花楸天然产品的开发及应用提供科学依据。     

Chemopreventive Potential of Flavonoid Extracts from Plantation-Bred and Wild Aronia melanocarpa (Black Chokeberry) Fruits

ABSTRACT:  European plantation-bred (cultivated) and local Illinois (wild) Aronia melanocarpa (chokeberry) fruits were extracted with 70% aqueous acetone and separated into 6 fractions using vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) over a Toyopearl (TP) polymer column. TP fractions 2 through 6 were recombined and further subfractionated using silica gel (SG) into 22 subfractions. Crude extract, TP fractions, and SG subfractions were screened in a L1210 murine leukemia cell assay and a human DNA catalytic topoisomerase II assay in order to gauge the cancer chemopreventive potential of each genotype. SG subfraction 6 from the cultivated genotype showed >90% inhibitory activity at 25 μg/mL, and a similar fraction from the wild genotype showed >95% inhibitory activity to L1210 leukemia cells at a concentration of 50 μg/mL. On the basis of topoisomerase inhibition, it can be concluded that all TP fractions of the wild genotype act as catalytic inhibitors. Similar anthocyanins and oligomeric proanthocyanidins were identified from both Aronia genotypes; however, HPLC-ESI-MS spectra indicated higher flavonoid concentration in the wild Aronia and a predominance (up to 67%) of nonphenolic compounds in the berries from the cultivated genotype. Both cultivated and wild genotypes exhibited promise toward chemoprevention, but differed in levels of activity in the assays used to determine chemoprotective potential.     

黑果腺肋花楸中花青苷类化合物的超高效液相色谱-飞行时间-串联质谱分析鉴定

利用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间-串联质谱(UPLC-TOF-MS/MS)技术建立了黑果腺肋花楸花青苷类化合物分析方法。黑果腺肋花楸果实采用酸化甲醇(0.1%盐酸,v/v)提取,经UPLC BEH C18反相色谱柱分离,乙腈-水(均含0.1%甲酸,v/v)流动相系统梯度洗脱;在正离子模式下,采用飞行时间质谱全扫描-信息关联采集-子离子扫描(TOF-MS scan-IDA-Product ion scan)复合模式进行分析测定,一次进样分析可同时获得花青苷高分辨、高准确质量数的一级和二级质谱信息,提高花青苷结构鉴定的准确性。最终在黑果腺肋花楸中共鉴定12个花青苷类化合物,其中6种为黑果腺肋花楸果实中尚未报道的花青苷类化合物。研究为黑果腺肋花楸花青苷的生物活性研究及相关产品开发提供基础数据,所建立的方法适用于植物样品花青苷类化合物的分析。     

黑果腺肋花楸多酚的抑菌活性研究

研究黑果腺肋花楸多酚对5种细菌和2种真菌的抑菌活性及其抑菌稳定性。采用双层平板打孔法,根据抑菌圈直径判断黑果腺肋花楸多酚的抑菌活性;采用比色法测定黑果腺肋花楸多酚对5种细菌的最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC),并以脂环酸芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌作为指示菌,研究Na Cl浓度、温度、紫外线对黑果腺肋花楸多酚抑菌稳定性的影响。研究结果表明黑果腺肋花楸多酚对脂环酸芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌等5种细菌均具有较好的抑菌活性,对2种真菌基本无抑菌效果。黑果腺肋花楸多酚对脂环酸芽孢杆菌(DSM 3922,AAT-92)、阴沟肠杆菌(20051)的MIC为0.40 g/L,对枯草芽孢杆菌(10034)和产气肠杆菌(10017)的MIC分别为0.05 g/L和0.10 g/L。随着Na Cl浓度的增加,黑果腺肋花楸多酚抑菌活性显著下降。多酚溶液经热处理后,抑菌活性有微弱下降趋势,经紫外线处理后抑菌活性基本无变化。     

