基于BIM平台的绿色办公建筑早期设计决策观念模型

建筑信息模型（BIM）是当今建筑业蓬勃发展的一项数字化建模技术。作为一个建筑的信息共享资源,BIM可以在整个建筑生命周期内给予从业人员有效的设计决策支持。该文选取办公建筑这一常见建筑类型,探讨建立基于BIM技术早期绿色办公建筑设计决策观念模型。该观念模型包括早期设计信息初步模型与优化模型两大阶段模型,结合绿色办公建筑环境性能评价体系和BIM软件在早期设计阶段评估优化设计方案,旨在为建筑师提供准确和便捷的设计决策支持,提高绿色办公建筑设计质量。     

PassivBIM: Enhancing interoperability between BIM and low energy design software

The process of building design is currently undergoing some major changes. In an attempt to mitigate climate change, the design of more sustainable buildings is advocated by the UK government. Furthermore, standalone design methods are being replaced with the concept of Building Information Modelling (BIM). The adoption of BIM has been documented to result in many benefits, which range from time to cost savings. During the initial planning stages, building performance simulation (BPS) can be used to inform design decisions. Data can be exchanged between BIM and BPS tools using data transfer schemas such as the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). The IFC schema lacks an energy domain, and as a result, an extension is proposed in this paper. This contains energy concepts from a BPS tool called Passive House Planning Package (PHPP). The extended schema was developed by way of an externally coupled Java tool, which facilitates the transfer of data, and informs the building design decision-making process. The process of geometry extraction has been validated with several case studies, which are based on certified Passivhaus buildings in Hannover Kronsberg, Germany and Ebbw Vale, Wales. The amount of error is acceptable, and it is mostly due to differences in the initial BIM model setup, not due to the processing of IFC files.     

Requirements for BIM platforms in the concrete reinforcement supply chain

Despite increasing adoption of Building Information Modeling for reinforced concrete, there is a lack of research to identify system requirements for BIM platforms to efficiently perform various activities throughout reinforcement supply chain. In this study, we evaluate current tools' capabilities and performance from this perspective. We first develop the information flow process model for concrete reinforcement over its supply chain. This process model provides the basis to identify the necessary capabilities for BIM tools to efficiently support and improve the entire reinforcement supply chain. The identified capabilities were compared to the implemented capabilities of the major BIM tools supporting the reinforced concrete domain. BIM tools are evaluated in four areas: design and modeling; editing, updating and optimization, interoperability, and project and construction management. This assessment illustrates development trends in the BIM software industry with regard to concrete reinforcement. Recommendations are proposed for future enhancements of BIM platforms to address current shortcomings.     

BIM时代的建筑教育

随着技术和文化的不断进步,建筑信息模型(BIM)促使建筑教育朝着新颖的方向发展。在建筑工作坊中BIM的学习氛围改变了师生之间以及设计沟通上的交流方式。因此BIM代表着思维方式的转变,对当代建筑的大量片段式教育提出了质疑。数字化进程的结果和在建筑教育中引发的思考是深刻的,并促进全新交互模式的产生。以社会网络为基础的社会智力和社会参与,与学习和知识的建构无缝对接,这近似于BIM的工作模式。     

A conceptual framework to support solar PV simulation using an open-BIM data exchange standard

With the construction industry moving rapidly towards Building Information Modelling (BIM), it is essential that various analysis tools used in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) domain are interoperable with a non-proprietary open BIM schema such as the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). The UK government will be requiring fully-collaborative BIM in all public sector projects by 2016 and is also chasing the target of achieving zero-carbon buildings by 2019. This dual target will require the use of renewable energy analysis tools in the early stages of the building design process and establish the need for these tools to be IFC-compliant. This paper presents a conceptual framework for developing IFC-compliant renewable energy simulation tools using a multi-model concept in which the IFC data model provides partial input data required to run simulation models. A prototype has been developed as a ‘proof-of-concept’ for an IFC-compliant solar PV simulation tool. The prototype has been validated against other solar PV simulation tools such as PV*Sol, RETScreen® and HOMER to provide credibility to the simulation model. The developed conceptual framework is applicable not only to solar PV simulation but other renewable energy simulation models as well, thereby making an IFC-compliant renewable energy modelling tool capable of conducting, energy, carbon emissions and financial analysis.     

