微带印刷天线辐射与散射的全波分析方法

本文给出了一种分析微带印刷天线辐射与散射的数值方法。此方法将印刷天线按三角网格剖分，在导体表面建立积分方程，用全波离散镜像理论给出微带结构的空域格林函数的闭合表达式，未知电流用三角网格上的矢量电流基函数展开并用矩量法求解。与以往的矩形网格上基函数展开相比，此方法能更有效地逼近任意形状的微带结构，最后给出了几个数值结果     

A combined full-wave CG-FFT method for rigorous analysis of largemicrostrip antenna arrays

An accurate and efficient technique is presented for the analysis of large microstrip antenna arrays. The technique consists of an amalgamation of a spatially discrete scheme, consisting of the CG-FFT method and the complex discrete image (CDI) technique. The unique feature of this approach is the use of the spatially discrete CG-FFT for analyzing microstrip structures. The aliasing and truncation errors are thoroughly eliminated in this approach. In addition, the grad-div operators are transformed from singular Green's functions to differentiable expansion and testing functions by using Galerkin's procedure, thereby improving the accuracy and the rate of convergence. To show the accuracy and efficiency of this technique, a number of microstrip arrays, including a large microstrip reflectarray, have been studied. It is found that the simulations carried out using this technique are in very good agreement with measurements     

An efficient algorithm for analyzing large-scale microstripstructures using adaptive integral method combined with discretecomplex-image method

An efficient algorithm combining the adaptive integral method and the discrete complex-image method (DCIM) is presented in this paper for analyzing large-scale microstrip structures. The arbitrarily shaped microstrips are discretized using triangular elements with Rao-Wilton-Glisson basis functions. These basis functions are then projected onto a rectangular grid, which enables the calculation of the resultant matrix-vector product using the fast Fourier transform. The method retains the advantages of the well-known conjugate-gradient fast-Fourier-transform method, as well as the excellent modeling capability offered by triangular elements. The resulting algorithm has the memory requirement proportional to O(N) and the operation count for the matrix-vector multiplication proportional to O(N log N), where N denotes the number of unknowns. The required spatial Green's functions are computed efficiently using the DCIM, which further speeds up the algorithm. Numerical results for some microstrip circuits and a microstrip antenna array are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of this method     

A fast full-wave analysis of scattering and radiation from largefinite arrays of microstrip antennas

A fast full-wave analysis technique that can be used to analyze the scattering and radiation from large finite arrays of microstrip antennas is presented. The technique discretizes the mixed potential integral equation (MPIE) in the spatial domain by means of a full-wave discrete complex image method. The del operators on the Green's functions are transferred from the singular kernel to the expansion and testing functions. The resultant system of equations is solved using the biconjugate gradient (BCG) method in which the matrix-vector product is evaluated efficiently using the fast Fourier transform (FFT). This results in an efficient and accurate computation of the scattering and radiation from finite arrays of microstrip antennas. Several numerical results are presented, demonstrating the accuracy, efficiency, and capability of this technique     

Computer analysis method for arbitrarily shaped microstrip antenna with multiterminals

An analysis method is presented for an arbitrarily shaped microstrip antenna with multiterminals. The method is based on the variational method and the modal-expansion technique. Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are determined using the Rayleigh-Ritz method. Input impedance and other antenna parameters are derived at nonresonance. Furthermore, the network model, useful for the network analysis of a microstrip antenna with multiterminals, is presented by introducing an ideal transformer. Finally, numerical examples are compared with experimental results. The agreement is quite good, and the validity of the present method is confirmed.     

