生成最优二划分装盘方案的递归算法

针对物流领域的研究装盘问题,为提高装载效率,在矩形托盘中正交的布置最多数目同尺寸长方体小箱,并且小箱之间不发生重叠。采用二划分装盘方案。所谓二划分,是指一条划分线总是贯穿被划分的区域,将区域划分为二个较小的矩形子区域。二划分方案可以通过使用水平或竖直的划分线,将装裁区域递归地二划分为若干个子区域,每一子区域有且仅有一个小箱。采用递归算法,通过适当设置成本参数,生成排数最少的最优二划分装盘方案。实验计算结果表明所述算法可以有效地简化装箱方案。     

Lagrangean relaxation with clusters and column generation for the manufacturer's pallet loading problem

We consider in this paper a new lagrangean relaxation with clusters for the Manufacturer's Pallet Loading Problem (MPLP). The relaxation is based on the MPLP formulated as a Maximum Independent Set Problem (MISP) and represented in a conflict graph that can be partitioned in clusters. The edges inter clusters are relaxed in a lagrangean fashion. Computational tests attain the optimality for some instances considered difficult for a lagrangean relaxation. Our results show that this relaxation can be a successful approach for hard combinatorial problems modeled in conflict graphs. Moreover, we propose a column generation approach for the MPLP derived from the idea behind the lagrangean relaxation proposed.     

A heuristic block-loading algorithm based on multi-layer search for the container loading problem

This paper presents an efficient heuristic block-loading algorithm based on multi-layer search for the three-dimensional container loading problem. First, a basic heuristic block-loading algorithm is introduced. This algorithm loads one block, determined by a block selecting algorithm, in one packing phase, according to a fixed strategy, until no blocks are available. Second, the concept of composite block is introduced, the difference between traditional block and composite block being that composite block can contain multiple types of boxes in one block under some restrictions. Third, based on the depth-first search algorithm, a multi-layer search algorithm is developed for determining the selected block in each packing phase, and making this result closer to the optimal solution. Computational results on a classic data set show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the best known algorithm in almost all the test data.     

一种求解集装箱装载问题的启发式算法

所谓集装箱装载问题,就是将若干大小不同的长方体盒子装进一个大小已知的长方体容器,其目标是最大化容器的积裁率.对这一问题,国内外学者利用不同的哲学思想,提出了诸如遗传算法、模拟退火算法等求解算法.本文提出一种求解此问题的基于最大穴度优先原则的启发式算法.算法中使用了两个重要的策略:最大穴度原则和最小边度原则.用一些公开的算例对算法性能进行了实算测试,测试结果表明:算法所得结果的容器积载率高,是求解集装箱装载问题的有效算法.     

An efficient placement heuristic for three-dimensional rectangular packing

By embodying the spirit of “gold corner, silver side and strawy void” directly on the candidate packing place such that the searching space is reduced considerably, and by utilizing the characteristic of weakly heterogeneous problems that many items are in the same size, a fit degree algorithm (FDA) is proposed for solving a classical 3D rectangular packing problem, container loading problem. Experiments show that FDA works well on the complete set of 1500 instances proposed by Bischoff, Ratcliff and Davies. Especially for the 800 difficult strongly heterogeneous instances among them, FDA outperforms other algorithms with an average volume utilization of 91.91%, which to our knowledge is 0.45% higher than current best result just reported in 2010.     

Relaxations of the Satisfiability Problem Using Semidefinite Programming

We derive a semidefinite relaxation of the satisfiability (SAT) problem and discuss its strength. We give both the primal and dual formulation of the relaxation. The primal formulation is an eigenvalue optimization problem, while the dual formulation is a semidefinite feasibility problem. We show that using the relaxation, a proof of the unsatisfiability of the notorious pigeonhole and mutilated chessboard problems can be computed in polynomial time. As a byproduct we find a new `sandwich" theorem that is similar to the sandwich theorem for Lovász' -function. Furthermore, the semidefinite relaxation gives a certificate of (un)satisfiability for 2SAT problems in polynomial time. By adding an objective function to the dual formulation, a specific class of polynomially solvable 3SAT instances can be identified. We conclude with discussing how the relaxation can be used to solve more general SAT problems and with some empirical observations.     

