磺酸盐类表面活性剂在三次采油中的应用

介绍了三次采油中应用的磺酸盐类表面活性剂的种类、性能、发展现状,总结了其复配体系的协同效应,同时指出磺酸盐类表面活性剂具有重要的实用价值和广阔的开发前景。     

用于提高石油采收率的纳米技术研究进展

对近年来纳米技术在提高原油采收率方面的应用作了较详细的介绍和评述。其中包括由表面活性剂和疏水改性纳米粒子组成的纳米乳液、纳米粒子增强的粘弹表面活性剂体系、固体纳米粒子稳定的CO2气体泡沫和纳米分子沉积膜的作用机理及提高采收率的应用效果;还包括微-纳米颗粒封堵技术、纳米降压增注技术、纳米材料改性破乳技术、尤其是油藏纳米机器人等技术在石油开发方面的应用;并提出了应用于提高石油采收率领域的纳米技术发展方向。     

石油磺酸盐与激活剂的协同作用研究

室内合成了一种用于增强石油磺酸盐(KPS)性能的激活剂(D8),分子模拟软件对分子间的界面稳定性研究表明,激活剂界面稳定性优于石油磺酸盐,二者可以发生协同增效作用;激活剂以及复配体系界面性能研究表明,超低界面张力下的Na Cl和Na2CO3浓度窗口分别为0.4%⁵%,0.6%5%,0.6%¹.2%,复配比1∶91.2%,复配比1∶9⁹∶1范围内具有较好的界面性能,复配过程中分子间以"插层"作用实现表面活性剂间的正的协同作用,固/液界面吸附研究结果同时验证了复配体系存在相互协同作用;应用该协同作用配制的最佳三元复合驱配方为:0.3%S(KPS∶D8=8∶2)+0.18%HPAM+1.2%Na2CO3,配方体系碱浓度窗口为0.6%9∶1范围内具有较好的界面性能,复配过程中分子间以"插层"作用实现表面活性剂间的正的协同作用,固/液界面吸附研究结果同时验证了复配体系存在相互协同作用;应用该协同作用配制的最佳三元复合驱配方为:0.3%S(KPS∶D8=8∶2)+0.18%HPAM+1.2%Na2CO3,配方体系碱浓度窗口为0.6%¹.4%,对不同原油具有较好的适应性;配方体系具有较好的抗稀释性能以及乳化能力;聚驱后进行二元复合驱可提高采收率7.57%,聚驱后进行三元复合驱可提高采收率9.78%,该配方体系在聚驱后具有较好的应用前景。     

石油磺酸盐与激活剂的协同作用研究

室内合成了一种用于增强石油磺酸盐(KPS)性能的激活剂(D8),分子模拟软件对分子间的界面稳定性研究表明,激活剂界面稳定性优于石油磺酸盐,二者可以发生协同增效作用;激活剂以及复配体系界面性能研究表明,超低界面张力下的Na Cl和Na2CO3浓度窗口分别为0.4%~5%,0.6%~1.2%,复配比1∶9~9∶1范围内具有较好的界面性能,复配过程中分子间以"插层"作用实现表面活性剂间的正的协同作用,固/液界面吸附研究结果同时验证了复配体系存在相互协同作用;应用该协同作用配制的最佳三元复合驱配方为:0.3%S(KPS∶D8=8∶2)+0.18%HPAM+1.2%Na2CO3,配方体系碱浓度窗口为0.6%~1.4%,对不同原油具有较好的适应性;配方体系具有较好的抗稀释性能以及乳化能力;聚驱后进行二元复合驱可提高采收率7.57%,聚驱后进行三元复合驱可提高采收率9.78%,该配方体系在聚驱后具有较好的应用前景。     

二元复合驱化学分析及提高石油采收率技术研究

为提高二元复合驱的驱油效率,采用了一种新型的聚合物和表面活性剂组成的复合驱油剂,对其进行了化学分析及其对现场稠油的驱替效果评价.通过界面张力测量及动态界面张力分析,优选了表面活性剂PS-2作为最优选择,并确立其最优质量分数范围为0.2%～0.4%.通过黏浓特性和黏温特性实验,优选出聚合物KYPAM,并确定其最佳质量浓度为1 000 mg∙L-1.随后通过研究聚表二元复合体系的界面张力和流变性,发现该体系能够有效降低油水界面张力,并具有良好的流变性.采用单岩心驱替实验方法,对比分析了聚合物-表面活性剂二元复合驱、单一聚合物驱替及单一表面活性剂驱替对于现场高黏度原油提高采收率的效能.结果表明,聚表二元复合驱的采收率最高,达到32.1%,比水驱提高了16.2%.     