Modeling planar arbitrarily shaped microstrip elements inmultilayered media

Microstrip elements of arbitrary shape are modeled in multilayered media. The Green's function for the multilayered structure is developed in a form useful for efficient computation for interacting microstrip elements, which may be located at any substrate layer and separated by an arbitrarily large distance. This result is of significant value to a variety of applications in wave propagation besides those discussed in this paper. The mixed-potential integral-equation (MPIE) method is developed in the spatial domain. Examples for regularly/arbitrarily shaped geometries in single and multilayered media are presented. These involve the optimization of an open-end microstrip, a radial-stub microstrip, a five-section overlay-gap-coupled filter, and a circular-patch proximity-coupled microstrip antenna. Very good agreement with measurement and other published data is observed     

基于阵列信息的二维轴对称电导率分布的有效反演方法

本文基于实际工程应用中的阵列感应测井仪(AIT)的测量信息,利用变分玻昂迭代法(VBIM),在非均匀背景介质中来重构和反演地层的电导率剖面.该方法基于非线性积分方程,利用变分方法来建立反演方程.在反演迭代过程中,非均匀背景介质中的格林函数无须更新,与变形玻昂迭代法(DBIM)相比其计算复杂性大大降低.文中仅利用沿井轴的AIT响应对地层电导率进行反演,其结果表明,反演结果与真实地层电导率分布吻合的较好.     

电大尺寸微带天线的并行矩量法分析

为了能够有效地求解大规模微带天线阵列,首先对微带天线建立了以混和位积分方程（MPIE）描述的矩量法（MoM）分析模型,采用了离散复镜像技术,将Sommerfeld积分形式的格林函数并表达为简洁闭式。进而采用并行矩量法对大规模微带天线阵进行了求解,该方法可以有效地提高矩量法分析微带结构的规模,数值结果表明本文方法的准确性和有效性。     

Hybrid-Mode Analysis of Arbitrarily Shaped Planar Microwave Structures by the Method of Lines

This paper presents a method for analyzing arbitrarily shaped planar microwave structures, which is based on the method of lines and applies to both resonant and periodic structures in microstrip, slotline, and finline circuits. Numerical results are presented for some selected structures.     

金属介质混合目标电磁特性的快速分析

将自适应积分算法与基于体面混合积分方程的矩量法相结合快速分析任意结构金属/介质混合目标的电磁散射和辐射特性.通过将传统矩量法的阻抗矩阵分为两部分且采用不同的方法进行处理计算,提高了矩量法的计算速度并大幅度缩减了需要的计算机内存占用量.最后,分别用传统的矩量法与结合自适应积分快速算法的矩量法计算了三个典型例子,通过比较充分说明了文中方法的有效性.     

A reciprocity approach for calculating radiation patterns of arbitrarily shaped microstrip antennas mounted on circularly cylindrical platforms

The paper presents a convenient and efficient approach, based on the reciprocity theorem, for calculating the radiation patterns of arbitrarily shaped microstrip antennas with dielectric substrate and superstrate layers mounted on circularly cylindrical platforms. A detailed theoretical development followed by examples with numerical and graphical results illustrate the versatility of the technique. The reciprocity approach presented is very flexible and may be used in conjunction with any of the commonly employed computational electromagnetics modeling approaches such as the method of moments, finite-element methods, and finite-difference time-domain techniques.     

Improved finite-difference formulation in frequency domain forthree-dimensional scattering problems

The finite-difference method in the frequency domain is a powerful tool for analyzing arbitrarily shaped transmission-line discontinuities and junctions. An improved formulation based on Maxwell's equations in integral form is presented. It corresponds to the Helmholtz equation and reduces the numerical efforts in solving the large linear equation system considerably. The method is verified by comparison to previous work on microstrip     

任意形状单元有限微带阵列的电磁散射分析

提出一种有限微带阵列电磁散射特性分析的有效方法。该法采用有限阵格林函数与矩量法相结合的方法，有效地解决了矩量法在大型阵列电磁特性分析中的计算效率问题；通过选取RWG基函数，使该法适用于任何单元形状的微带阵列。文中计算了矩形、十字形及圆形单元微带阵列的雷达截面，并与常规矩量法和参考文献的计算结果进行了比对，验证了该方法的有效性。     

Rigorous analysis of 3-D planar circuit discontinuities using thespace-spectral domain approach (SSDA)

