基于FPGA的正交数字混频器中数控振荡器的设计与实现

本文介绍了一种利用矢量旋转CORDIC(COordination Rotation Digital Computer）算法实现正交数字混频器中的数控振荡器(NCO)的方法。首先推导了CORDIC算法产生正／余弦信号的实现过程，然后给出了在FPGA中设计数控振荡器的顶层电路结构，并根据算法特点在设计中引入流水线结构设计。     

直接数字频率合成器的设计及FPGA实现

直接数字频率合成器(DDS)通常使用查表的方法实现相位和幅值的转换，文章介绍了一种基于CORDIC算法的DDS。CORDIC算法在三角函数合成上有着广泛的用途，作者从DDS的一般结构和CORDIC算法的基本原理出发．深入探讨了基于CORDIC算法的DDS各部件的结构和FPGA实现。     

基于CORDIC算法的数字鉴频方法及其在FPGA中的实现

本文给出了一种适合FPGA实现的基于CORDIC(Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer)算法的数字鉴频方法.首先讨论了利用CORDIC算法进行数字鉴相和一阶差分数字鉴频的原理,然后分别给出在FPGA中实现CORDIC算法的流水结构和迭代结构,通过与XILINX自带CORDIC IPCore资源利用情况的比较及FPGA仿真结果表明,基于CORDIC算法的迭代结构和一阶差分实现数字鉴频的方法是高效可行的.     

基于CORDIC算法的DDS实现

直接数字频率合成(DDS)技术在软件无线电方面有着广泛的应用,而坐标旋转数字计算方法(Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer,CORDIC)通过移位和加减运算代替乘法运算是构造DDS的一种理想的手段。介绍了CORDIC算法的基本原理,采用流水线方法对CORDIC算法进行了设计实现,用以取代传统的ROM查找表法。实验验证,基于CORDIC算法的DDS满足高速、高精度、高分辨率和实时运算的要求。     

基于CORDIC算法的高速高精度NCO的FPGA设计

介绍一种利用矢量旋转的CORDIC(Coordination Rotation DIgital Computer)算法,相比较传统NCO采用的查找表算法,证明查找表算法运算速度已不适用于高速宽带数字接收机以及扩频通信的应用,为了实现高速正交数字混频器中的数控振荡器(NCO),采用CORDIC算法产生正余弦信号的实现过程,给出采用ALTERA的stratix系列FPGA中设计数控振荡器的顶层设计结构以及仿真结果,证明基于此算法采用FPGA的可行性设计.     

一种CORDIC算法的精度分析及其在FFT设计中的应用

针对CORDIC算法的精度问题进行了理论分析，首先研究了CORDIC算法中旋转级数、操作数位宽与精度的关系，并将这一结果实际应用于FFT算法的FPGA设计实现中。经实际验证，这种分析的结果是合理的，可作为设计过程中选取旋转级数和操作数数据位宽的参考。     

基于CORDIC算法的数字下变频器

提出一种基CORDIC算法的数字下变频实现方法。首先介绍了CORDIC算法的基本原理，然后讨论了数字下变频中本地数字压控振荡器的CORDIC算法实现。由于采用算法到结构的映射思想，使得该算法能成功地用FPGA来实现，并得到了实践验证。     

基于折叠变换的CORDIC算法实现

在现代数字信号处理领域中,CORDIC算法是一种重要的数学计算方法。该算法采用一种迭代的方式,运算简便,被广泛应用于乘除法、开方以及一些三角函数运算当中。但CORDIC算法需要较高的迭代级数以保证运算精度,在进行FPGA实现时仍然会消耗较多的硬件逻辑资源。为进一步减少CORDIC算法实现时的资源消耗,设计并实现了一种基于折叠变换的CORDIC算法。相比传统的流水结构CORDIC算法,该折叠结构的CORDIC算法消耗的硬件资源大大减少。文中给出了这一方法的实现结构,并给出了仿真结果。     

高性能HPOR CORDIC算法及实现

CORDIC算法在通信和图像处理等各个领域有着广泛的应用,但是浮点CORDIC由于迭代延时大且实现复杂没有得到很好的应用,本文提出了一种修正浮点CORDIC算法：高精度顺序迭代HPORCORDIC。该算法以接近定点的运算代价完成浮点运算迭代,运算速度和硬件实现规模与定点CORDIC相当,运算精度与浮点CORDIC相当,克服了定点CORDIC运算精度差,浮点CORDIC迭代延时大、实现复杂的问题。该算法既可用于通用微处理器的设计,也可用于高性能DSP的设计。     