黑果腺肋花楸原花青素的提取及抑菌性研究

本文利用响应面分析法对黑果腺肋花楸原花青素的提取工艺进行优化,并探究其抑菌性质。结果表明:黑果腺肋花楸原花青素的最佳提取条件为:乙醇浓度62%,液料比25∶1 m L/g,提取温度72℃,提取时间60 min。在此条件下提取的黑果腺肋花楸原花青素含量为3.32%;经AB-8大孔树脂纯化,原花青素含量提高约4倍,为14.29%;抑菌性实验表明黑果腺肋花楸原花青素对供试菌种的抑菌效果依次为:枯草芽孢杆菌>金黄色葡萄球菌>大肠杆菌>酿酒酵母,抑菌作用随原花青素浓度的增加而提高,且纯化前的黑果腺肋花楸原花青素具有更强的抑菌性。      

黑果腺肋花楸花色苷提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性和组成鉴定

目的：优化超声波辅助提取黑果腺肋花楸花色苷的条件,测定花色苷的抗氧化能力,鉴定黑果腺肋花楸花色苷提取物的组成成分。方法：采用响应面法优化花色苷提取条件,通过1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除能力、2,2’-联氨-双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）二铵盐自由基清除能力及Fe3＋还原能力方法评价其抗氧化能力,高效液相色谱-质谱联用法进行成分分析。结果表明：提取温度60?℃、超声功率100?W、料液比1∶30（g/mL）、超声时间31?min、乙醇体积分数64%和pH?2.0时为最优提取条件,此时黑果腺肋花楸花色苷含量可达（3.61±0.01）mg/g。体外抗氧化实验表明,在相同质量浓度条件下,黑果腺肋花楸花色苷提取物的抗氧化活性明显高于VC。组分鉴定表明黑果腺肋花楸花色苷提取物中共有6?种花色苷,其中矢车菊-己糖苷二聚体和矢车菊-3,5-二己糖苷为新检测出的2?种花色苷。     

黑果腺肋花楸多酚对抑郁症小鼠肠道菌群及大脑BDNF水平作用机理的探讨

该研究探讨了黑果腺肋花楸（黑果）果实、叶子的多酚调节抑郁小鼠模型的作用机理,旨在通过饮食干预达到调节抑郁的目的。注射4 mg/mL皮质酮构建小鼠抑郁症模型,采用行为实验、16S rRNA基因测序技术等对小鼠行为、肠道菌群组成与脑源性神经营养因子（brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF）的变化规律等进行研究。研究表明黑果多酚提取物可以显著改善抑郁症小鼠游泳、糖水偏好等行为,可将肠道菌群多样性水平升高至18.23%;使得大脑中BDNF水平可提高81.39%。黑果多酚提取物通过调控肠道菌群、大脑BDNF途径影响抑郁小鼠行为,改善抑郁状态,从而发挥抑郁调节作用,为黑果宽渠道深度开发提供了新支撑,高值化应用提供了理论指导,为饮食调理抑郁症提供新资源,也丰富了功能性食品类型和理论。     

Comparative Analysis of the Antioxidant Capacity of Selected Fruit Juices and Nectars: Chokeberry Juice as a Rich Source of Polyphenols

The bioactive compounds, and hence the antioxidant capacity, of fruit juice are affected by a given type of juice and fruit processing conditions. In this study, some polyphenol-rich juices and nectars were compared, considering the manufacturing conditions (Stage I). Organic chokeberry juice was determined to possess the highest antioxidant capacity, which was 4- to 10-fold higher than in other popular juices. Subsequently, this juice was analyzed for selected flavonoids (flavanols, flavonols, flavones) and phenolic acids (Stage II). The results showed that chokeberry juice was a rich source of chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids. The high total content of polyphenols and high antioxidant capacity encourage further clinical research on chokeberry juice, in the context of cardiovascular diseases prophylaxis.     

Solid-phase extraction (SPE)—a comparison of 16 materials for the purification of anthocyanins from aronia melanocarpa var Nero

There is an increasing interest in anthocyanins, not only as natural food colourants but also for pharmaceutical products due to their antioxidative potential. Common extraction procedures of anthocyanins from plant material are non-selective and yield pigment solutions with large amounts of by-products such as sugars, sugar alcohols, organic acids, amino acids and proteins. Some of these impurities may accelerate anthocyanin degradation or cause problems in further processing steps such as spray drying. In order to obtain a highly concentrated and purified anthocyanin pigment from black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa var Nero), juices and skin extracts were purified by solid-phase extraction (SPE). Sixteen solid-phase materials were tested on a laboratory scale, whereby the anthocyanin and sugar content of collected fractions were determined to represent elution profiles. Among these, reversed-phase silica gels and macroreticular non-ionic acrylic polymer adsorbents such as Serdolit PAD IV or Amberlite XAD-7 turned out to be most suitable. SPE was investigated with these materials in an enlarged scale, improving elution gradient and column purification. Amberlite XAD-7 was successfully applied in a 36-litre-scale separation. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry.     

