低温硫化氯丁橡胶的性能分析及应用实例

为验证低温硫化氯丁橡胶的物理性能及应用适用性,按照国家标准和国家军用标准的要求,对氯丁橡胶硫化胶进行了各项理化性能测试和环境试验验证,测试了硫化氯丁橡胶的力学性能、电绝缘性、耐低温性、耐水性和耐环境性。通过试验验证,采取120℃×30min低温硫化的氯丁橡胶绝缘体可以满足水下连接器产品的使用要求,成型性与贮存稳定性俱佳,可以用于制作水下产品。     

水性漆涂层的耐水性能提升研究

环保水性涂料在高压开关产品上运用后,涂层的耐水性较差。针对该问题从涂层的构成及涂料的配方上进行原因分析、机理研究,确定了涂层耐水性差的根源,并对涂料和施工工艺进行改进和完善。经试验验证,改进后的水性漆涂层表面的疏水性、涂层的吸水率及耐水性都得到了显著的提升。     

丙烯酸树脂改性的水性聚氨酯耐化学性研究

研究了以不同方式改性的水性聚氨酯的耐化学性。试验结果表明，物理和化学改性均可提高水性聚氨酯的耐水性、耐甲基性及耐下酮性；仅以聚氨酯、丙烯酸树脂之间形成化学键的常规化学改性无助于改善聚氨酯的耐碱性；而以核－壳共聚的化学改性则可提高聚氨酯的碱性。     

耐磨紫外光固化水性木器涂料的研究

以水溶性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯为基础配制紫外光固化水性木器涂料,加入纳米氧化铝,考察了体系黏度、二氧化硅、偶联剂对纳米氧化铝分散稳定性的影响,测试了其附着力、硬度、光泽度、耐水性、耐醇性和耐磨性等性能。结果显示,该涂料具有良好的耐水性、耐醇性和耐磨性。     

防腐涂料和密封剂相容性试验研究

整体油箱具有载油量大、质量轻等特点而被各型飞机广泛采用,其内表面需采用特别的密封防腐涂层系统,以保证整体油箱具有较高的“三防”能力和密封性能,提高整体油箱的可靠性和长寿命。本文参照整体油箱材料配套性能中的试验设计,研究了飞机拟采用的 454-4-1防腐涂料与国内燃油以及与 HM113B-4、HM116C-8密封剂的配套相容性。试验结果表明： 454-4-1涂层具有良好的耐水性、耐盐水和燃油性以及耐 15号航空液压油性。 454-4-1涂料与 HM116C-8和 HM113B-4密封剂表面具有良好的粘接力。阳极化的铝合金 +454-4-1涂料 +NJD-3底涂 +HM116C-8/HM113B-4密封剂组成的整体油箱密封体系,材料之间相容性较好,可满足涂层体系各层间粘附性要求。     

汽车内饰高光黑色涂料耐刮擦试验方法研究

喷涂高光黑色涂料是汽车内饰零件实现高光黑效果的常用途径，但其一直存在长期不耐磨和短期不耐刮的市场抱怨。为了获取合适的评价内饰零件表面高光黑色涂料耐刮擦性试验方法，本文首先概括了国内汽车厂的内饰零件耐刮擦试验方法，然后重点探讨了部分代表性试验方法用来评价内饰高光黑色涂料表面耐刮擦性能的合适性。通过研究分析，本文将耐刮擦试验方法归类为“压入法”“划痕法”“磨损法”三类。推荐以铅笔硬度测试方法为代表的“划痕法”、和评估高光黑色涂料短期耐刮擦性能，和以 VELCRO带摩擦为代表的“磨损法”评估高光黑色涂料长期耐磨性能。     

现场检测地坪涂料耐香烟灼烧性能的方法研究

将家具耐香烟灼烧性的检测方法~([1])运用于现场检测地坪涂料的耐香烟灼烧性能,通过4种地坪涂料的耐香烟灼烧性能的对比试验,验证使用色差仪检测的可行性。     

桐油基聚氨酯的制备及性能研究

以桐油基酸酐和丁二醇为原料通过酯化及酯交换反应合成了桐油基多元醇,并进一步以制备的桐油基多元醇和/或聚丙二醇为羟基组分,与异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯反应制备了桐油基聚氨酯.考察了桐油基聚氨酯的耐水性、耐醇性和漆膜硬度,并讨论了桐油基多元醇和聚丙二醇比例对聚氨酯性能的影响.结果表明桐油基多元醇可提高漆膜硬度、耐水性及耐醇性.     