The space-spectral domain approach (SSDA) has been developed to determine scattering parameters for arbitrarily shaped multilayered planar MIC/MMIC discontinuities. Although the basic framework was introduced previously, only resonant frequencies of planar circuit discontinuities could be calculated. The SSDA presented is not only significantly extended, but also introduces the concept of self-consistent hybrid boundary conditions to replace the modal source concept in the feed line. A general error function is derived to provide a direct assessment of the discretization accuracy. The convergence behavior of this method is investigated, and current standing-wave profiles along microstrip throughlines with matched, open, and short-circuited conditions are given. S-parameters for several microstrip discontinuities with abrupt and smooth transition are obtained to demonstrate the flexibility of the approach     

Input impedance of arbitrarily shaped microstrip antennas

Deals with the analysis of arbitrarily shaped microstrip antennas. A powerful and flexible technique is obtained by combining a mixed potential integral equation, successfully used for rectangular patches, with a method of moments, using a division of the patch into triangular cells and overlapping basis functions, defined over cell couples. The resulting computer algorithm is validated by comparing its predictions with the measurements obtained from an equilateral triangular patch     

Efficient electromagnetic modeling of three-dimensional multilayermicrostrip antennas and circuits

An efficient method-of-moments (MoM) solution is presented for analysis of multilayer microstrip antennas and circuits. The required multilayer Green's functions are evaluated by the discrete complex image method (DCIM), with the guided-mode contribution extracted recursively using a multilevel contour integral in the complex _ρ-plane. An interpolation scheme is employed to further reduce the computer time for calculating the Green's functions in the three-dimensional (3-D) space. Higher order interpolatory basis functions defined on curvilinear triangular patches are used to provide necessary flexibility and accuracy for the discretization of arbitrary shapes and to offer a better convergence than lower order basis functions. The combination of the improved DCIM and the higher order basis functions results in an efficient and accurate MoM analysis for 3-D multilayer microstrip structures     

基于矩量法的印刷电路板的辐射分析

利用结合二级离散复镜像的矩量法,分析印刷电路板上微带线的电磁辐射问题.应用复镜像理论,详细地推导了微带线结构的闭式空域格林函数和计算公式.针对不同长度和不同端接负载的两平行微带线,进行了辐射研究.仿真结果表明,谐振长度的开路耦合线,产生的辐射功率大;端接匹配负载的耦合线,产生的辐射功率小.为此在高频数字电路设计中,必须确保线长不与谐振长度接近,终端均阻抗匹配.     

Full-wave analysis of radiated emission from arbitrarily shapedprinted circuit traces

A mixed (scalar and vector) potential surface integral equation formulation, developed for microstrip antennas, is employed in conjunction with the method of moments to predict the radiated emission from arbitrarily shaped printed circuit traces. Computed currents and radiated fields for a typical trace configuration in the form of a rectangular loop loaded by low- or high-impedance lumped loads indicate good agreement with transmission line theory and/or elementary loop antenna analysis, when the trace size is electrically small. Computed results are presented to highlight the radiation and coupling due to common-mode currents     

Transient scattering from two-dimensional dielectric cylinders ofarbitrary shape

The problem of transient scattering by arbitrarily shaped two-dimensional dielectric cylinders is solved using the marching-on-in-time technique. The dielectric problem is approached via the surface equivalence principle. Two coupled integral equations are derived by enforcing the continuity of the electric and magnetic fields which are solved by using the method of moments. Numerical results are presented for two cross sections, viz. a circle and a square, and compared with inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) techniques. In each case, good agreement is obtained with the IDFT solution     

Analysis of arbitrarily shaped two-dimensional microwave circuitsby finite-difference time-domain method

A version of the finite-difference time-domain method adapted to the needs of S-matrix calculations of microwave two-dimensional circuits is presented. The analysis is conducted by simulating the wave propagation in the circuit terminated by matched loads and excited by a matched pulse source. Various aspects of the method's accuracy are investigated. Practical computer implementation of the method is discussed, and an example of its application to an arbitrarily shaped microstrip circuit is presented. It is shown that the method in the proposed form is an effective tool of circuit analysis in engineering applications. The method is compared to two other methods used for a similar purpose, namely the contour integral method and the transmission-line matrix method