产品外形协同设计系统的研究与实现*

提出了协同设计工作模式,给出了系统的工作流程,定义了用户的权限分配,研究了基于交互日志的传输方式,讨论了协同设计过程中的实时更新机制.最后采用了基于MVC的体系结构构建了一个原型系统,该系统在实际应用中,验证了该技术思路的正确性.     

面向智能电网的云计算技术研究

对面向智能电网的云计算技术进行了研究。首先,引入了云计算的基本概念,分析了它的关键特征。其次,将云计算和智能电网技术进行了融合,提出了智能云的概念。随后,深入研究了智能云的构建、资源管理和安全策略问题。最后,给出了结论和未来的研究工作。     

基于电磁感应的矿井探测方法研究及仿真

本文首先分析了矿井探测中遇到的信号干扰种类,结合噪声信号的特点,提出了基于电磁感应的矿井探测方法,给出了其原理图和设计原则.然后详细论述了电磁感应探测方法的具体实现,给出了各主要测试参数的计算公式,明确了在探测过程中需要采集的各种信号.为了验证提出的电磁感应探测方法,最后采用了MATLAB建立了仿真测试模型,并给出了仿真测试结果.     

数据交换在数字化校园中的作用与实现

本文首先概要介绍了数据交换的基础概念和现状,分析了现有的数据交换技术,研究了主要的数据交换机制,对数据映射、工作流技术进行了探讨,重点介绍了数据交换的技术。在理论研究的基础上,设计了一个基于标准XML数据格式和XSLT数据映射格式,结合工作流引擎的数据交换系统模型。该系统模型解决了校园网多个异构系统的数据集成和业务集成的问题,充分考虑了系统的安全性和扩展性,为校同网的信息化建设提供了很好的参考模型。     

发挥多媒体技术的优势,营造轻松的学习氛围

小学语文教学应用于多媒体技术,实现二者的整合,营造了宽松的学习环境,突出了学生的主体地位,激发了学生的创新意识。多媒体技术的应用为小学语文教学改革带来了机遇与挑战,为学生提供了全面的感性材料,活跃了教学气氛,激发了学习欲望。多媒体技术与小学语文教学有机结合,形成了一种全新的学习方式。本文试就发挥多媒体技术的优势,营造轻松的学习氛围进行了阐述。     

智能家居及其发展趋势

介绍了智能家居的发展历程,阐述了智能家居的定义和功能,介绍了其关键技术和嵌入式在智能家居中的应用,预测了其发展趋势,阐明了研究智能家居的重要意义,并指出了智能家居在控制系统、智能建筑系统和计算机领域的广泛运用,将使电子科学和计算机科学等科学中产生革命性的变革.     

基于LabVIEW的光纤惯组自动测试软件的设计与实现

针对传统惯组测试设备测试效率低、可扩展性差的缺点,基于LabVIEW设计开发了光纤惯组自动测试软件.针对软件实现的关键技术进行了研究,主要包括利用插件式的程序架构,设计了低耦合高内聚的测试模块,增强了软件的扩展性和可维护性;设计了详实的配置文件,实现了测试流程的自动化;同时利用多线程和定时循环的软件机制满足了高速数据采集的要求.实际应用证明,该软件提高了测试效率,促进了自动测试设备领域的新发展.     

天下视频Flash 制作下载转换通

宽带流行了,播客兴起了,FLV吃香了,菜鸟也坐不住了,迅即抱回了DV,开通了播客。历经N天修炼,Flash视频终于成为菜鸟的拿手好菜之一。播客的兴起,使得Flash视频(FLV)格式大行其道。究其原因,不外乎FLV视频避免了不安装特定视频插件就     

仿真技术在包装机械研制中的应用

该文阐述了传统的新产品的开发过程和利用计算机仿真技术开发新产品的过程,总结了这两种开发过程的特点,给出了系统仿真的一般步骤.介绍了计算机仿真技术及其在包装机械研制中的两个实际生产的例子,并总结了利用计算机仿真技术开发新产品的特点,它加快了新产品的研制和开发过程,提高了劳动生产率,降低了生产成本,保证了交货日期,提高了产品质量.因此,计算机仿真技术在包装机械研制领域将会得到越来越广泛的应用.     

基于uClinux嵌入式远程环境在线监测系统的开发

该文分析了现有主要环境在线监测系统存在的问题,进行了嵌入式远程环境在线监测系统的总体设计,探讨了基于uClinux的嵌入式环境监测点系统的关键技术,给出了相应的实现过程,提出了基本的解决方案。     

机器人足球比赛截球策略设计

在机器人世界杯足球锦标赛(TheRobotWorldCup,简称RoboCup)中,截球效率直接影响到比赛的结果。通过足球截球模型,建立方程,从而求出截球位置。解方程的根是提高截球效率的关键,本文采用高效的弦割法来快速计算方程的根。试验发现方程曲线的变化对弦割法解方程根的效率有很大影响,曲线的形状直接影响了弦割法的收敛速度。为加速收敛性,对弦割法进行了优化。最后与优化前的弦割法以及二分法进行了比较,结果表明优化后整体性更为高效,很好地满足了比赛的要求。     