A BIM based tool for assessing embodied energy for buildings

Assessment of the energy associated with the material production,transportation and construction of buildings provides an opportunity for reducing the use of energy and improving sustainability. Building Information Modeling( BIM) provides a platform to incorporate sustainability information in the design of buildings. How ever,interoperability of BIMw ith Life Cycle Assessment( LCA) tools needs further investigation. Previous research in this area has either partially employed BIM; data wasexported from the main BIMauthoring tool and then auxiliary tools were utilized to evaluate the model,thereby causing a disconnect betw een the model and analysis resulting in non-interoperable systems,or has ignored the importance of retaining the LCA results within the BIMenvironment. To address this issue,this paper presents a framew ork to estimate the embodied energy content within the native BIMenvironment. The implementation of this framew ork is illustrated by the development of a tool for estimation of material embodied energy,transportation energy and construction energy. A prototype of the tool has been implemented on a case project to establish the workability of the framework.     

The project benefits of Building Information Modelling (BIM)

Theoretical developments in Building Information Modelling (BIM) suggest that not only is it useful for geometric modelling of a building's performance but also that it can assist in the management of construction projects. The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which the use of BIM has resulted in reported benefits on a cross-section of construction projects. This exploration is done by collecting secondary data from 35 construction projects that utilised BIM. A set of project success criteria were generated and content analysis was used to establish the extent to which each individual project met a criterion. The most frequently reported benefit related to the cost reduction and control through the project life cycle. Significant time savings were also reported. Negative benefits were mainly focused on the use of BIM software. Cost/benefit analysis, awareness raising and education and training are important activities to address the challenges of BIM usage.     

Implementing ‘Site BIM’: A case study of ICT innovation on a large hospital project

Numerous Building Information Modelling (BIM) tools are well established and potentially beneficial in certain uses. However, issues of adoption and implementation persist, particularly for on-site use of BIM tools in the construction phase. We describe an empirical case-study of the implementation of an innovative ‘Site BIM’ system on a major hospital construction project. The main contractor on the project developed BIM-enabled tools to allow site workers using mobile tablet personal computers to access design information and to capture work quality and progress data on-site. Accounts show that ‘Site BIM’, while judged to be successful and actively supporting users, was delivered through an exploratory and emergent development process of informal prototyping. Technical IT skills were adopted into the construction project through personal relationships and arrangements rather than formal processes. Implementation was driven by construction project employees rather than controlled centrally by the corporate IT function.     

基于BIM的复杂项目群体设计协调管理方式研究—后世博B片区项目群体为例

信息化技术的发展和建筑软件的革新并未从根本上改变传统建设模式, 建筑行业生产效率虽有提升, 但并不显著。本文从这一结论出发, 结合后世博B片区项目群体应用BIM的实际情况, 并依托《后世博大型建筑群体数字化协同管理关键技术研究》课题, 探索复杂项目群体基于BIM的设计协调管理方式。通过分析复杂项目群体建设的难点以及BIM技术应用的优势和特点, 说明引入新技术和管理模式提升效率和提高构筑物品质的重要性和迫切性, 从而进一步地探索基于BIM设计协调管理的方式。     

建筑信息模型（BIM）对设计过程的影响分析

对建筑信息模型（BIM）作了简要概述,重点从可视化、智能化、连续性等多个方面剖析了建筑信息模型对设计工作的影响,克服了传统设计工具的不足,有助于更好地表达设计构思。     

BIM技术助力提升设计质量—可视化设计与模型分析

中国建筑科学研究院建筑设计院从2011年广联达项目开始引入BIM技术, 通过一年的技术培养和经验积累, BIM工程设计中心于2012年3月正式成立。服务包括辅助设计、管线综合、建筑能耗分析、三维虚拟漫游等内容, 并在院内承接《建筑工程三维协同设计形式应用研究》科研课题。中心逐步积累BIM项目实施经验, 积极寻求在传统的建筑设计工作中应用BIM的最佳三维协同设计解决方案。本文将结合项目实际, 分别从BIM可视化设计、BIM模型分析等方面详细阐述BIM应用的内容、方法与主要工具, 介绍三维协同设计过程中的BIM应用探索情况, 并通过归列BIM在项目中的应用效果, 分析其应用价值, 得出结论。     

e-BIM: a BIM-centric design and analysis software for Building Integrated Photovoltaics

Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) has gained large popularity in recent years. However, its effective design remains challenging. Different but often related design concerns regarding BIPV are normally treated, in the current practice, in multiple but separated design phases with different models and tools. The complexities in maintaining the consistency between those models employed in separated phases make seamless PV and building integration, one of the major concerns of BIPV design, far from satisfying. To this end, this paper proposes a uniform BIPV design platform: e-BIM, which is a BIM (Building Information Modelling) - centric BIPV design and analysis software platform, to address the related design concerns via one uniform data model. The concept of domain-specific models is introduced to allow the external PV-related models to be integrated into the uniform model. To simplify model synchronization problem, the domain-specific views corresponding to specific domains are provided to designers and meanwhile a synchronization engine is developed to automate data consistency among views and the uniform model. The current prototype is developed based on Autodesk® Revit and tested in a practical BIPV application. The results show that this platform achieves seamless BIPV design for architects, PV system designers and electricity professionals. Moreover, compared to the initial BIPV design, the photovoltaic system cost is reduced by 11.7% and the transmission losses by 2.95%.     

BIM技术在设计中的应用实现BIM技术在设计中的应用实现

近年来BIM（建筑信息模型）技术应用越来越受到国内外建筑设计公司的关注,国内知名设计院也都纷纷成立BIM技术团队。笔者根据其多年从事BIM培训、咨询等推广工作的经验,针对设计院在推广应用BIM技术过程中普遍遇到的问题和困难,明确指出设计院的BIM应用推广是一个长期的循序渐进的过程,而不是简单的学习一个软件工具。需要有周密的实施规划,同时需要BIM咨询团队介入,帮助设计院掌握设计工具与项目特点相结合的应用方法,才能事半功倍。     

向着“IDP-BIM”框架体系转变：“可持续性发展之屋”的实例研究

IDP和BIM已经被公认为是解决建筑行业离散化问题的两个途径。然而要实施新的方法和工具,需要在设计实践中采取重大变革。本篇表述了一个研究项目中的一部分,该项目的最终目标是开发一种新型的知识体系,即IDP-BIM框架体系。本文着重阐述了在该背景下所实施的案例研究,包括对一座高性能建筑——位于蒙特利尔的＂可持续性发展之屋（HSD）＂的设计程序进行的族群观察,并探讨了拟定的可持续性策略的针对性。该实例研究的另一个尝试是在由专业人士团队完成设计后,采用BIM技术对设计过程进行了＂逆向工程＂设计。本文展现了这部分实例研究的成果,旨在为综合建模确定一个最佳数字环境和顺畅的工作流程。为全面表达项目,我们首先建立了该建筑的BIM模型（基于Revi软件）。然后,我们为规划、施工过程的成本估算模拟、被动式太阳热能和照明模拟进行了性能和互操作性测试。本实例研究的结果涵盖了以下方面Revit软件在设计最初阶段的可用性;主BIM模型的互操作性和数据交换能力,模拟结果的一致性。我们还为可持续性发展之屋的设计者提供了一些建议。工作流程的研究结果也丰富了＂IDP-BIM＂模型框架体系。     

Building information modelling framework: A research and delivery foundation for industry stakeholders

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is an expansive knowledge domain within the Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Operations (AECO) industry. To allow a systematic investigation of BIM's divergent fields, its knowledge components must be defined and expanding boundaries delineated. This paper explores some of the publicly available international guidelines and introduces the BIM Framework, a research and delivery foundation for industry stakeholders. This is a ‘scene-setting’ paper identifying many conceptual parts (fields, stages, steps and lenses), providing examples of their application and listing some of the Framework's deliverables. This paper also identifies and deploys visual knowledge models and a specialised ontology to represent domain concepts and their relations.     

