发电机定子绕组单相接地保护自适应判据研究

分析了发电机机端和中性点的零序基波及3次谐波电压故障暂态分量的特点,在此基础上提出了发电机定子绕组单相接地保护的自适应判据。该判据考虑了零序基波电压及3次谐波电压故障分量的综合效应,并以制动信号谱能量和动作信号谱能量的比值作为制动系数,该值在发电机正常运行时接近为1,在发电机定子绕组单相接地时远小于1。因此,自适应判据有效提高了保护在定子绕组经过渡电阻单相接地情况下的灵敏度。文章还建立了发电机的多回路暂态数学模型,采用半隐格式求解法对定子单相接地故障进行了仿真,结果证明了所提判据的有效性和良好的抗噪性。     

阻尼绕组对凸极同步发电机空载电势波形的影响

采用二维瞬态涡流场有限元法，对装有阻尼绕组的凸极同步发电机的空载电势波形进行了计算，分析了阻尼绕组节距对空载电势波形的影响。结果表明，阻尼绕组可以削弱定子齿谐波分量，而对与阻尼绕组节距有关的谐波分量则有加强作用。     

Simulation of Lightning Overvoltage Distribution on Stator Windings of Wind Turbine GeneratorsEI北大核心CSCD

This paper analyzes lightning surge on the stator windings of wind turbine generators. The path of lightning in the wind turbines was analyzed. An equivalent circuit model for megawatt direct-driven wi...     

基于双谐波绕组的混合励磁发电机励磁控制系统

为了解决不同运行工况下混合励磁同步发电机端电压恒定的问题,设计了一种基于全桥变换器拓扑的励磁控制系统。励磁系统采用以电枢绕组电压为外环、定子谐波励磁绕组电流为内环的双闭环控制策略,以谐波无刷混合励磁同步发电机端电压为反馈信号,通过调节定子谐波励磁绕组电流,以维持发电机端电压恒定。阐述了双谐波绕组的混合励磁发电机的基本结构和工作原理,设计了励磁控制系统的软硬件,并测试了励磁控制系统的性能。实验结果表明：调节定子谐波励磁绕组电流,可以很好的调节发电机的端电压;通过励磁控制系统的自动调节功能,实现了发电机在不同负载情况下的输出电压恒定。     

大型水轮发电机定子单相接地故障的暂态仿真

根据水轮发电机定子和转子的绕组结构，在利用多回路理论计算定子和转子绕组电感参数的基础上，考虑定子绕组对地电容的分布性，建立了新的水轮发电机定子绕组单相接地故障暂态仿真模型，将定子绕组单相接地问题的研究统一在一个模型之中。文中以三峡发电机的一种设计方案为例，分析了定子绕组对地分布电容对模型的影响，讨论了单相接地过程中机端与中性点处零序电压及接地故障电流随故障位置和接地电阻的变化关系。该模型适合发电机定子绕组单相接地故障的全过程仿真，可为单相接地故障继电保护方案的分析与开发提供基础。     

发电机定子接地保护动作原因分析及故障处理

介绍大型汽轮发电机100%定子接地动作保护基本原理和适用范围,着重分析双频式100%定子接地保护动作区域和保护判据。针对电厂2号机运行中出现的100%定子接地保护信号告警问题,结合发电机100%定子接地保护原理和故障处理原则,详细分析可能引起3次谐波电压比值远远超过整定值的故障原因。根据现场继电保护设备动作特性和测量数据,做出准确判断。经现场检查及故障处理后,2号机中性点接地变压器二次引线锈蚀松动故障得到成功处理。     

发电机定子线圈绝缘诊断与寿命预测

发电机定子线圈绝缘在运行过程中要遭受电、热、机械等应力的联合作用而老化,随着中国高龄发电机组日益增多,及时掌握定子线圈绝缘的运行状态显得尤为重要。笔者总结了当今国内外发电机定子线圈绝缘诊断与剩余寿命预测的方法,并以一台18.5 MW/10.5 kV水轮发电机为例,介绍了一种实用的根据电气参量对定子线圈进行绝缘诊断与剩余寿命预测的方法。     

