基于共同向量的非常态语音说话人识别算法

针对预先给定参数求解共同向量所存在的不足,提出了一种基于共同向量的非常态语音说话人识别算法,首先,通过系统识别率自适应调整求解共同向量的参数;然后,将系统识别率最高的参数视为最优参数,为测试语音提取共同向量,并用SVM分类器进行非常态语音说话人分类。实验结果表明：该算法所提取的共同向量,对轻微感冒语音说话人识别率为85.4%,比对特征不进行处理的GMM算法、SVM和结合共同向量的GMM算法的识别率分别提高了16.9%、15.2%和3.2%。     

基于对抗不变性解散的说话人识别

为提高说话人识别模型的性能,论文提出一种新颖的方法来提取具有鲁棒性的说话人可区分性特征.该方法将说话人映射到两个较低维度的嵌入空间,通过解散对抗和注意力机制,其中一个嵌入空间完成从语音信号的所有其他信息中解散出说话人相关信息,而另一个嵌入空间捕获所有其他无关的干扰因素.实验结果表明,在TIMIT数据集的两类实验设置中,...     

一种使用声调映射码本的汉语声音转换方法

在使用高斯混合模型实现说话人语音频谱包络变换的同时,提出了一种汉语声调码本映射技术来进一步提高转换语音目标说话人特征倾向性的方法。从源语音和目标语音分别提取汉语单音节的基频曲线作为基频变换单元,作预处理和聚类后分别形成源、目标声调码本,根据时间对准原则建立了一个由源特征空间到目标特征空间的声调模式映射码本。声音转换实验评估了声调码本映射算法的性能。实验结果表明,该算法较好地反映出源说话人与目标说话人基频曲线之间的映射关系,改善了声音转换性能。     

基于聚类分析与说话人识别的语音跟踪

目前语音跟踪在说话人干扰的条件下,即一段语音中存在多个说话人的混合语音信号时,语音跟踪质量会严重下降。针对这种情况,提出一种基于聚类分析与说话人识别的语音跟踪算法。算法首先使用改进的聚类分析方法进行语音分离,具体包括在K-means聚类中对质心进行缓存并降低采样率,以及在embedding特征空间引入正则项。其次,算法采用GMM-UBM说话人模型进行语音跟踪。实验结果表明改进的聚类分析方法可以有效提高算法的实时性及其语音分离质量,GMM-UBM模型在3 s语音的测试中具有84%的识别率。     

面向多人语音识别的对话系统研究

针对传统英语对话系统受环境噪声影响，出现多人混合语音分离现象，造成多人英语语音识别和对话效果降低的问题，提出一种基于深度学习的语音增强和传统阵列信号处理的多人英语语音分离系统。首先，采用基于长短时记忆网络LSTM的多目标语音增强算法捕捉英语语音序列的长时特性；然后建立一个两阶段的单通道多人语音分离框架提取目标说话人语音；最后将提取语音与阵列算法进行融合，并通过空间信息实现目标说话人英语语音精确估计。结果表明，相较于DNN-DM模型和LSTM-IRM模型，提出的LSTM-DM模型的信噪比指标明显更高，此模型的平均PESQ由2.66提升至2.95,增益为0.074%。由此说明，LSTM-DM模型的英语语音去噪和语音增强效果更好。提出的特定说话人前端系统的英语语音对话词错误率为65.3%,对比于Officoal Beamformlt系统和CGMM3Mask Fusion模型下降了14.6%和5.1%。说明此系统可实现多人混合英语语音分离，具备一定的有效性。     

采用STRAIGHT模型和深度信念网络的语音转换方法

提出一种将STRAIGHT模型和深度信念网络DBN相结合实现语音转换的方式。首先,通过STRAIGHT模型提取出源说话人和目标说话人的语音频谱参数,用提取的频谱参数分别训练两个DBN得到语音高阶空间的个性特征信息;然后,用人工神经网络ANN将两个具有高阶特征的空间连接并进行特征转换;最后,用基于目标说话人数据训练出的DBN来对转换后的特征信息进行逆处理得到语音频谱参数,并用STRAIGHT模型合成具有目标说话人个性化特征的语音。实验结果表明,采用此种方式获得的语音转换效果要比传统的采用GMM实现语音转换更好,转换后的语音音质和相似度与目标语音更接近。     

联合总变率空间和时延神经网络的说话人识别

在短语音环境下,总变率空间对语音概率分布估计不足,导致说话人识别性能下降.针对上述问题,提出一种基于总变率空间和时延神经网络(TDNN)的增强说话人身份向量的方法.目的 是学习总变率空间和时延神经网络的线性相关性,同时提取说话人嵌入向量并投影在新的空间上,组合成新的说话人超向量来增强说话人信息.训练阶段,分别训练总变率...     

多说话人环境下目标说话人语音提取方案

于目标声源的方位信息与非线性时频掩蔽语音欠定盲分离方法和BP说话人识别技术的研究基础上,针对现实生活中多说话人交流场景,设计并提出了一种行之有效的解决方案,实现了对处于任意方位的任意目标说话人语音的提取.该方案总体上分目标语音搜索与提取两个阶段,搜索阶段采用了BP说话人识别技术,提取阶段采用了一种改进的势函数聚类声源方位信息与非线性时频掩蔽的语音欠定盲分离方法.实验结果表明:该方案具有可行性,可从混合语音流中有效提取处于任意方位的目标说话人语音,且效果较好,信噪比增益平均为8.68dB,相似系数为85%,识别率为61%,运行时间为20.6S.     

鲁棒的特定人语音分离算法

特定人语音分离算法是指从包含多种说话人同时讲话场景的混合语音中,通过一个特征向量的引导来分离出特定说话人的语音。特征向量的获取通常有两种方式,一种是使用一组自定义的正交独热（one-hot）向量,该方法可以在训练过程中达到更好的训练效果,但是无法处理训练过程中未见过的说话人;另一种方法是使用一个分类网络自适应地生成具有说话人特征的嵌入式向量（embedding）,该做法会因为分类网络的误差而损失一部分训练效果,但是可以在集外说话人的样本上取得较好的泛化效果。为了解决在特定人语音分离算法用单独使用one-hot或embedding作为特征向量存在的不足之处,提出了一种鲁棒的特定人语音分离方法,通过在训练过程中交替地使用one-hot向量和embedding作为目标说话人的身份特征向量,将one-hot和embedding映射到公共空间中,可以在保证训练效果的同时,增强对集外说话人的泛化能力。实验结果表明,在使用了这种混合训练方法之后,对于测试集中的集外说话人分离效果上SDR提升超过了10 dB。     

基于GMM的说话人识别算法的研究与应用

说话人识别是根据检测到的语音进行说话人身份的认证．是将待识别语音与数据库中的说话人语音进行匹配的过程。设计基于高斯混合模型（GMM）说话人识别系统,提取输入语音的Mel倒谱系数作为观察向量,用GMM算法进行说话人语音模型训练和识别。同时设计基于TMS320DM3730DSP的嵌入式硬件平台,并在该平台上实现所设计的说话人识别系统。为进行性能测试,自行录制相应的语音材料库,录音的人数为38人,其中男19人,女19人。经测试表明,在正常环境下．该设计的说话人系统识别率可达到95％以上。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.