An optimisation process to motivate effective adoption of BIM for refurbishment of complex buildings in New Zealand

Despite the multidisciplinary networks involved in refurbishment of complex building projects, the lack of BIM adoption signifies lack of real BIM benefits towards acceptance of BIM within Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC).To this end, this study empirically examines the potential real benefits between traditional network and BIM network for a real-time refurbishment case study project, through agent-based simulation modelling. A social network analysis theory is adapted to model the project interaction networks and a BIM prototype network. An assessment of the main stakeholders for BIM perception is carried out. We offered three prototype interaction networks for comparison of real BIM benefit.An agent-based Bayesian network model is used to simulate the propagation of design error within the project networks. The result of the analysis show that BIM project diffuses error efficiently, while stakeholders recovers faster and nearly at the same time than traditional network. The optimised network shows better performance to the traditional network, when there is early involvement of subcontractors. The main contribution of this study is providing a novel approach to compare real benefits for traditional method to BIM method for refurbishment project and to provide avenue for project stakeholders to optimise their interaction through adoption of BIM.     

A BIM-based approach for automated tower crane layout planning

Tower crane layout design and planning within construction site is a common construction technical issue, and is regarded as a complex combinatorial problem. Previous research focused on utilising either mathematical methods or visualisation tools to find an optimal tower crane layout plan. Both these two approaches require large amounts of manual data input by the layout planners, which is time-consuming and not very practical in industry. The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated approach which combines Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Firefly Algorithm (FA) to automatically generate an optimal tower crane layout plan. Firstly, BIM is utilised to provide inputs for the mathematical model. Then the FA is used to determine the optimal locations of tower cranes and supply points. Finally, the optimal tower crane layout scheme will be visualised and evaluated through BIM-based simulation. A practical case is selected to demonstrate the proposed approach. The final result is promising and demonstrates the practical value of this approach.     

Automatic reconstruction of 3D building models from scanned 2D floor plans

The overall energy efficiency of existing buildings has to be significantly improved to comply with emerging regulations and to contribute to overcoming current environmental challenges. Many policies aim at accelerating the renovation rate. The effectiveness of renovation actions could be significantly improved through the systematic use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) tools and Building Information Modeling (BIM). But these solutions rely on full-fledged digital models, which, for most buildings, are not available. The present article introduces a research work aiming at the development of methods for the generation of 3D building models from 2D plans. The developed prototype is able to extract information from 2D plans and to generate IFC (Industry Foundation Classes)-compliant 3D models that include the main components of the building: walls, openings, and spaces. The article also presents the results of a quantitative assessment of the platform capabilities and performances, relying on a database of 90 real architectural floor plans. The results are very promising and show that such solutions could be key components of future digital toolkits for renovation design.     

LicA: A BIM based automated code-checking application for water distribution systems

Recent advances in Building Information Modeling (BIM) technologies have resulted in a rising demand for real applications of this kind of tools, in addition to the usual standard functions. Building design code-checking is a task that has been found to be suitable for automation, allowing for swifter, more rigorous and transparent procedures.This paper presents research conducted at the University of Porto that has resulted in an original method and a software application for the automated code-checking of building water network designs. Although the methods are based on the main Portuguese regulations, they may be adapted to other countries.The paper presents a review of the core principles behind BIM-based automated code-checking, and discusses the role of the IFC model as a viable format for the exchange of data in a code-checking system, as well as current international automated code-checking initiatives.The authors conclude that automated code-checking procedures can be feasibly implemented in the short term in some domains, and that they may provide a significant incentive towards widespread BIM adoption.     

Integrating BIM and gaming for real-time interactive architectural visualization

This paper presents our findings of current applications of computer games in design visualization and education, and our solution to address interoperability between games and building models to enhance architectural visualization and education. We demonstrate our BIM-Game prototype that integrates Building Information Modelling (BIM) and gaming into architectural visualization. Our system supports an innovative Design-Play process that allows designers to play in their own designed environments with the capability for simulations of physical dynamics and user activities. The implementation of this BIM-Game provides a variety of connections among several fields including architecture, engineering, computer science, visualization, and game development. These connections bridge diverse areas such as building modelling, equipment simulation and visualization, character modelling and animation, collision detection, navigation, path planning, materials and lighting, and interaction through game controllers and user interfaces. The paper presents a framework for integrating BIM and games, and a sample experiment of real-time, interactive, and photorealistic walkthrough with a virtual user model to demonstrate the use and the potentials of the framework. We expect this research to extend the study and adaptability of computer games in design education.