正交试验设计在TA2筒形件拉深成形过程中的应用

研究了TA2筒形件的拉深成形过程,对无压边圈情况下拉深成形的5个因素(凹模入口圆角、凸凹模间隙、模具与板坯之间润滑系数、凸模圆角、坯料直径)进行了有限元数值模拟及其正交试验,提出了采用成形后板坯最大厚度与最小厚度之差Δt的概念来作为描述零件成形结果的评价标准,且论证了采用该评价标准的合理性。对试验结果进行了直观分析和方差分析,得出了各因素对拉深成形过程的影响次序及显著性。     

基于DYNAFORM的筒形件拉深成形数值模拟技术

应用数值模拟技术对金属板料成形规律进行研究越来越受到重视。对影响筒形件拉深成形的主要因素压边力、凹模圆角半径、凸模圆角半径、摩擦系数进行了分析,并研究了单元技术、求解格式、本构关系等金属板料成形模拟中的关键技术。应用DYNAFORM数值模拟软件,对筒形件的两道次拉深成形四种主要因素的工艺参数进行了模拟优化。模拟结果分析表明,各因素对金属板料拉深系数影响的主次顺序在不同拉深道次下是不相同的,不能一概而论,与实验结果基本吻合。     

筒形件颗粒软凹模拉深成形试验研究

分析了颗粒软凹模成形的工艺特点,设计了筒形件颗粒软凹模拉深成形试验模具,对筒形件颗粒软凹模拉深成形进行了试验研究,成形出了质量良好的圆筒零件.颗粒软凹模拉深成形零件各部分的厚度均减小,而且随着拉深高度的增加,减薄量增大.与刚性模具拉深工艺相比,该工艺可有效提高板材的拉深成形极限.颗粒软凹模拉深成形和刚性模具拉深筒形件各部位表面微观形貌的对比分析表明:颗粒软凹模成形可抑制凸模圆角区域微裂纹的产生.     

镁合金薄板差温拉深模具设计

针对镁合金板材室温拉深性能差的问题,通过分析拉深变形过程中坯料不同部位的应力及摩擦状况,提出采用差温拉深工艺和不同的模具工作表面粗糙度。设计了镁合金差温拉深成形模具。实践表明,与坯料变形区接触的压边圈和凹模部位设置加热系统使其温度控制在(200~235)℃、用循环水冷却凹模筒壁及凸模使传力区保持室温状态,模具凸模表面粗糙度数值为Ra1.6um、凹模和压边圈表面的表面粗糙度数值为Ra0.4um,AZ31B镁合金薄板极限拉深比从2.09提高到3.05。     

加载路径对汽车顶盖充液拉深成形影响数值模拟

板材充液拉深（hydromechanical deep drawing,HDD）是在拉深凹模中以一定压力液体作为传力介质代替刚性凹模传递载荷,使坯料在液体压力作用下贴靠凸模拟实现金属板材零件的成形。与传统拉深工艺相比,板料成形性显著提高,成形表面质量好,模具寿命长。随着成形设备和相关技术的发展,充液拉深工艺被广泛应用于汽车、飞机制造业。     

基于正交试验和能量转换的精密级进模多步拉深成形研究

应用正交试验方法,采用Dynaform对精密级进模多步拉深成形进行有限元数值模拟。结合能量转换原理,研究各步拉深中凹、凸模圆角半径、拉深高度以及压边力等工艺参数对成形件厚度和回弹的影响,并找出各因素影响的主次顺序。以射频(RF)连接器的壳件为例,通过上述方法优化各步成形参数,用以指导模具设计。     

摩擦保持对充液拉深成形作用的仿真分析

通过非线性有限元软件DYNAFORM对具体不同摩擦系数凸模的充液拉深过程进行数值模拟,结果表明:凸模摩擦系数会影响充液拉深过程中成形件的壁厚均匀性,摩擦系数越大,摩擦保持效果越好,成形件的减薄率越小,壁厚分布越均匀。     

基于Autoform的轿车引擎盖板冲压成形仿真的研究

介绍了轿车引擎盖零件冲压成形仿真的研究背景,详细论述了板料冲压成形数值模拟的理论和主要步骤.以典型轿车引擎覆盖件为研究对象,以三维成形分析软件Autoform为平台,研究了板科与凸模、凹模的摩擦、压边力、拉深筋等因素对成形性能的影响.通过Autoform的成形仿真预测板料成形过程中减薄、拉裂、起皱等缺陷,分析产生缺陷的原因,进而优化板料成形工艺参数.     