黑果腺肋花楸果汁产品品质分析与综合评价体系的建立

该研究以现有较高销量14款市售黑果腺肋花楸果汁类产品为试材,通过测定产品的色度、理化、酚类物质含量及抗氧化能力等共18项品质指标,采用主成分分析法,建立黑果腺肋花楸果汁产品品质分析与综合评价体系,并使用该体系对市售黑果腺肋花楸果汁产品进行评价。主成分分析结果显示：前4个主成分方差累计贡献率达到91.88,h°（0.56）、总酸（0.90）、糖酸比（0.54）、悬浮稳定性（0.48）、黄酮（0.82）、缩合单宁（0.82）、FRAP（0.57）、DPPH（0.70）在前四个主成分中载荷权数较大,是黑果腺肋花楸果汁类产品的特征评价指标。总体而言,浓缩口服液及100%果汁产品综合品质较优;ZH系列果汁饮料在其产品类别中综合品质较优。该研究通过建立黑果腺肋花楸果汁类食品品质分析与综合评价体系,为黑果腺肋花楸果汁类食品的开发利用提供数据基础与理论支撑,对于黑果腺肋花楸产业的健康发展具有重要意义。     

Chokeberries (Aronia melanocarpa) and Their Products as a Possible Means for the Prevention and Treatment of Noncommunicable Diseases and Unfavorable Health Effects Due to Exposure to Xenobiotics

Aronia melanocarpa berries (chokeberries) constitute a very rich source of numerous substances exerting a beneficial impact on health, including mainly polyphenols (proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids), possessing antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, antiatherosclerotic, hypotensive, antiplatelet, and antidiabetic properties. Thus, the consumption of products made from chokeberries is of vital importance for health maintenance and protection. Nowadays, due to the growing prevalence of noncommunicable diseases and ubiquitous human exposure to numerous man‐made and naturally occurring toxic substances, some of which are dangerous even at low amounts, it is very important to look for effective means of health protection. An important role in this regard may be played by A. melanocarpa berries; however, up to now the attention of scientists, nutritionists, and health practitioners has been focused mainly on the effectiveness of chokeberry products in the prevention and treatment of noncommunicable diseases, while only little attention has been paid to the possibility of their use to counteract the adverse health effects of exposure to xenobiotics. That is why in this review article the main interest has been focused on the possibility of using chokeberries in the protection against unfavorable health effects caused by the action of substances to which humans may be exposed environmentally and/or occupationally. The available experimental data indicate that not only the fruit but also the leaves of A. melanocarpa and their products may be effective means for prevention and treatment of the effects of toxic action of some xenobiotics in humans; however, further studies on this subject are necessary.     

黑果腺肋花楸挥发油化学成分及总黄酮含量分析研究

目的研究黑果腺肋花楸挥发性化学成分的组成及质量分数,分析其总黄酮含量。方法采用超声波提取法提取黑果腺肋花楸果实中的挥发油和总黄酮,挥发油的化学成分通过气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, GC-MS)进行分析鉴定,各挥发性化学成分的质量分数采用色谱峰面积归一化法计算。以芦丁为标准品,用紫外可见分光光度仪进行总黄酮含量的分析测定。结果黑果腺肋花楸挥发油经GC-MS分析,共鉴定出36个挥发性化学成分,占挥发油色谱总峰面积的84.14%。芦丁标准品呈现良好线性关系(r~2=0.9997),总黄酮类化合物的平均含量为0.233%,标准偏差(standard deviation,SD)为0.01291,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)为5.53%。结论黑果腺肋花楸中的挥发性成分以烷烃类、酯类、羧酸类、醇类几类化合物为主,其果实中总黄酮类化合物的含量较低。     