An exact algorithm for generating homogenous T-shape cutting patterns

Both the material usage and the complexity of the cutting process should be considered in generating cutting patterns. This paper presents an exact algorithm for constrained two-dimensional guillotine-cutting problems of rectangles. It uses homogenous T-shape patterns to simplify the cutting process. Only homogenous strips are allowed, each of which contains rectangular blanks of the same size and direction. The sheet is divided into two segments. Each segment consists of strips of the same length and direction. The strip directions of the two segments are perpendicular to each other. The algorithm is based on branch and bound procedure combined with dynamic programming techniques. It is a bottom-up tree-search approach that searches the solution tree from the branches to the root. Tighter bounds are established to shorten the searching space. The computational results indicate that the algorithm is efficient both in computation time and in material usage.     

Heuristic and exact algorithms for generating homogenous constrained three-staged cutting patterns

An approach is proposed for generating homogenous three-staged cutting patterns for the constrained two-dimensional guillotine-cutting problems of rectangles. It is based on branch-and-bound procedure combined with dynamic programming techniques. The stock plate is divided into segments. Each segment consists of strips with the same direction. Only homogenous strips are allowed, each of which contains rectangles of the same size. The approach uses a tree-search procedure. It starts from an initial lower bound, implicitly generates all possible segments through the builds of strips, and constructs all possible patterns through the builds of segments. Tighter bounds are established to discard non-promising segments and patterns. Both heuristic and exact algorithms are proposed. The computational results indicate that the algorithms are capable of dealing with problems of larger scale. Finally, the solution to a cutting problem taken from a factory that makes passenger cars is given.     

同类货物集装箱装载问题的启发式算法

提出了求解同类货物集装箱装载问题的一种启发式算法.算法中采用了层的思想,集装箱的每个面都可用来构建层.通过对二维布局、层高组合和用来构建层的集装箱面的选择等三个方面的优化求解,得到了具有较高装载率的集装箱装载方案.实例结果表明,该算法是求解同类货物集装箱装载问题的一种行之有效的方法.     

Models for the two-dimensional two-stage cutting stock problem with multiple stock size

We consider a Two-Dimensional Cutting Stock Problem (2DCSP) where stock of different sizes is available, and a set of rectangular items has to be obtained through two-stage guillotine cuts. We propose and computationally compare three Mixed-Integer Programming models for the 2DCSP developing formulations from the literature. The first two models have a polynomial and pseudo-polynomial number of variables, respectively, and can be solved with a general-purpose MIP solver. The third model, having an exponential number of variables, is solved via branch-and-price techniques. We conclude the paper describing the results of extensive computational experiments on a set of benchmark instances from the literature.     

梯形子模式非对称逆布局二值图像表示方法

虽然树形分层结构在图像表示和处理中有很多优点,但是它们都过分地强调分割的对称性和节点的对称性,因此不是最优的图像表示方法.借鉴Packing问题研究的方法,基于非对称逆布局模式表示模型(Non-symmetry An-ti-paeking pattern representation Model,NAM),提出了一个梯形子模式非对称逆布局二值图像表示方法,给出具体的编码算法和解码算法,并分析了算法的时空复杂度和表示的数据量.理论分析和试验结果表明,与流行的基于分层结构的线性四元树表示方法相比,梯形子模式非对称逆布局二值图像表示方法在子模式数量和数据量方面具有较大的优势.     

A new linearization method for generalized linear multiplicative programming

This paper presents a deterministic global optimization algorithm for solving generalized linear multiplicative programming (GLMP). In this algorithm, a new linearization method is proposed, which applies more information of the function of (GLMP) than some other methods. By using this new linearization technique, the initial nonconvex problem is reduced to a sequence of linear programming problems. A deleting rule is presented to improve the convergence speed of this algorithm. The convergence of this algorithm is established, and some experiments are reported to show the feasibility and efficiency of this algorithm.     

带权混合支配问题的近似算法研究

图G=(V,E)上的混合支配集D是由图G中的顶点和边组成的集合,因此对于图G中的任意一条边或一个顶点,若其不在D中,则其必须与D中某条边或某个顶点相邻。混合支配问题是在一个图中找到一个基数最小的混合支配集。混合支配问题是图顶点支配问题和边支配问题的混合,在实际生活中有着许多应用,最近在算法中也备受关注。混合支配问题在一般图上是NP完全的。带权混合支配问题则是混合支配问题的一个自然推广,其将图中的点和边以不同权重进行区分。令图中所有点的权重均为w_v,所有边的权重均为w_e,带权混合支配问题则要求寻找一个混合支配集使得其点和边的权重之和达到最小。尽管针对混合支配问题已存在一个简单2倍近似算法,但是对带权混合支配问题的近似算法的研究进展却非常缓慢。在点的权重不大于边的权重的情况下,文中给出了带权混合支配问题的一个3倍近似算法。