提高采收率技术应用现状及分析

随着油田勘探难度的加大和世界原油市场供需矛盾的加剧,发展提高原油采收率技术成为保证油田高产稳产和稳定原油市场价格的一项很重要的措施。本文首先分析了国内外油田提高原油采收率的发展历程,并对世界上主要产油国的提高原油采收率方法和技术原理进行了系统的阐述,为发展我国提高采收率技术提供参考和借鉴。     

表面活性剂在提高低渗透油藏采收率中的应用及机理分析

研究了表面活性剂如何通过降低油水界面张力和改善岩石润湿性提高低渗透油藏采收率,并对微观驱油机理进行了探究。结果表明,表面活性剂能够有效降低油水界面张力,当表面活性剂浓度从0 mg·L^-1升至50 mg·L^-1时,油水界面张力从72.5 mN·m^-1降至10.4 mN·m^-1,尤其是在表面活性剂浓度从0 mg·L^-1升至30 mg·L^-1时,油水界面张力显著下降;表面活性剂浓度与岩石表面吸附量及油藏采收率呈正相关,当表面活性剂浓度从0 mg·L^-1升至30 mg·L^-1时,岩石表面吸附量从0μg·cm^-2增至50.3μg·cm^-2,当表面活性剂浓度从0 mg·L^-1升至50 mg·L^-1时,油藏采收率从25%升至62%。为低渗油田的化学增产提供了科学依据。     

石油磺酸盐在低渗透储层中的应用

石油磺酸盐是目前国内应用最多的表面活性剂。陕北地区地处鄂尔多斯盆地,其延安组油层孔隙度低,渗透性差,属于低渗透储层,在注水开发后期,暴露出注入压力高,采收率低等问题。研究了石油磺酸盐与地层水的配伍性,并进行了驱油室内评价实验,得出了石油磺酸盐在该地区的应用效果和优缺点。     

CO2驱提高原油采收率研究进展

作为一项提高原油采收率的技术,CO2驱自20世纪50年代,就在现场得到了应用,目前,此项技术在美国、加拿大等国的应用已较成熟。我国对该技术的研究相对较晚,受到了高度重视,随着人们对温室效应与环境关系的理解,将CO2注入地层提高原油采收率,可以预测,此项技术在我国石油开采业中将会具有更广泛的发展前景。文章在调研国内外大量文献资料的基础上,阐明了CO2提高原油采收率的机理,CO2驱提高采收率的研究现状及进展,最后,分析了我国注CO2提高采收率的应用前景,并给出了相应的建议。     

石油磺酸盐合成技术进展

石油磺酸盐是一种以石油馏分为原料的合成阴离子表面活性剂,主要用作驱油剂,具有界面活性强,与原油配伍性好以及水溶性好等优点,一直受到广泛重视。石油磺酸盐因原料油组分及分子结构复杂,结构和性能差异大,使得三次采油应用的表面活性剂应满足低界面张力和低吸附量才能达到提高采收率的目的,故开发具有高界面活性和低吸附损失的石油磺酸盐具有重要意义。     

Modified acrylamide polymers for enhanced oil recovery

Copolymers of sodium acrylate and N-methyl-, N-isopropyl-, N-n-butyl-, and N-t-butylacrylamide were prepared. The viscosities of these copolymers in 0.01% and 2.00% NaCl and their resistances to shear were compared with those of several partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides. The poly(N-alkylacrylamide-co-sodium acrylate demonstrated somewhat better retention of viscosity in brine than did analagous partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides. N-alkyl substitution increased sensitivity to shear in low salt solutions.     