锥形件电磁成形试验研究

对利用平板件电磁成形工艺在有模具时成形锥形件进形试验研究，分析了利用锥形凸模成形时，坯料直径和模具锥度对成形质量的影响；分析了利用锥形凹模成形时，坯料的变形特点；提出了电磁整形工艺方案。     

薄壁深抛物线形零件固体颗粒介质成形工艺

薄壁抛物线形壳体成形过程为拉深和胀形两种变形模式的复合,极易发生起皱和破裂。固体颗粒介质成形是采用固体颗粒代替刚性凸模或凹模(或弹性体、液体)对板料进行成形的工艺。板材在颗粒介质内压的作用下成形,可以有效防止抛物线形件拉深成形过程中侧壁的起皱;由于颗粒内压是非均匀分布的,故可以有效控制抛物线形件成形过程中的破裂,提高板材的成形极限。根据固体颗粒介质成形工艺的特点,提出了两次成形薄壁深壳体零件的工艺,建立了数值分析模型,通过数值模拟和试验对该成形过程和工艺参数进行了分析。结果表明,采用固体颗粒介质成形工艺过程简单、成形工件壁厚分布均匀、表面质量好、回弹小。     

The design of blank’s initial shape in the near net-shape deep drawing of square cup

Deep drawing process is very useful in industrial field because of its efficiency. The deep drawing is affected by many process variables, such as blank shapes, profile radii of punch and die, formability of materials and so on. Especially, in order to obtain the optimal products in deep drawing process, blank shape is very important formability factor. In this paper, the finite element method is used to investigate the cup height of the square cup drawing process. In order to verify the prediction of FEM simulation of the product’s height and forming load in the square cup drawing process, the experimental data are compared with the results of the current simulation. A finite element analysis is also utilized to acquire the designed profile of the drawn products, a reverse forming method for obtaining the initial blank’s shape according to the forward square cup drawing simulation is proposed. The design of initial blank’s shape is also certified to obtain the designed profile of drawn cups by experiment. The influences of the blank’s shape on the height of product, the forming load, the maximum effective stress and the maximum effective strain are also examined.     

混合压边液体内向流动动态充液拉深

为抑制液体内向流动动态充液拉深中凸缘增厚而造成的拉深阻力急剧增长,提出混合压边液体内向流动动态充液拉深新方法。对定间隙下设定恒定压边力的混合压边充液拉深压边形式实质进行分析,采用有限元研究混合压边方式下压边间隙、压边力以及径向压力的变化对成形过程的影响。研究结果表明:定间隙下设定恒定压边力的混合压边充液拉深压边形式的实质是设定压边间隙和设定压边力压边方式的混合;采用混合压边方式可以降低实际最大压边力,降低凸缘区的摩擦阻力,减少第二个谷底点的减薄率;压边力影响零件直壁部分壁厚分布,较大的压边力得到的零件直壁壁厚较薄;压边间隙的变化影响成形零件直壁壁厚分布,较小的压边间隙成形零件直壁较薄,第二个谷底点越接近零件底部。     

圆锥形凹模径向分块压边拉深工艺实验研究

采用圆锥形凹模拉深工艺可以提高成形极限,但需要用压边圈将板坯先压成与凹模面吻合的形状,当变形程度较大时,板坯很容易起皱。为了克服这一缺点,提出了将圆锥形凹模与径向分块压边方法结合的工艺,该工艺可有效改善压边圈与板坯的约束状态,从而达到抑制起皱的目的。对圆筒形件的拉深成形,采用了刚柔复合的径向分块压边圈结构,设计了圆锥形凹模径向分块多压边圈拉深模,取不同凹模半锥角的圆锥形凹模进行了圆筒形件的拉深成形实验。实验表明,新的压边方法能有效克服初始成形过程的起皱,可与锥度较小的凹模一起使用。采用凹模半锥角为45°的凹模,得到AA5754、AA6061和08Al三种板材的极限拉深系数分别为0.410、0.431、0.373,显著提高了成形极限。对圆锥形凹模的拉深成形,给出了理论计算成形极限的方法,理论与实验结果非常接近。     

Optimization of the design parameters of modified die in hydro-mechanical deep drawing using LS-DYNA

The use of a modified die enhances the limiting draw ratio compared to that obtainable in a conventional deep drawing operation. Application of these dies, in conventional deep drawing, eliminated the use of blank holder but enhances the tendency of wrinkling in drawn products. In hydro-mechanical deep drawing process, the punch deforms the blank to its final shape by moving against a controlled pressurized fluid. In this paper, a new concept of the application of modified dies in hydro-mechanical deep drawing is presented. The finite element (FE) simulations of a deep-drawing process using modified dies are performed using the 2-D explicit finite element code LS-DYNA, with the aim of optimization of design parameters and the results are compared with the experimental values. The initial design steps in the design of modified die in finite element simulation were taken from the concept of Tractrix die. The use of Tractrix die enhances the draw ratio but simultaneously increases the tendency of wrinkling. In this paper the design parameters of modified Tractrix die for hydro-mechanical deep drawing are optimized for the successful drawing of cups. It is also experimentally verified that by using such modified dies in hydro-mechanical deep drawing, deeper cups are drawn without wrinkling.     