一种基于贪婪算法的CORDIC改进算法

针对传统串行坐标旋转数字计算方法(CORDIC)耗时且占用较多资源的缺点,提出了一种旋转模式下CORDIC算法的新型改进算法,该改进算法可用来代替直接数字频率合成器(DDS)查找表进行正余弦的计算。通过采用贪婪算法实现对CORDIC旋转方向与旋转角度的优化,从而可以达到串行转并行和减少迭代次数、节约资源的目的。该算法可以应用于三角函数的复杂函数的硬件实现中。仿真结果表明,在迭代次数相同的情况下,改进算法较传统算法可以获得更高的精度。最后,在Xilinx FPGA的Spartan-3E芯片上实现了改进的CORDIC结构。与传统CORDIC算法相比,在运算精度为10-5时,可以节省Slices、LUTs(Look Up Tables)资源分别为28%和25%。     

聚对苯撑苯并双(口恶)唑发光及其器件制备

采用光谱技术,研究了聚对苯撑苯并双(口恶)唑(PBO)溶液的光敏发光特性,并用相对法估算出溶液发光效率在50%范围.结合光谱技术、半导体电学和电化学等研究手段,具体研究了以PBO为发光层的单层电致发光器件,研究结果显示,电致发光与薄膜的光致发光有具有相同的发光中心,峰值位于510 nm左右.同时发现,由于存制备过程中不同处理条件使得不同厚度薄膜残留的掺杂物质浓度不同,从而引起薄膜的导电性的不同.使得器件的阈值场强随PBO厚度的减小而逐渐增加.     

系统级封装新型埋入式电源滤波结构的研究

在高密度小尺寸的系统级封装(SiP)中,对供电系统的完整性要求越来越高,多芯片共用一个电源网路所产生的电压抖动除了会影响到芯片的正常工作,还会通过供电网路干扰到临近电路和其他敏感电路,导致芯片误动作,以及信号完整性和其他电磁干扰问题.这种电压抖动所占频带相当宽,几百MHz到几个GHz的中频电源噪声普通方法很难去除.结合埋入式电容和电源分割方法的特点,提出一种新型高性能埋入式电源低通滤波结构直接替代电源/地平面.研究表明,在0.65～4GHz的频带内隔离深度可达-40～75 dB,电源阻抗均在0.25ohm以下,实现了宽频高隔离度的高性能滤波作用.分别用电磁场和广义传输线两种仿真器模拟,高频等效电路模型分析这种低通滤波器的工作原理以及结构对隔离性能的影响,并进行了实验验证.     

Emerging interconnects: a state-of-the-art review and emerging solutions

Aluminium was a primary material for interconnection in integrated circuits (ICs) since their inception. Later, copper was introduced as interconnect material which has better metallic conductivity and resistance to electromigration. As the aggressive technology scaling continues, the copper resistivity increased because of size effects, which causes increase in delay, power dissipation and electromigration. The need to reduce the resistor-capacitor??????? delay, dynamic power utilisation and the crosstalk commotion is as of now the fundamental main impetus behind the presentation of new materials. The purpose of this paper is to do a survey of interconnect material used in IC from introduction of ICs to till date. This paper studies and reviews new materials available for interconnect application which are optical interconnects, carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and silicon nanowires which are alternatives to copper. While doing a survey of interconnect material, it is found that multiwalled CNTs, multilayer GNR and mixed CNT bundles are promising candidates and are ultimate choice that can strongly address the problems faced by copper but on integration basis copper would last for coming years.     

