小型准直式红外地球模拟器研究

地球模拟器是卫星姿态测量控制关键部件—摆动扫描式红外地球敏感器的一种重要地面模拟试验与精度标定仪器。本文针对卫星同步轨道高度(35786km),采用准直式方案,研制了一种口径为Φ150mm的准直式红外地球模拟器,它能提供17.46°的地球张角,实现了地面上模拟卫星在太空中所看到的地球。文中详细介绍了准直式红外地球模拟器的组成和总体结构,采用红外光学技术,设计了锗准直透镜,通过理论分析得出地球光阑、热地球位置和大小与地球张角、锗准直透镜光学参数之间的关系,为地球模拟器的研制提供了设计依据。地球张角是衡量地球模拟器精度的指标,通过实验对地球张角进行了测试,结果表明地球张角误差小于±0.05°。     

光纤阵列准直器设计及其发散角测量

传统基于单个固定折射率透镜和渐变式折射率透镜制备光纤阵列准直器的方法,存在阵元数扩展困难、封装工艺复杂且集成化困难等缺点。利用光学微透镜易阵列化且阵元特性一致性好等优点,提出了基于平凸微透镜阵列制备光纤阵列准直器的方法。根据高斯光学和矩阵光学理论,对光纤阵列准直器的准直特性进行了理论分析和仿真,确定了光纤阵列准直器的相关设计参数,据此加工制备了四阵元一维排布光纤阵列准直器,其阵元间距为250 μm。通过远场光斑法对光纤阵列准直器的主要性能参数远场发散角进行了测量,并采用蒙特卡洛法对测量不确定度进行了分析与评定。光纤阵列准直器各通道远场发散角的测量值分别为0.69°,0.67°,0.71°,0.68°,测量扩展不确定度为0.02°,该测量结果在设计容差(0.68±0.03)°之内。该光纤阵列准直器具有良好的准直特性,能够满足光纤通信系统中光纤阵列准直器小型化和集成化的需求。     

高轨道准直式红外地球模拟器光学系统设计

为了提高红外地球敏感器的地面测试与标定精度,以地球模拟器能够精确达到技术指标为目的,对地球模拟器光学系统进行研究。在光学系统中将地球光阑放于锗准直透镜的焦平面附近,使得通过地球光阑的光入射到锗准直透镜后,以平行光出射到红外地球敏感器上。同时根据卫星在同步轨道、更高轨道和较低轨道所使用的红外地球敏感器地面标定试验的需求,采用更换地球光阑的方案,提供了三种不同的地球张角。计算结果表明,地球模拟器边缘处成像清晰,且三种不同轨道的地球张角误差均小于±0.05°。该方案设计的地球模拟器可准确在地面上模拟卫星在太空中所看到的地球,满足了地球模拟器的整体性能要求。     

基于Zemax的C-lens光纤准直器点精度分析

为了解决市场对小点精度光纤准直器的日益增长要求,通过运用高斯光学和几何光学理论,使用Zemax软件对C-lens准直器进行建模,给出了不同的因素对光纤准直器点精度的影响规律。从实际产品和生产工艺角度出发,在透镜焦距为1.91 mm的限定条件下,分析了元件角度、透镜球面偏心、C透镜长度、C透镜材质的改变对点精度的影响规律。模拟的结果表明：当元件的角度为0°时,点精度为0°;当透镜球面偏心为0 mm,且没有角度影响时,光纤准直器的点精度为0°;当C透镜的长度正好等于0.25P时,点精度达到最小值0°;当C透镜材质为Silica时,点精度达最小值为0.38°。将分析结果结合工业生产工艺指标进行了讨论,提出了实际应用改善的方向。通过案例分析,提出了点精度优化0.45°的方向,Zemax模拟平均值为0.95°,样品测试平均值为0.76°,结果表明Zemax对光纤准直器的点精度分析具有一定的指导意义。     

阵列4×1准直光源关键技术研究

针对4×1透镜模块离线标定位形需要,建立准直光源及模型,应用Talbot效应来检测光束准直度。基于"两点确定一条直线"和"阵列思想"建立起4×1基准线,使4准直光源光轴与4基准线重合,提出阵列4×1准直光源模型。为实现阵列4×1准直光源,构建准直光源光轴位形调整量解析模型,并对准直光源光轴位形调整过程进行规划。     

LD准直透镜光能耦合效率与波差的理论分析

ＬＤ准直透镜光能耦合效率与波差的理论分析陈海清，阮玉，常洋燕（华中理工大学）０引言激光二级管发射的光束是发散的，需经过椭圆光束准直，整形及象散校正，从而获得发散度小准直度高的光束，同时还要考虑系统的光能利用效率与波差问题。准直透镜的作用是把ＬＤ所发出...     

半导体激光器光束的准直设计

利用计算机仿真,设计了相互垂直的椭圆截面柱透镜组来准直半导体激光束。两个椭圆截面柱透镜分别对半导体激光器两个方向的光束进行准直,采用自适应加权和法进行优化计算,结果可达到50μrad量级的发散角,同时也可在远场形成圆形光斑。     

准直离焦法测量短焦透镜的焦距

首先分析了常规Moire偏转术测量透镜焦距的局限,提出了用准直离焦与Moire偏转术相结合的方法测量短焦透镜的焦距,给出了两组透镜的测试计算结果,讨论了测量方法的原理性误差。     

基于微透镜阵列生成特定矩形光斑的TIR组合透镜设计与仿真

LED功率的不断增大使其逐渐替代传统光源,并广泛用于各种照明光源。在某些室内照明以及道路照明设计中,通常需要借助LED透镜产生矩形光斑从而充分利用光能避免浪费。利用Light Tools软件设计了一种全内反射(total internal reflection,TIR)透镜与特定微型透镜阵列的组合透镜,设置TIR准直透镜透射曲面和全反射曲面为二次曲面,并对其进行准直优化。然后建立单个微型透镜,设置单个矩形微透镜长宽比分别为1∶1、3∶2和4∶3,并将其阵列化。通过改变微型透镜的尺寸以及球面曲率半径进行进一步优化,最后生成与微型透镜长宽比对应的均匀矩形光斑,从而满足不同矩形照明区域的照明需求。     

微型透镜元件的最新动向

一、前言微型透镜元件在光通信领域中的应用最初是作为半导体激光器与光纤耦合的耦合透镜而发展起来的。最近,随着光盘等在信息记录再现领域中的应用迅速扩展,物镜和准直透镜作为光敏元件开始得到大量使用。因此,     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.