无铅焊膏用无卤素松香型助焊剂的研制

通过筛选试验,调整溶剂、松香和活化剂的含量,确定助焊剂中主要成分的最佳配比。根据国标GB/T9491—2002,测试助焊剂的扩展率、腐蚀性及其他性能,并根据日本工业标准JISZ3198—4—2003进行润湿力测试。结果表明:当助焊剂中有机酸活化剂质量分数为9%、m(水白松香):m(聚合松香)为2:3时,助焊剂具有良好的物理稳定性和润湿性,平均扩展率最高能达到76.00%。焊后铜片无腐蚀,残留物少且成透明膜状。     

锡锌合金无铅电子钎料有机活化松香助焊剂

锡锌合金是很有潜力的无铅电子焊料合金,润湿性较差是其发展的主要障碍.研究发现:在传统乙醇松香助焊剂中添加质量分数为0.5%的DMA可显著提高其活性,使Sn-9Zn对铜的润湿力和润湿铺展面积都有显著提高;再加入适当比例的乙二胺可使其改善润湿性的效果进一步提高,并大大减轻助焊剂对Sn-9Zn合金的腐蚀性.     

Sn-9Zn无铅电子钎料助焊剂研究

Sn-9Zn共晶合金在一般松香助焊剂条件下润湿性较差。开发了一种新的改性松香助焊剂。用铺展面积测量和润湿天平两种手段,表征不同助焊剂条件下Sn-9Zn合金对铜的润湿性,用失重测量表征助焊剂对铜和焊料合金的腐蚀性。结果表明:在乙醇–松香中加入少量SnCl2作为助焊剂可大大改善Sn-9Zn对铜的润湿性,但对焊料合金有一定的腐蚀性。选择了一种具有较强活性的有机碱性缓蚀剂,含SnCl2的助焊剂中加入该缓蚀剂后可基本消除腐蚀作用,同时还改善了润湿性。     

无铅焊膏中松香含量对焊点剪切强度的影响

对不同松香含量的助焊剂进行了润湿力性能测试和黏度测试。用这些助焊剂配制成焊膏,并对焊后的焊点进行了剪切试验,以此来测定不同的松香含量下焊点的剪切强度。结果表明:焊膏的黏度随着松香含量的增加而增加,而其润湿力逐渐降低。当松香的质量分数为42.69%时,焊点的剪切强度可达48.36MPa,焊膏焊接性能良好,焊点饱满光亮。     

无铅焊膏用助焊剂研制

对助焊剂的活性组分和其他组分采用正交试验进行筛选,根据工业标准对其进行了焊料铺展面积测试,效果较好的活性剂进行复合处理,对配制出的活性剂溶液加入松香配制成助焊剂进行性能测试.结果表明:当有机酸和三乙醇胺的质量比为12:1,占助焊剂质量分数的13.68％时,溶液的pH值达到3.94,扩展率可达80.06％,钎焊后的焊点光...     

无铅钎料用无VOC助焊剂活化组分研究

对无铅钎料免清洗助焊剂用各类活化剂性能及机理进行了分析,通过润湿力研究选择出活化性能较好的丁二酸和戊二酸以及一种羟基酸。以此活化组分为基础配制了两种无挥发性有机化合物(VOC)免清洗助焊剂,并且根据SJ/T 11273—2002《免清洗液态助焊剂》的规定对该助焊剂进行了性能检测。结果表明,两种助焊剂无松香无卤素,固体含量低,润湿力大,腐蚀性小,扩展率达75%,助焊性能良好,可应用到无铅波峰焊中。     

溶剂对助焊剂性能的影响

选用四种不同的醚与单一醇复配作为溶剂配制出四种助焊剂。通过扩展试验、润湿力试验和表面绝缘电阻测试,评价各种助焊剂的性能。结果表明,溶剂种类对焊料的平均扩展率、润湿性能和表面绝缘电阻均有影响;沸点与焊料熔点相近的溶剂所配助焊剂使焊料具有75.4%的平均扩展率;对活化剂有最好溶解能力的溶剂可提高润湿速率约12.5%。     

无铅焊料用水基无卤无VOC助焊剂

采用无卤素有机酸和有机胺作为活化剂,以去离子水为溶剂,并添加非离子表面活性剂,通过铺展率实验对各主要成分及配比进行选择和优化设计,研究了一种无铅焊料用水基无卤无VOC助焊剂。依据电子行业标准对研制的助焊剂进行了性能测试。结果表明,制备的助焊剂不含卤素、VOC物质,对无铅焊料的润湿性强,焊点光亮饱满,焊后残留少,铺展率可达78.2%,适用于SnAgCu和SnCu无铅焊料的波峰焊。     