Arsenic deposition as a precursor layer on silicon (211) and (311) surfaces

We investigate the properties of arsenic (As) covered Si(211) and Si(311) surfaces by analyzing data from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) images. We then create a model using total surface energy calculations. It was found that both Si(211) and Si(311) had 0.68±0.08 surface As coverage. Si(211) had 0.28±0.04 Te coverage and Si(311) had 0.24±0.04 Te coverage. The Si(211) surface replaces the terrace and trench Si atoms with As for a lower surface energy, while the Si edge atoms form dimers. The Si(311) surface replaces all terrace atoms and adsorbs an As dimer every other edge site. These configurations imply an improvement in the mean migration path from the bare silicon surface by allowing the impinging atoms for the next epitaxial layer, tellurium (Te), to bind at every other pair of edge atoms, and not the step terrace sites. This would ensure a nonpolar, B-face growth.     

光子晶体微腔发光二极管

光子晶体微腔因其具有增强自发辐射、定向输出和单模工作的能力而受到广泛关注。介绍了光子晶体微腔发光二极管的基本原理、设计、特性、制作及其典型器件。     

Comparative study of maximum power point tracking techniques for hybrid renewable energy system

The power generation demand is increasing day-by-day throughout the world, therefore, the use of hybrid systems becomes a significant solution. The hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) is used for delivering power in various regions in order to overcome intermittence of wind and solar resources. Because of increasing environmental problems, for example, greenhouse gas emission and energy cost have interested novel research into substitute methods in favour of electrical power generation. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control method is a vast deal of novel research used for enhancing the efficiency of HRES. The authors have revealed that the hybrid techniques i.e. Global MPPT, fuzzy-neuro systems, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Perturbed and Observe (P&O) + Adaptive Neural Network (ANN) etc. can provide best results as compared to other MPPT control methods. This paper offering a state of art review of MPPT control techniques for HRES.     

用于单光子TOF测量的时间-幅度变换器

基于新型共源共栅电流源的积分方法,设计了一种用于单光子飞行时间(TOF)测量的时间-幅度变换器(TAC).该方法有效简化了 TAC电路结构,减小了 TAC占用面积,显著提高了TOF的满量程范围(FSR).采用0.18 μm标准CMOS工艺设计.集成TAC的单光子探测器像素单元的填充因子可达到26.8％.后仿真结果表明,...     

Joint estimation of TOA and DOA in IR-UWB system using a successive propagator method

Impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) ranging and positioning require accurate estimation of time-of-arrival (TOA) and direction-of-arrival (DOA). With receiver of two antennas, both of the TOA and DOA parameters can be estimated via two-dimensional (2D) propagator method (PM), in which the 2D spectral peak searching, however, renders much higher computational complexity. This paper proposes a successive PM algorithm for joint TOA and DOA estimation in IR-UWB system to avoid 2D spectral peak searching. The proposed algorithm firstly gets the initial TOA estimates in the two antennas from the propagation matrix, then utilises successively one-dimensional (1D) local searches to achieve the estimation of TOAs in the two antennas, and finally obtains the DOA estimates via the difference in the TOAs between the two antennas. The proposed algorithm, which only requires 1D local searches, can avoid the high computational cost in 2D-PM algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can obtain automatically paired parameters and has better joint TOA and DOA estimation performance than conventional PM algorithm, estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques algorithm and matrix pencil algorithm. Meanwhile, it has very close parameter estimation to that of 2D-PM algorithm. We have also derived the mean square error of TOA and DOA estimation of the proposed algorithm and the Cramer-Rao bound of TOA and DOA estimation in this paper. The simulation results verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.     

超宽带脉冲信号的光学生成方法研究

近年来超宽带(UWB)通信技术迅猛发展,在测量、雷达技术、民用和军事无线通信中有着重要的应用,UWB-over-fiber技术已经成为目前研究的热点,其中就包括UWB脉冲信号的产生方法。区别于传统的电子学方法,光子学产生方法不受电子瓶颈制约,可以实现很高的带宽,并且具有抗电磁干扰、重量轻、结构紧凑的优点。通过对比国内外本领域研究成果,讨论及总结了以下三种原理的UWB脉冲信号的光学生成方法:1)相位调制-强度调制转换(PM-IM);2)半导体光放大器(SOA)的非线性效应;3)频谱塑形和色散所致频域-时域映射,然后对各种方案进行了对比分析。     

多孔硅发光机制的分析

从量子力学的基本理论出发讨论了量子限制效应，推导出多孔硅有效禁带宽度增量并用量子限制效应和表面态及其物质在发光中作用的理论解释了ＰＳ光致发光的实验现象。