Analytic Controlling Reorientation of a Spacecraft Using a Combined Criterion of Optimality

We consider the problem of optimally controlling the reorientation of a spacecraft (SC) from an arbitrary initial angular state into a given final angular position. We study the case when the minimized functional joins, in the given proportion, the time spent and the integral of the squared modulus of the angular momentum on the reorientation of a SC. The problem is solved in a kinematic setting. We consider two versions of the problem of the optimal rotation of a SC, with bounded and unbounded control. Using the necessary optimality conditions in the form of the Pontryagin maximum principle and the quaternion method for solving control problems on the motion of spacecrafts, we obtain an analytical solution of the posed problem. The solution of the problem is based on the quaternionic differential equation relating the angular momentum vector of a SC with the orientation quaternion of the related coordinate system. We present formalized equations and give computational expressions for constructing the optimal control program. We state the control law as an explicit dependence of the control variables on the phase coordinates. Using the transversality condition as a necessary optimality condition, we determine the maximal value of the modulus of the angular momentum for the optimal motion. For a dynamically symmetric SC, the problem of reorientation in space is solved completely: we obtain the dependences for the optimal law of the change of the angular momentum vector as explicit time functions. We give the results of the mathematical modeling of the motion for optimal control which demonstrate the practical realizability of designed algorithm for controlling the spatial orientation of a SC.     

Application of a global model to the study of Arctic basin pollution: radionuclides,heavy metals and oil hydrocarbons

The status of pollution of the Arctic basin is studied in ecological terms, and the interactions of the Arctic ecosystem with the global system are estimated. A spatial simulation model for the kinetics of pollutants in the Arctic basin is proposed in which the ecological and spatial distribution of the hydrological parameters is taken into account. The model includes blocks describing the flows of pollutants in the trophic chains, the exchange between the water–ice system and the atmosphere and the interaction of the water ecosystem with the global biosphere–climate system. A global model controls the inputs of the simulation model and makes it possible to compute the dynamics of the distribution of pollutants between the Arctic aquatories, which include the Central basin and the peripheral seas. The model uses both published data and the data of the US/Russian expedition to Siberia accomplished in the summer of 1995. Climatic and anthropogenic processes are described in the form of scenarios. The results of computer experiments are given demonstrating the advantages of the simulation model to forecast and to estimate the dynamics of radionuclides, heavy metals and oil hydrocarbons in the Arctic Seas. The total and local pictures of the spatial distribution of pollutants in the Arctic basin are given as functions of various environmental and anthropogenic parameters. It is concluded that the use of the global biospheric model enables the consideration of the interactions between the Arctic basin environment and adjoining territories. This allows estimates to be made of the consequences of the anthropogenic impact on the Arctic ecosystem.     

Calculation of the parameters of Hidden Markov models used in the navigation systems of surface transportation for map matching: A review

This article provides an overview of the mathematical methods for calculating the parameters of Hidden Markov Models (HMM) used in conjunction with the map coordinates measured by the global positioning systems (GPSs) of mobile navigation systems. These methods are analyzed and compared. There is considered an example of calculating of emission probability of observations emissions and transition probabilities for the Hidden Markov Model of a road network. The example is accompanied by the construction of a states diagram of the HMM and a trellis diagram of the Viterbi algorithm. Using the example, there is estimated the influence of the choice of the value of the standard deviation for the probability density distribution of the minimum distances and the angles difference between the direction of the road element and the direction of the velocity of the vehicle on the probability of the path on the Viterbi trellis. It is proposed to use the functional dependence of the optimal path on the standard deviations and the orthogonal distances for the correction in the process of testing and the practical application of the algorithm of map matching based on the HMM.     

A model of the functional state of participants of laboratory markets

The dynamics of psycho-physiological characteristics of participants of laboratory markets in the process of making economical decisions in the decentralized control system is analyzed. For this purpose, the method based on the comparison of stabilographic data with the history of market actions recorded in the course of the experiment is used. The key tool for data analysis is the new segmentation algorithm, which provides efficient partitioning of the stabilographic time series into homogeneous fragments. The segmentation algorithm is obtained as the solution of the problem of estimation of the parameters of the hidden Markov model. The application of this algorithm on the level of individual decision making proves the hypothesis of connection of the stabilogram segmentation time instants of the participant with the time instants of signal actions on the laboratory market. On the level of group decisions, the effect of synchronization of stabilographic time series of participants at the time instant of auction culmination connected with revelation of private information is supported. The degree of synchronization is estimated using a proximity factor calculated based on the specially aggregated canonical correlation.     