黑果腺肋花楸与赤霞珠波特酒中挥发性香气成分分析

以黑果腺肋花楸和赤霞珠葡萄为原料,在二者混合发酵过程中添加无核白、霞多丽、赤霞珠3种葡萄蒸馏酒终止酒精发酵,制备波特酒。采用顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）结合全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱（GC×GC-TOF MS）技术,对黑果腺肋花楸和赤霞珠波特酒的挥发性香气成分进行分析,并对结果进行主成分分析（PCA）。结果表明,3种波特酒中共检测出68种挥发性香气成分,包括酯类25种、醇类21种、酸类7种、酮类6种、醛类4种、其他类5种。对3种波特酒的共有挥发性物质和挥发性化合物进行主成分分析,发现醇类和醛类物质是影响波特酒香气的主要因素。香气品质评价模型结果表明,添加赤霞珠蒸馏酒的波特酒香气品质最佳,添加霞多丽蒸馏酒的波特酒次之,添加无核白蒸馏酒的波特酒最差。     

In Vitro Iron Bioavailability and Antioxidant Activity of Raisins

ABSTRACT: Iron bioavailabilities and antioxidant activities of 3 generic raisin types-Golden Thompson, Dipped Thompson, and Sun-dried Thompson-were quantified and compared. Iron bioavailability was assessed with an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell culture model using cell ferritin formation as an index of iron bioavailability. Antioxidant activity was determined using the total oxyradical-scavenging capacity (TOSC) assay. Ferritin formation in Caco-2 cells was low for all 3 raisin types, indicating low iron bioavailability. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) enhanced iron bioavailability from raisins but ascorbic, citric, and tartaric acids showed no effect. Antioxidant activity was significantly higher in Golden Thompson than Dipped Thompson and Sun-dried Thompson, suggesting that enzymatic browning negatively affected antioxidant activity.     

体外模拟胃肠消化过程中黑果腺肋花楸果提取物活性成分及其抗氧化作用变化规律

通过体外模拟,探究黑果腺肋花楸果提取物胃肠消化过程中的活性成分及抗氧化作用变化规律。采用紫外分光光度法测定黑果腺肋花楸果提取物口腔消化液、胃消化液、肠消化液、肠透析液以及黑果腺肋花楸果提取物溶液5 种样品中总黄酮、多酚、花青素、原花青素含量变化;同时,检测5 种样品对羟基自由基、DPPH 自由基、ABTS+自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力。结果表明：黑果腺肋花楸果提取物中原花青素含量最高,为（333.86±3.46）mg/g,其次是多酚,花青素含量最少。在模拟消化过程中活性成分变化趋势存在差异,花青素含量在口腔消化液中最多,肠消化液次之,胃消化液和肠透析液中较少;原花青素在口腔消化液中最多,胃消化液中减少,肠消化液和肠透析液中消失。多酚在肠消化液中含量最高,口腔和胃消化液中差距不大,肠透析液中明显减少。模拟消化液清除羟基自由基、DPPH 自由基的变化趋势相似,其中口腔消化液抗氧化能力最强（清除羟基自由基IC50值为71 μL,强于维生素C,清除DPPH 自由基IC50 值为13.7 μL,弱于维生素C）,肠消化液抗氧化能力最弱,而清除ABTS+自由基能力的结果略有不同,清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力有待进一步研究。通过研究结果可以看出黑果腺肋花楸果提取物消化产物具有潜在的抗氧化活性,并与相关活性成分含量具有一定相关性。     

辣椒红素的生物利用度、生理功能及机制研究进展

辣椒红素是从成熟红辣椒中提取的一种类胡萝卜素,其色泽鲜艳、安全性高,被人们广泛用作于食品和饲料添加剂。辣椒红素是极性脂溶性物质,其生物利用度高于β-胡萝卜素。除了作为着色剂,辣椒红素还具有良好的抗氧化能力,能够清除体内过量的活性氧、参与调控与活性氧相关信号转导途径,从而缓解氧化应激对机体组织和细胞重要成分如脱氧核糖核酸、脂类和蛋白质的损伤,发挥广泛的生物学效应。以往研究发现,辣椒红素能够调节机体脂代谢、调节免疫、抗癌、抗辐射和减轻老年学习障碍,尤其是降低某些心血管疾病和癌症等慢性疾病的发病率。本文对近年来辣椒红素的生物利用度、生理功能及其作用机制进行了综述,以期为辣椒红素的功能性研究提供参考。     

