锅炉尾部烟道声波吹灰器使用经济性分析

声波吹灰器具有效率高、功率大的优点,其工作效果优良,相比于传统的蒸汽吹灰器,在节能效果、维护费用、使用寿命等方面都得到了较大的改善。随着科技及经济的发展,吹灰器的选择上将更加倾向于高效、节能的声波吹灰器。现以上海锅炉厂有限公司的相关设备为例,具体分析了声波吹灰器的主要特点,并通过对比锅炉尾部烟道声波吹灰器与蒸汽吹灰器特点,分析锅炉尾部烟道声波吹灰器的使用经济价值。伴随着技术的发展,声波吹灰器必然得到更加广泛的应用。     

600MW亚临界机组锅炉吹灰器吹损受热面的原因分析及控制措施

吹灰器的投运可改善受热面传热效果,提高锅炉热效率,降低受热面高温腐蚀的可能,但吹灰器的不当使用也会给锅炉安全运行带来极大隐患。现分析宁夏大唐国际大坝发电有限责任公司5~#炉水冷壁和高温再热器被吹灰器大面积吹损减薄的原因,并介绍采取的控制措施。     

浅谈电站锅炉吹灰器的使用

从吹灰器的作用及设置范围入手,介绍了蒸汽吹灰器、声波吹灰器及燃气脉冲吹灰器的原理及其在实践中的应用情况。     

鸳鸯湖电厂锅炉炉膛蒸汽吹灰器控制方式的改进

介绍了鸳鸯湖电厂锅炉炉膛蒸汽吹灰器常见故障以及处理方案,通过对吹灰器故障的分析总结,提出了吹灰器控制方式的优化方案,极大地提高了吹灰器运行的稳定性。     

HG1021/18.2型锅炉回转式空气预热器的吹灰器运行状况分析

本文通过对锅炉空气预热器积灰问题的分析,比较蒸汽、声波、燃气3种吹灰器的工作原理及效果,叙述燃气吹灰器的调试和试运行情况。对比燃气吹灰器安装前后的吹灰效果,提出燃气吹灰器能较好地保持回转式空气预热器的洁净,提高经济效益。     

吹灰器在CFB锅炉上的应用选择

介绍了济矿鲁能煤电股份有限责任公司阳城电厂DG480T／HCFB锅炉吹灰器系统的设备特性及运行情况,分析了激波吹灰器及蒸汽吹灰器在运行中存在的问题及解决措施,并对吹灰器在大型CFB锅炉的应用进行了探讨,分析两种吹灰器对于清除锅炉尾部烟道受热面积灰、提高受热面换热效果、降低排烟温度以及提高锅炉效率的效果。     

长伸缩式吹灰器运行故障分析及解决措施

蒸汽吹灰系统是维护锅炉正常运行的主要辅助系统,本文介绍了长伸缩蒸汽吹灰器的工作原理,阐述了长伸缩式蒸汽吹灰器在百万机组运行过程中存在的问题,并分析了其产生的原因,提出解决措施,以保障锅炉的热效率和安全运行。     

伸缩式蒸汽吹灰器的故障分析及对策

介绍了伸缩式蒸汽吹灰器的工作原理,详细阐述了伸缩式蒸汽吹灰器在应用中存在的问题,分析其产生的原因,提出了解决措施,为保障锅炉安全、平稳、高效运行奠定基础。     

某超临界锅炉吹灰器罩壳内水冷壁管表面裂纹产生原因

某超临界锅炉运行1.2万h后,在其吹灰器罩壳内水冷壁管背火面发现密集横向裂纹.通过资料调研、材料成分检验以及开裂部位显微组织、断口形貌和拉伸性能分析,研究了水冷壁管表面裂纹产生的原因.结果表明:水冷壁管材料正常,其背火面管外壁裂纹为热疲劳裂纹;吹灰器套管外径偏大顶在吹灰孔周边水冷壁管上,温度偏低导致吹灰蒸汽带水,水沿着...     

锅炉吹灰自动控制系统可靠性优化

枣泉电厂锅炉吹灰自动控制系统由机组DCS实现,其在实际运行过程中,存在锅炉吹灰顺控自动中断,锅炉吹灰蒸汽压力波动大,锅炉炉膛压力波动时不闭锁锅炉吹灰器工作等问题.针对这些问题对自动控制系统进行可靠性优化,分别采用了修改水平烟道吹灰顺控,增加炉膛吹灰单吹顺控,在锅炉吹灰压力控制回路增加一阶惯性微分环节,优化锅炉吹灰压力控...     

Soot characterisation and diesel engine wear

The hardness of various types of soot produced by heavy‐ and light‐duty diesel engines of European, Japanese, and North American designs was measured by low‐loss electron energy‐loss spectroscopy (EELS). No clear general trend can be established that shows heavy‐duty diesel engine soot is necessarily harder than light‐duty diesel engine soot. The variation in hardness among individual soot particles produced by the same diesel engine can be as large as differences between the hardest soot particles produced by heavy‐duty diesel engines and the softest soot particles produced by light‐duty diesel engines. There are heavy‐duty diesel engines that can produce soot that is softer than that produced by some light‐duty diesel engines and vice versa. Nevertheless, the hardness of all types of soot studied is close to the range of hardness of metal engine parts. Thus, the results indicate that soot is hard enough to abrade some metal engine parts.     