Sn42Bi57Ag1无铅焊膏用活性剂的优化设计

针对Sn42Bi57Ag1无铅焊料开发出一种低温无铅焊锡膏,着重研究助焊剂中活性剂对焊锡膏润湿性能的影响。以铺展性能作为主要评价指标,通过回流焊接实验,对用于助焊剂的7种有机酸进行了筛选。最终选取了性能较好的甲基丁二酸、己二酸、水杨酸与丁二酸四种有机酸进行正交试验,通过量化分析选取正交试验水平,根据方差分析确定助焊剂中活性剂的最佳组合。结果表明:有机酸的复配能显著改善焊点铺展情况,当甲基丁二酸、己二酸、水杨酸与丁二酸质量比为2∶3∶5∶2时,Sn42Bi57Ag1无铅焊膏的润湿性能优异,焊点铺展率达86.52%。     

一种醇基低固含量免清洗助焊剂的研制

通过无铅焊料的焊点铺展及润湿力实验考察了活性剂对助焊剂润湿性能的影响,并据此研制出了一种以乙醇为溶剂、以有机酸和有机胺为活性剂并使用复合表面活性剂的免清洗助焊剂.结果表明:使用复合表面活性剂的助焊剂的润湿效果要好于使用单一表面活性剂的助焊剂.其中,以使用Op-4与壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚质量比为8:1的复合表面活性剂的助焊剂的...     

Manufacturing of solder bumps with Cu/Ta/Cu as under bumpmetallurgy

This study investigated the feasibility of the multilayer Cu/Ta/Cu under bump metallurgy (UBM), deposited on AlN/Si where AlN is a thin film. An interdiffusion study found that Ta is an appropriate diffusion barrier layer for the investigated solder bump structure. The temperature profiles and the flux compositions for solder reflow were also investigated. The flux activators investigated include succinic acid, adipic acid, stearic acid, dimethylamine hydrochloride, and diethylamine hydrochloride. Among these, succinic acid was the most appropriate in terms of wetting and cleaning     

Wetting and reaction of Sn-2.8Ag-0.5Cu-1.0Bi solder with Cu and Ni substrates

The wettability of newly developed Sn-2.8Ag-0.5Cu-1.0Bi lead-free solder on Cu and Ni substrates was assessed through the wetting balance tests. The wettability assessment parameters such as contact angle (ϑ_c) and maximum wetting force (F_w) were documented for three solder bath temperatures with three commercial fluxes, namely, no-clean (NC), nonactivated (R), and water-soluble organic acid flux (WS). It was found that the lead-free Sn-2.8Ag-0.5Cu-1.0Bi solder exhibited less wetting force, i.e., poorer wettability, than the conventional Sn-37Pb solder for all flux types and solder bath temperatures. The wettability of Sn-2.8Ag-0.5Cu-1.0Bi lead-free solder on Cu substrate was much higher than that on Ni substrate. Nonwetting for Sn-2.8Ag-0.5Cu-1.0Bi and Sn-Pb solders on Ni substrate occurred when R-type flux was used. A model was built and simulations were performed for the wetting balance test. The simulation results were found very close to the experimental results. It was also observed that larger values of immersion depth resulted in a decrease of the wetting force and corresponding meniscus height, whereas the increase in substrate perimeter enhanced the wettability. The wetting reactions between the solder and Cu/Ni substrates were also investigated, and it was found that Cu atoms diffused into the solder through the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) much faster than did the Ni atoms. Rapid formation of IMCs inhibited the wettability of Sn-2.8Ag-0.5Cu-1.0Bi solder compared to the Sn-Pb solder.     

SnAgCu无铅焊膏用活性物质研究

以SnAgCu无铅焊膏铺展性能为主要指标,通过回流焊接实验,对用于助焊剂的17种有机酸活性物质进行了筛选。选取两种性能较好的有机酸配成复合活性物质,并对该活性物质的组成进行优化。用湿热试验测试焊后残留物的腐蚀性。结果表明:以羧基官能团比例为3:7的丁二酸和一元酸A混合物作为活性物质,并添加质量约0.66%的乙醇胺调整酸度,得到了pH值约为3的助焊剂;此助焊剂性能优良,可使焊点铺展率达到84%。使用含有此助焊剂的焊膏,采用回流焊接工艺在PCB板上贴装片式元件,所得焊点光亮饱满,且焊后残留物无腐蚀性,可以实现免清洗。     