膳食结构对柑橘类胡萝卜素生物利用度和抗氧化活性的影响

为探究不同膳食结构（正常膳食、高蛋白膳食、高脂膳食和高糖膳食）对柑橘类胡萝卜素生物利用度和抗氧化活性的影响,本实验通过模拟体外消化,对柑橘消化过程中类胡萝卜素含量、铁离子还原力、1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼自由基清除能力和2,2’-联氨-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)阳离子自由基清除能力等变化进行监测,并进行类胡萝卜素含量和抗氧化活性变化相关性分析。结果显示,随着消化的进行,各膳食结构组中总类胡萝卜素含量及其两种类胡萝卜素单体含量均呈不断下降的趋势,同时各膳食结构组的类胡萝卜素抗氧化能力也显著下降（P<0.05）。4种膳食结构中,高脂膳食组的类胡萝卜素在不同消化阶段均保持较高含量,同时其在不同消化阶段的抗氧化能力也较强。相关性研究发现,柑橘类胡萝卜素的抗氧化活性与其含量之间呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。综合分析可知,膳食结构对柑橘类萝卜素生物利用度和抗氧化活性影响较大,高脂膳食组的类胡萝卜素生物利用度（（24.08±1.78）%）显著高于正常膳食组（（19.26±1.06）%）(P<0.05),其抗氧化活性也最强,高蛋白膳食组的类胡萝卜素生物利用度（（15.27±...     

超声波辅助提取花生红衣多酚及其抗氧化活性研究

采用单因素和响应面试验研究超声波辅助提取花生红衣多酚的工艺条件,采用DPPH·法测定其体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:花生红衣多酚超声波辅助最佳提取条件:乙醇溶液体积分数70%、超声功率240 W、超声时间9 min、超声温度50℃;提取因素影响大小顺序为超声温度超声功率超声时间;花生红衣中提取多酚物质平均得率为5.89%,与模型预测值基本相符。与传统提取方法相比,超声辅助提取是一种提取花生红衣多酚的有效方法。花生红衣多酚具有较强的体外清除DPPH·自由基的能力。     

14 种海棠果实多酚种类及体外抗氧化活性分析

目的：评价14 种海棠果实多酚、黄酮的组成及体外抗氧化活性。方法：取14 种海棠果实,用清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-（2,4,6-trinitrophenyl）hydrazyl,DPPH）自由基、2,2’-联氮-双-（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）二铵盐（2,2’-azinobis-（3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate））自由基（ABTS+•）和铁还原能力（ferric ion reducing antioxidant power,FRAP）法分析其体外抗氧化活性,Folin-Ciocalteau法测其多酚含量,高效液相色谱（high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC）分析其酚类物质的组成与含量,相关系数法分析多酚、黄酮与抗氧化活性间的相关性,并对14 种海棠的检测结果进行主成分分析和聚类分析。结果：14 种海棠果实的多酚含量为62.96～287.86 mg GAE/100 g鲜质量,黄酮含量为83.77～604.11 mg RE/100 g鲜质量。其中,贴梗海棠的多酚和黄酮含量最高,抗氧化活性也最高,垂丝海棠次之。HPLC检测出绿原酸、表儿茶素、芦丁和根皮苷等13 种成分。多酚、黄酮含量与抗氧化活性呈显著正相关。以酚类物质 种类和含量为依据,可将这14 种海棠聚为3 类,A类中绿原酸含量较高,B类中儿茶素、芦丁、根皮苷含量较高,C类中表儿茶素、金丝桃苷含量较高;含香草酸的海棠也被划分在C类中。结论：14 种海棠中多酚类物质含量丰富,贴梗海棠多酚含量和抗氧化活性最高,垂丝海棠次之,是较好的开发功能性食品的资源。