一种新型激光粉尘浓度在线测量仪的研究

本文提出了一种基于光散射原理的粉尘浓度激光测量新方法，该方法无需预先获取粉尘颗粒的平均粒径，可直接测量浓度。基于新方法设计了一套粉尘浓度在线测量仪，测量仪以8031单片机为核心，具有浓度的实时LED显示和数模输出功能，并通过与上位机的串行通信实现浓度数据的后台存储。该仪器具有新颖的光学构造，可在单片机的控制下进行在线标定和在线光路对中，并已用于某钢厂粉尘排放的实时测量，测量结果表明仪器具有良好的灵敏度和可靠性，可满足实时在线测量粉尘浓度的要求。     

The influence of soot and dispersant on ZDDP film thickness and friction

The effect of dispersed soot in engine oils is an increasingly important issue in terms of both engine durability and fuel efficiency. Using carbon black as a soot analogue, a study has been carried out to investigate the main factors that determine the impact of soot on friction and ZDDP film formation in formulated oils. It has been found that dispersed carbon black can rapidly remove ZDDP reaction films by abrasion. However, this removal can be prevented or limited by the choice of an optimal dispersant additive.     

Asymptotic analysis soot model and experiment for a directed injection engine

The existing soot models are either too complex and can not be applied to the internal combustion engine, or too simple to make calculation errors. Exploring the soot model becomes the pursuit of the goal of many researchers within the error range in the current computer speed. On the basis of the latest experimental results, TP (temperature phases) model is presented as a new soot model to carry out optimization calculation for a high-pressure common rail diesel engine. Temperature and excess air factor are the most important two parameters in this model. When zone temperature T?1 500 K and excess air factor Ф?0.6, only the soot precursors-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH) is created and there is no soot emission. When zone temperature T ≥ 1 500 K and excess air factor Ф?0.6, PAHs and soot source terms (particle inception, surface growth, oxidation, coagulation) are calculated. The TP model is then implemented in KIVA code instead of original model to carry out optimizing. KIVA standard model and experimental data are analyzed for the results of cylinder pressures, the corresponding heat release rates, and soot with variation of injection time, variation of rail pressure and variation of speed among TP models. The experimental results indicate that the TP model can carry out optimization and computational fluid dynamics can be a tool to calculate for a high-pressure common rail directed injection diesel engine. The TP model result is closer than the use of the original KIVA-3V results of soot model accuracy by about 50% and TP model gives a new method for engine researchers.     

空气预热器最佳吹灰过程的计算机实现方法

基于空气预热器积灰的在线监测技术和计算机应用技术，确定最佳吹灰时间，利用以最小运行成本为目标函数的最佳吹灰周期模型，提出了对传统吹灰系统改造的计算机实现方法。     

悬浮碳烟微粒对柴油发动机磨损的影响

进入机油的碳烟微粒增多是现代低排放车用柴油发动机突出问题。探讨了碳烟微粒对发动机各摩擦副磨损的影响，分析了碳烟微粒的磨损机制，并指出提高分散剂性能与用量是减少碳烟微粒磨损的重要方法。     

柴油机油烟炱分散性能研究

通过模拟试验、发动机台架试验以及行车试验,考察柴油机润滑油的烟炱分散性能。结果表明:烟炱模拟试验能区分不同油品的烟炱分散能力;由于发动机技术的不同、试验目的的不同、试验条件设置的不同,台架试验结果会有很大差异,应根据发动机的技术特点,建立与润滑油在车辆实际使用过程中性能相关联的台架试验;质量级别越高的润滑油,其烟炱分散性能越好;不同分散性能、不同类型黏度指数改进剂的润滑油在行车试验中性能差异不大,特别是由烟炱引起的黏度变化基本没有表现出来,而黏度指数改进剂的剪切性能对黏度指标的影响比烟炱含量的影响表现得更为突出。     

An in situ cell to study phase transitions in individual aerosol particles on a substrate using scanning transmission x-ray microspectroscopy

A new in situ cell to study phase transitions and chemical processes on individual aerosol particles in the x-ray transmission microscope at the PolLux beamline of the Swiss light source has been built. The cell is machined from stainless steel and aluminum components and is designed to be used in the standard mount of the microscope without need of complicated rearrangements of the microscope. The cell consists of two parts, a back part which contains connections for the gas supply, heating, cooling devices, and temperature measurement. The second part is a removable clip, which hosts the sample. This clip can be easily exchanged and brought into a sampling unit for aerosol particles. Currently, the cell can be operated at temperatures ranging from -40 to +50 °C. The function of the cell is demonstrated using two systems of submicron size: inorganic sodium bromide aerosols and soot originating from a diesel passenger car. For the sodium bromide we demonstrate how phase transitions can be studied in these systems and that O1s spectra from aqueous sodium bromide solution can be taken from submicron sized particles. For the case of soot, we demonstrate that the uptake of water onto individual soot particles can be studied.     

激波吹灰器的研究与应用

通过分析加热炉对流室炉管积灰的形成、种类、影响,比较蒸汽吹灰与激波吹灰器的工作原理和特点,总结出激波吹灰器的应用,大大提高了某公司第三套常、减压蒸馏装置加热炉去除积灰效率和热效率,装置运行非常稳定,降低了总运行成本。     

悬浮碳烟微粒对在用柴油机油粘度影响的研究

现代柴油机技术清洁了排放，却使进入机油中的碳烟微粒大量增加，本文研究报道了悬浮碳烟微粒对在用柴油机油粘度的影响；粘度随碳烟浓度提高而增大；二者符合Eilers和reiger-Dougherty粘度方程，分散剂能阻止碳烟微粒发生聚结，进而降低相对粘度，其中碱性分散剂作用性能远优于中性分散剂。