Solderability testing of 95.5Sn-3.9Ag-0.6Cu solder on oxygen-free high-conductivity copper and Au-Ni-Plated kovar

The solderability of 95.5Sn-3.9Ag-0.6Cu solder on oxygen-free high-conductivity (OFHC) copper and Au-Ni-plated Kovar was examined as a function of flux and process temperature. The three solder fluxes included a rosin-based (R) material, a rosin mildly activated (RMA) flux, and a low-solids (LS) flux. The solderability metric was the contact angle, θ_C, measured by a meniscometer and wetting-balance techniques. The wetting rate and time to maximum force parameters were also documented. In most cases, the contact angles for the 95.5Sn-3.9Ag-0.6Cu solder alloy, regardless of the type of flux or temperature, were higher then those for the 63Sn-37Pb eutectic-solder alloy, indicating a less “solderable” surface.     

Sn-9Zn合金无铅钎料用助焊剂研究

通过测量润湿面积和润湿角,研究不同助焊剂对Sn-9Zn焊料润湿性的影响。结果表明:助焊剂对Sn-9Zn焊料润湿性影响很大,由乳酸、聚乙二醇和SnCl2所构成的助焊剂与Sn-9Zn焊料有很好适应性;同时扫描电镜和能谱分析也表明焊料与Cu基体界面的IMC为Cu5Zn8相,比Sn-37Pb焊料具有更高的剪切强度。     

The analysis of the withdrawal force curve of the wetting balancecurve

In order to evaluate the withdrawal force curve that is shown in a typical wetting balance curve, a number of wetting balance tests were conducted in this study using Sn-37%Pb solder and copper plate samples whose shapes and immersion depths were varied for the purpose of this study. In the shape-effect experiment using vertical copper plate samples whose bottom corners were cut out in rectangles, a new step-like section appeared in the downfall segment of the wetting balance curve. According to the depth-effect experiment, the amount of time needed for the curve to reach the pinnacle of the withdrawal force curve increased in proportion to the immersion depths of the plates while the span of time taken for the drop of the curve was not affected by the depth. The decrease of the maximum measured force under the condition of a deeper immersion depth is attributable to the buoyancy force that also increases as the immersion depth gets deeper. It can be concluded from the results that: 1) the ascending profile of the withdrawal force curve in the typical force-time curve represents the sliding of solder on plates; 2) the highest point on the withdrawal force curve stands for the state in which the sliding solder meets the bottom corners of a normal vertical plate     

SnAgCuRE系钎料合金的润湿特性

选择商用水溶性钎剂,以润湿平衡法,研究了SnAgCuRE系钎料合金在表面贴装元器件上的润湿特性。结果表明:当w(RE)为0.1%时,预热15s,255℃钎焊5s,该钎料合金具有最大的润湿力1.510mN和最小的润湿角11.03°,与传统的Sn63Pb37钎料的润湿力相当,可满足表面组装元器件对其润湿性能的要求。     

Sn基钎料与Cu和Al基板的润湿性比较研究

采用润湿平衡法测量了四种Sn基钎料(Sn-37Pb、Sn-3.OAg-0.5Cu、Sn-0.7Cu与Sn-9Zn)分别在250,260和270℃与Cu、Al两种基板的润湿性能.结果表明:钎料与Al基板的润湿时间均比Cu基板长,除Sn-9Zn外,其他三种钎料与Cu基板的润湿力比Al基板大,并且随着温度升高,润湿性能提高,...     

A Comparative Study of Reactive Wetting of Lead and Lead-Free Solders on Cu and (Cu6Sn5/Cu3Sn)/Cu Substrates

Reactive wetting of solders on Cu and Cu₆Sn₅/Cu₃Sn/Cu substrates was investigated using both (1) the wetting balance, and (2) the hot-stage real time, in situ visualization of the triple-line movement. To understand the phenomenology of the spreading behavior better, comprehensive real-time in situ observations were performed. It was found that the wetting time during the wetting balance tests for both the lead solder (63SnPb) and lead-free solder systems (Sn0.7Cu and Sn3.5Ag) is shorter on Cu substrates than it is on Cu₆Sn₅/Cu₃Sn/Cu substrates. The wetting force was not remarkably different on these two substrates for the same solder system. The hot-stage tests indicate a more pronounced spreading of 63Sn-Pb on Cu₆Sn₅/Cu₃Sn/Cu substrates, along with a much larger spreading area. Spreading of lead-free solders in terms of the triple-line kinetics studied by using the hot-stage visualization shows no significant difference in the spreading evolution either over Cu or over Cu₆Sn₅/Cu₃Sn/Cu substrates.