喷墨打印用着色剂技术进展（一）

目前使用和研究的喷墨打印用着色剂以水性染料为主,基本色是黑色、品红色、黄色和青色。水溶性黑色染料以多偶氮结构为主,要求具有好的耐水性和抗玷污牢度,近年的研究集中在非诱变性和非致癌性的黑色染料开发上;品红色染料的化学结构有氧杂蒽型和偶氮型等,目前还未找到一只色彩、光牢度、耐水性均理想的水性品红色染料;大多数水溶性黄色染料特别是黄色直接染料都可用于喷墨打印,耐光性与耐水性好;酮酞菁类磺化行生物是喷墨打印中使用最多的青色染料,其亮度高,耐光性、耐水性、稳定性好。     

新型醋—叔共聚乳液的合成研究

以羟乙基纤维素为保护胶体，通过优化聚保条件及选择适当的表现活性剂，采用高度支化的叔碳酸乙烯酯与醋酸乙烯进行共聚改性制得的醋叔乳液，产品稳定性高、重视性好，具有优异的漆膜耐水性、耐碱性和耐侯性，克服了聚醋酸乙烯乳液耐水性、耐碱性不好的缺点，拓展了醋酸乙烯的应用领域。     

The electrical resistance of flexible graphite as flowfield plate in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Flexible graphite can be stamped into gas channels for proton exchange membrane fuel cells attributing to its good conductivity, corrosion resistance and flexibility. However, the electrical resistance of the bipolar plate consisting of a coated metal foil and the stamped flexible graphite flowfield plate should be investigated, for the internal resistance would affect the output power of the fuel cell greatly. The influences of various parameters, such as compacting pressure, temperature, effective area of the coating and the water content of the flexible graphite on the electrical resistance were studied. The electrical resistance decreases with the increment of compacting pressure exponentially. The temperature and the effective area of metal foil coating both have linear relations with the electrical resistance. And the water content of the flexible graphite has a very complex relation with the electrical resistance; it is the most important influencing factor. At last, an empirical equation for the electrical resistance, giving a good fit to the test data, was determined.     

聚苯胺基涂层在质子交换膜燃料电池金属双极板上的应用进展

聚苯胺具有独特的导电性和电化学性能,近年来随着燃料电池的发展成为双极板防护的重要材料。然而,聚苯胺涂层在质子交换膜燃料电池高温强酸的工作环境中长期耐蚀性仍无法满足要求,限制了该材料的规模应用。本文综述了聚苯胺基涂层在质子交换膜燃料电池双极板上应用的最新研究进展,包括通过掺杂和共聚改性的聚苯胺涂层、引入高分子材料和纳米材料制备的聚苯胺基复合涂层;分析了各类典型涂层的电化学测试性能结果,总结了聚苯胺基复合涂层的耐蚀机理。最后总结了聚苯胺基涂层研究中目前存在的问题,并对研究方向进行了展望,指出统一测试标准对材料性能评价和商业应用具有重要意义,且今后应重点加强纳米材料复合涂层的研究,并基于原位观测和表征技术对涂层机理进行深入解析。     

Effect of water transport properties on a PEM fuel cell operating with dry hydrogen

In this work, membrane resistance measurement and water balance experiment were implemented to investigate the feasibility for a PEM fuel cell operating with dry hydrogen. The results showed that when a thin membrane was used in a cell the performance and the membrane resistance changed a little while the anode humidity changed from saturated to dry. Comparing with the anode humidity, the influence of the cathode humidity was serious on the cell performance. The water balance experiments showed that the net water transport coefficient was negative even the anode was humidified and liquid water existed not only in the cathode but also in the anode. High cathode humidity was disadvantage for the removal of water both in the anode and the cathode.     

改性石墨烯对环氧树脂涂层耐腐蚀性能的影响

将改性后石墨烯粉末通过球磨机均匀分散于环氧树脂涂料中以提高7A52铝合金表面有机涂层的耐腐蚀性能。通过接触角、吸水率、红外光谱、开路电位及交流阻抗测试,分别评价改性石墨烯环氧树脂涂层的表面润湿性、耐水性能、耐蚀性,并通过扫描电子显微镜对石墨烯粉末及环氧树脂涂层断面形貌进行分析。结果表明:环氧树脂涂料中添加0.8%改性石墨烯粉体后,接触角由86.77°增加至101.43°,提高16%,表面由亲水性变为疏水性,涂层的耐水性提高,吸水率降低0.21%。0.8%改性石墨烯涂层在3.5%NaCl溶液中稳定后的开路电位较未添加石墨烯涂层增加0.14 V,阻抗值高出未添加改性石墨烯涂层半个数量级,且电荷转移电阻R_ct比未添加改性石墨烯涂层R_ct高出1.78×10 ⁷ Ω/cm ²,涂层的耐腐蚀性大大提高。红外光谱表明,改性石墨烯并未改变环氧树脂结构,涂层中的改性石墨烯是影响涂层性能发生变化的重要因素。研究表明改性石墨烯的加入可以有效提高涂层的耐蚀性,并且当改性石墨烯添加量为0.8%时,涂层具有优异的耐腐蚀性能。     