The application of abductive networks and FEM to predict the limiting drawing ratio in sheet metal forming processes

The deep drawing process, one of the sheet metal forming methods, is very useful in the industrial field because of its efficiency. The limiting drawing ratio (LDR) is affected by many material and process parameters, such as the strain-hardening exponent, the plastic strain ratio, friction and lubrication, the blank holder force, the presence of drawbeads, the profile radius of the die and punch, etc. In order to verify the finite element method (FEM) simulation results of the LDR, the experimental data are compared with the results of the current simulation. The influences of the process parameters such as the blank holder force, the profile radius of the die, the clearance between the punch and the die, and the friction coefficient on the LDR are also examined. The abductive network was then applied to synthesize the data sets obtained from the numerical simulation. The predicted results of the LDR from the prediction model are in good agreement with the results obtained from the FEM simulation. By employing the predictive model, it can provide valuable references to the prediction of the LDR under a suitable range of process parameters.     

毛坯外形对盒形件拉深成形的影响

盒形件是典型非轴对称件，其拉深成形是一种包含几何非线性、材料非线性，接触非线性的强非线性问题的复杂力学过程，影响因素很多，规律难以定量表达，用ANSYS有限元软件，模拟了在同一套模具和成形条件下，不同毛坯外形的盒形件成形过程，找出了毛坯外形对盒形拉深件应力应变影响规律，并用实验验证了模拟结果的可靠性。     

汽车横梁拉深成形的有限元分析

建立了汽车横梁拉深的有限元三维模型，对其拉深成形过程进行了数值模拟，并与实验结果对比分析，说明数值模拟方法的可行性。在此基础上讨论了摩擦润滑条件、压边力和凸模的虚拟冲压速度对板料拉深过程的影响。通过有限元模拟分析方法得到最佳压边力数值，然后通过综合分析数值模拟结果和拉深实验结果确定了实际拉深过程中的最佳压边力。结果表明，在实际拉深过程中要尽量减小模具和板料的摩擦；在模拟拉深成形时，当虚拟冲压速度大于一定值时，会使模拟结果严重失真，因此，汽车横梁拉深数值模拟时最大虚拟冲压速度不要大于2000mm／s。     

A Surface Area Calculation and CAPP System for Non-Axisymmetric Deep Drawing Products

In this paper a surface area calculation for non-axisymmetric deep drawing products of elliptical shape was constructed for the design of blank shapes of deep drawing products by using an AutoLISP function in AutoCAD software. A computer-aided process planning (CAPP) system for rotationally symmetric deep drawing products has been developed. In this study, a CAPP system for non-axisymmetric deep drawing products of elliptical shape was constructed using process sequence design. The system developed consists of four modules. The first is the recognition of shape module for recognising non-axisymmetric products. The second is a 3D modelling module for calculating the surface area for non-axisymmetric products. The third is a blank design module for creating an oval-shaped blank with an identical surface area. The fourth is a process planning module based on production rules that play the most important role in an expert system for manufacturing. The production rules are generated and upgraded by interviewing field engineers. The drawing coefficient, the punch and die radii for elliptical shape products are considered as the main design parameters. The suitability of this system was verified by applying it to a real deep drawing product. This surface area calculation and CAPP system should be very useful for reducing the lead-time for manufacturing and for improving the accuracy of products.     

Effects of punch load for elliptical deep drawing product of automotive parts

Deep drawing process, one of sheet metal forming methods, is very useful in industrial field because of its efficiency. The production of optimal products using this process is dependent on the process variables such as blank shapes, profile radii of punch and die, and formability of materials. Of the variables, the blank shape is very important since it controls the formability factor. This paper reports the investigations on three kinds of blank shapes and the scribed circle test on three deformation modes. The punch load distribution for elliptical forming processes were measured under different conditions of profile radii of punch and die and discussed here. These experiments clarified the influence of the profile radii of the punch and die and the blank shape on the punch-load distribution for the elliptical deep drawing product of automobile parts. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect that the process variables have on drawability in a non-axisymmetric elliptical deep-drawing process and to obtain useful data from the industrial field.