A method of defuzzification based on the approach of areas' ratio

The new method of defuzzification of output parameters from the base of fuzzy rules for a Mamdani fuzzy controller is given in the paper. The peculiarity of the method is the usage of the universal equation for the area computation of the geometric shapes. During the realization of fuzzy inference linguistic terms, the structure changes from the triangular into a trapezoidal shape. That is why the universal equation is used. The method is limited and can be used only for the triangular and trapezoidal membership functions. Gaussian functions can also be used while modifying the proposed method. Traditional defuzzification models such as Middle of Maxima − MoM, First of Maxima − FoM, Last of Maxima − LoM, First of Suppport − FoS, Last of Support − LoS, Middle of Support − MoS, Center of Sums − CoS, Model of Height − MoH have a number of systematic errors: curse of dimensionality, partition of unity condition and absence of additivity. The above-mentioned methods can be seen as Center of Gravity − CoG, which has the same errors. These errors lead to the fact that accuracy of fuzzy systems decreases, because during the training root mean square error increases. One of the reasons that provokes the errors is that some of the activated fuzzy rules are excluded from the fuzzy inference. It is also possible to increase the accuracy of the fuzzy system through properties of continuity. The proposed method guarantees fulfilling of the property of continuity, as the intersection point of the adjustment linguistic terms equals 0.5 when a parametrized membership function is used. The causes of errors and a way to delete them are reviewed in the paper. The proposed method excludes errors which are inherent to the traditional and non- traditional models of defuzzification. Comparative analysis of the proposed method of defuzzification with traditional and non-traditional models shows its effectiveness.     

Design of characteristics of air-pressure-controlled hydraulic shock absorbers in an intercity bus

The air-pressure-controlled shock absorber is capable of changing its damping force depending on the air pressure in the air springs. Due to the possibility of improving dynamic properties of all vehicles that use the axles’ air suspensions, BRANO Inc. (the Czech producer of shock absorbers) started to develop semi-active air-pressure-controlled hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers. The SOR C 12 intercity bus is the reference vehicle for which the research and development of controlled shock absorbers is done and on which the shock absorbers are verified. Force–velocity characteristics of the controlled shock absorbers of the axles’ air suspension were designed on the basis of results of computer simulations with the bus multibody models created in the alaska simulation tool. Multibody models of an empty vehicle, a fully loaded vehicle and three variants of a partly loaded vehicle were created. For each weight of the bus two multibody models of various levels of complexity were created. Since the bus multibody models should be used especially for designing force–velocity characteristics of air-pressure-controlled shock absorbers, great attention (in the framework of the possibilities of multibody dynamics) was paid to the correct interpretation of the real behaviour of hydraulic shock absorbers and air springs of the axles’ suspension. As a criterion for the design of the optimum force–velocity characteristics of the controlled shock absorbers, the maximum similarity of the dynamic responses of multibody models of the bus of all the considered weights to dynamic response of the reference multibody model of the bus with the same load as during the experimental measurements on the real vehicle (approx. 71.5% of the maximum loaded vehicle weight) was chosen. In the course of the measurements the non-controlled shock absorbers’ characteristics were optimally tuned for that vehicle weight. Time histories of relative deflections of the axles’ air springs determined during the simulations of the vehicle running over the vertical artificial obstacle were compared. The approach based on the evaluation of the correlation coefficient of two time series was used for the evaluation of the dynamic responses accordance.     

人工免疫在未知木马检测中的应用研究*

针对传统木马检测技术比较被动这一缺陷,提出一种基于人工免疫原理的木马检测方法。利用人工免疫具有自适应以及免疫学习能力的特点,将人工免疫原理应用到木马检测中。分析了数据来源特征,给出了计算抗体与抗原或抗体与抗体之间相似度以及抗体的适应度公式,建立了一个木马检测系统模型;实验测试了利用人工免疫的方式检测木马能有效提高木马检测的检测率,减少误报率。     

Choice of optimal strategy of tumor chemotherapy in Gompertz model

A mathematical model of tumor growth dynamics based on the Gompertz model is considered. It is assumed that tumor cells are affected by a chemotherapeutical agent capable of killing these cells. The degree of action is characterized by the therapy function. Two types of therapy functions are studied: the monotonic and the threshold ones. In the first case, the action of the chemotherapeutical agent is the larger, the higher its concentration. In the second case, the degree of action decreases if the concentration exceeds some threshold value. It is assumed that the concentration of the chemotherapeutical agent is controlled using the control function; the maximum value of this function is limited. The problem of synthesis of optimal control for minimization of the number of tumor cells at the end of the process is formulated. The problem is solved using the dynamic programming method. Exact solutions to the corresponding Hamilton-Jacoby-Bellman equations, which make the synthesis of optimal control possible, are obtained. The results of calculations for optimal therapy strategies are presented.     

改进遗传算法在差分像运动图像实时处理中的应用

差分像运动图像的处理是大气相干长度测量的关键环节,而大气相干长度测量通常需要实时获取数据。因此,差分像运动图像的处理速度与测量仪器的性能有直接的联系。为提高大气相干长度仪的实时测量能力,根据差分像运动图像的特点设计一种改进的遗传算法,对目标光斑进行快速识别。改进的遗传算法为提高收敛速度,取消交叉算子,同时为避免早熟收敛,改进染色体结构,使其在仅使用变异算子的情况下仍具有全局探索能力。Schaffer函数模拟寻优实验验证该方法的可行性。使用改进遗传算法的大气相干长度仪实现实时快速测量。