改性h-BN/聚氨酯丙烯酸酯涂料的制备与性能

利用水热法制备羟基化六方氮化硼（BNNSs）,采用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）和丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEA）在其表面进行接枝得到功能化六方氮化硼（Fh-BN）。然后将得到的Fh-BN掺入有机硅改性的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯（PUA）涂料中,成功制备出改性h-BN/聚氨酯丙烯酸酯涂料。研究了水热时间、温度对BNNSs硼羟基含量的影响,利用XPS分析得出水热反应最佳反应条件为180℃、12h,B—OH质量分数达到5.97%。通过机械性能、综合热分析、耐水性、涂层交流阻抗和Tafel极化曲线进行测试分析,掺杂0.75%Fh-BN涂膜硬度达到3H,耐冲击性50cm,柔韧性0.5mm;与未掺杂前涂层相比,吸水率降低4.96%;涂层耐热性提高,T_50%提升了6℃;耐水测试浸泡168h后涂膜无变化;电化学测试表明：0.75%Fh-BN涂层阻抗R₁达到1.818×10⁹Ω·cm²,比原有涂层提升了两个数量级,E_corr由-0.4886V正移至-0.32124V,I_corr由2.5552×10^-7A/cm²降低至1.5555×10^-8A/cm²。Fh-BN的引入显著提升了涂层的机械性能、热稳定性和耐腐蚀性。     

一种改性硅酸盐胶粘涂层的制备

通过正交试验优选出了改性硅酸盐无机胶粘涂层的最优配方(质量分数):钠水玻璃44.4%、二氧化硅25.50%、氧化铝28.40%、铝粉1.65%,余量为水。研究了固化工艺参数对胶粘涂层性能的影响。结果表明,胶粘涂层室温放置8h后,在120°C下烘烤5h,所得涂层的剪切强度为25.3MPa,在水中浸泡24h的吸水率为0.20%。该涂层在1000°C以内热稳定性良好。     

Study on preparation and anticorrosive performance of a new high hydrophobic anticorrosive coating

Water-based anticorrosive coatings have poor water resistance, which easily lead to coating deterioration and metal corrosion. In order to improve the anticorrosion performance of waterborne coating, herein, the polytetrafluoroethylene/dimethyl siloxane/epoxy resin (PTFE/PDMS/EP) hydrophobic anticorrosive coating was prepared by layer-by-layer construction. The spatial structure and microscopic morphology of the hydrophobic coating were analyzed by XRD, FTIR, and SEM. The hydrophobicity and corrosion resistance of the composite coating were analyzed by hydrophobicity test, electrochemical polarization curve, hydrophobicity and corrosion resistance test of the mixed layer, Tafel polarization curves, and AC impedance spectrum. The results showed that the water contact angle of PTFE/PDMS/EP coating reached 141° and the protection efficiency of PTFE/PDMS/EP coating was 98.62%. After soaking for 7 days, the corrosion process still stays at the initial stage, which was mainly due to the good sealing and barrier properties and high anticorrosion efficiency of PTFE/PDMS/EP coating. The coating has high corrosion protection efficiency and long service life, which is of great significance to metal corrosion protection in harsh marine environments.     

新型风电塔筒涂膜镀锌的制备及性能研究

通过对涂膜镀锌溶剂体系的筛选和锌粉含量的调整,并采用耐盐水性测定、中性盐雾试验和导电性测试等方法对自制的涂膜镀锌进行了耐腐蚀性研究。结果表明:当溶剂体系中醋酸丁酯与重芳烃质量比为3∶1时,涂料具有良好的机械性能、表面状态和干燥时间;当干膜中锌粉含量为96%时,涂层防腐性能最佳,且性价比高,适用于重防腐领域;导电性测试表明:涂膜镀锌与普通富锌涂料相比,具有更为优异的电化学性能,能够起到良好的阴极保护作用。     

Application of Gas Permeation in Fuel Cell Powered Vehicles

Main motivation for the use of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) in traffic applications is its significant higher vehicle efficiency compared to internal combustion engines (ICE) especially under low‐load operation. Hydrogen is the ideal fuel for PEMFCs as it yields the highest level of fuel cell performance. Three different applications for gas permeation inside a fuel cell system have been investigated: water recovery, hydrogen purification, and oxygen enrichment. The focus was on the analysis of the technical feasibility and the availability of capable membranes on the pilot‐scale size for each application.