一种适用于谐波起动电动机的新型定子绕组

通过对谐波起动电动机广泛采用的定子绕组存在问题的分析,提出了一种结构更加简单、控制更加方便的定子绕组,该定子绕组线圈的匝数、线规都相同,解决了谐波起动电动机定子绕组不等匝引起的设计和制造工艺困难的问题.对该绕组的设计方法进行了分析和介绍,并以8极72槽定子绕组实例加以说明.     

同步发电机空载电压波形的齿磁通计算

为了快速准确计算谐波励磁同步发电机和普通同步发电机的空载谐波电压，提出一种齿磁通法计算谐波电压。利用有限元法，仅计算转子在一个齿距内移动时不同位置处的定子各个齿的磁通，通过绕组与齿的关联关系得到定子绕组感应电动势。该方法考虑了磁路、凸极效应、饱和、绕组布置、齿槽效应以及斜槽的影响。谐波励磁同步发电机上的实验结果与计算结果的比较说明了方法的正确性。该方法计算准确，计算量小，计算速度快。     

Optimization of operating conditions of third harmonic ground-fault protection system of generator-transformer unit with two-states transverse parameters

Such an optimization analysis of the operating conditions of the ground-fault protection excited by the third harmonic voltage for the two-state system of the generator-transformer unit transverse parameters is presented in this paper. The analysis was made for a unit in which a change in its transverse branch parameters occurs as a result of generator breaker switching operations. The optimization analysis has shown that effective ground-fault protection of the generator stator windings is possible, regardless of the operating conditions of the generator breaker.     

发电机出口断路器对三次谐波定子接地保护的影响

阐述了发电机三次谐波定子接地保护的原理,指出该保护参数受一次系统参数影响较大,尤其是受发电机出口断路器（gas circuit breaker,GCB）电容的影响;通过描述工程实例中三次谐波定子接地保护出现的问题,分析了GCB电容对三次谐波定子接地保护的影响,结果显示GCB电容会导致三次谐波保护定值变小;最后给出了工程保护现场测量和保护参数设定时应注意的事项.     

双频式定子接地保护的分析与改进

介绍了基波零序电压保护原理、三次谐波电压幅值比保护原理、三次谐波电压幅值比突变量保护原理以及三次谐波电压矢量比较保护原理等四种定子接地保护原理,并根据三台汽轮发电机的参数,对上述原理进行灵敏度分析。分析表明基波零序电压保护原理与三次谐波电压矢量比较保护原理相配合时灵敏度最高,但该保护方案在大型机组采用接地变接地时灵敏度仍显不足。针对高压侧三次谐波电压的干扰,为了同时提高保护方案的灵敏度与可靠性,提出了一种改进方案。该方案在降低制动系数的同时增加了自适应制动门坎判据,仿真结果表明该方案能够兼顾灵敏度与可靠性。所得结论为定子接地保护的研发改进提供了参考。     

Partial Discharge Detection with High‐Frequency Band through Resistance–Temperature Sensor of Hydropower Generator Stator Windings

In order to improve the signal to noise ratio for partial discharge (PD) detection using a resistance–temperature detector laid in the stator windings of a hydropower generator, the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is applied as a kind of time‐frequency analysis. Relying on the combination of frequency resolution and time resolution using an applied power voltage phase angle distribution, PDs occurring in voids of stator windings are expected to be found within a mixed environment of strong noise and confusable noise. Furthermore, we found that the CWT may make it possible to calibrate the PD charge quantity in a band of a few tens of MHz under favorable conditions, where calibration is usually difficult for generator stator windings.     

发电机定子绕组安装工艺

简要阐述了向家坝左岸电站发电机定子绕组的结构特点,详细介绍了该发电机定子绕组的安装实施方案及难点分析。端箍的结构特点及安装工艺要求等为未来百万千瓦机组定子绕组的安装积累了宝贵的经验。     

Third harmonic ground-fault protection system of unit-connected generator with two parallel branches per phase

The operating conditions of a ground-fault protection reacting to a difference in 3rd harmonic voltages at the star point and at the output terminals of a unit-connected generator with a dipole stator winding formed by two parallel branches in phase are analysed. The voltage feeding the measuring element of the ground-fault protection in the generator is determined for different ways in which its star point is grounded. The paper, analyse the operating conditions of the above protection systems in the unit-connected generator with two parallel branches in stator windings phase and one pair of poles, on the basis of simulation studies. The simulations were run for real generator of 120 MW equipped with generator breakers with additional capacitances to ground. Realistic values of the breakdown channel in the main isolation of the generator stator windings were taken into account. This resistance was determined in experimental tests conducted in real conditions during arcing ground faults.     

定子绕组相问短路与接地故障分析及处理

介绍了大型发电机定子绕组的主要构成,定子绕组在水电站运行期间常见的故障工况,以及针对不同故障工况和故障点的分析、检修和维护措施。以此为鉴,可以有效预防电力系统重大事故的发生。     

人工神经网络用于发电机定子绝缘局部放电模式识别

讨论了反向传播算法的人工神经网络在局部放电模型类型识别中的应用,设计了反映大型发电机定子绝缘局部放电的5类不同物理仿真绝缘模型。仿真模型包括的局部放电类型有端部放电、槽间放电、在绝缘不同位置的三种内部放电。研究了人工神经网络的识别能力。针对大型发电机定子绝缘局部放电的类型,得到了较好的识别率。     

Design and field testing of a source based protection relay forwind farms

The paper describes the design and field testing of a source based relay suitable for the protection of wind farms with fixed-speed induction generators. The relay provides short-circuit protection for the medium voltage (MV) power collection circuit and the MV and low voltage (LV) windings of each generator transformer. The use of the relay allows a reduction in the construction cost of a wind farm, since MV fuses are no longer required to protect the generator transformers. The paper discusses how the protection algorithm was designed based on the electrical behaviour of induction generators operating in a wind farm. The relay was evaluated at a wind farm in Wales and also in the laboratory using data from a wind farm simulator and a transient recorder. The latter, installed at the wind farm, recorded the voltage and current signals measured during local disturbances. The recorded or simulated data was subsequently replayed into a relay simulator which graphically describes the operating behaviour of the protection     

高压电机定子绕组端部放电的分析

以影响高压电机定子绕组端部放电的多种因素为研究对象,对不同外施电压、不同电场、不同冷却介质、不同海拔、不同温湿度、不同表面状况等因素进行定性分析。从这些分析中可以看到,不同的条件（特别是极端条件）,相同气隙的放电电压可以显著不同。在设计高压电机定子绕组净空距离时应充分考虑这些影响因素,确保电机可靠运行。     

海上双馈感应发电机定子绕组匝间短路容错技术可行性分析

受海洋恶劣环境影响,海上双馈感应发电机(DFIG)定子绕组匝间短路故障频发,伴随海上可及性差引起的故障维修困难、停运损失巨大,使得容错技术需求日趋迫切。文中根据DFIG定子绕组匝间短路故障特点,构建精确通用的定子绕组匝间短路模型。针对故障后定子电流负序分量幅值增大而严重影响DFIG正常运行的问题,分离各序分量并提取定子负序电流,通过在转子侧输入相应的谐波电压来抵消定子侧负序电流,构建负序电流控制器以抑制故障后定子相电流的负序分量。仿真与实验结果验证了该方法可以有效降低DFIG定子绕组匝间短路故障后的定子负序电流幅值与输出功率脉动。