三次采油技术的现状及发展趋势

综述三次采油的基本原理,主要的采油类型,如化学法、混相法、生物法等。简要介绍了三次采油的发展前景,聚合物驱、三元复合驱、CO2驱等将是三次采油发展的主要技术。并由此总结三次采油现存技术的不足,提出未来技术可研究的主要方向。     

Characterization of acrylamide polymers for enhanced oil recovery

Four different copolymers, of acrylamide and acrylic acid, acrylamide and 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl propane sulfonic acid, N,N‐dimethylacrylamide and acrylic acid, and N,N‐dimethylacrylamide and 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl propane sulfonic acid (sodium salts), were prepared. The copolymers were characterized by their intrinsic viscosities and monomer ratios and with IR, ¹H‐NMR, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. No crystallinity was observed by differential thermal analysis, and this was well supported by XRD. All the polymers showed low decomposition temperatures. A number of decomposition temperatures were observed in differential thermogravimetry thermograms because of the elimination of gases such as CO₂, SO₂, CO, and NH₃. The replacement of the acrylate group with a sulfonate group produced polymers that were more compatible with brine, whereas the replacement of acrylamide with a more hydrophobic group such as N,N‐dimethylacrylamide produced a more shear‐resistant polymer. A N,N‐dimethylacrylamide‐co‐sodium‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl propane sulfonate copolymer was better with respect to thermal stability when the polymer solution was aged at 120°C for a period of 1 month. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1869–1878, 2003     

化学驱油进展

目前,全球石油产量约8 500万桶/天,即超过300亿桶/年。OPEC（石油输出国组织）估计,到2030年,发展中国家的需求将使全球产量提高到1.07亿桶/天。 从给出的一些统计值表明,表面活性剂研究者和生产商有千载难逢的好机会：多数现有的油井只能采出30%的油气,化学驱是可用的、为数不多的二次和三次开采增加石油产量的方法。     

Pelargonic acid in enhanced oil recovery

Oxidation of monounsaturated fatty acids, such as erucic and oleic acids, results in the formation of dibasic fatty acids, such as brassylic and azelaic acids. Dibasic acids find many industrial applications. Pelargonic acid is the co-product of the process. Expanded use of dibasic acids would require an expansion in the existing and possibly new uses for pelargonic acid and its derivatives. In this study, the potential for using pelargonic acid in enhanced oil recovery is investigated. Experimental results are presented for the enhanced oil recovery by waterflooding with the aid of a surfactant.In situ formation of surfactant at the oil-water interface vs. the formation of surfactant in the floodwater prior to injection is examined.     

Spontaneous emulsification aspect of enhanced oil recovery

Recent studies have suggested the possibility of spontaneous emulsification as a mechanism for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The discussions have, however, remained essentially qualitative. A study was therefore undertaken to estimate quantitatively the contribution of spontaneous emulsification as an EOR mechanism. The tests were conducted on several bulk liquid/liquid systems as well as by displacement experiments in unconsolidated synthetic sand packs. Spontaneous emulsification was found to be a mechanism for EOR: the estimated extra contribution to EOR due to this mechanism was found to be significant in laboratory scale displacement experiments. Tertiary recovery was always greater when spontaneous emulsification was evident than otherwise. Results of tests on bulk liquid/liquid systems indicate that the occurrence or absence of spontaneous emulsification can be correlated with the values of ‘partition parameter’. It may be concluded that higher oil recoveries may be achieved in chemical EOR processes where interface mass transfer (and the accompanying spontaneous emulsification) occurs. The evaluation of efficiency of residual oil mobilisation through the capillary number theory (with and without spontaneous emulsification) is also discussed. Displacement tests with spontaneously emulsifying systems showed that residual oil left behind a conventional waterflood was mobilised in a range of capillary numbers much less than that which applies to low-tension waterfloods.     

驱油用烷基苯工业化生产研究

通过进行小批量的驱油用烷基苯生产试验,制定出了切实可行的生产方案,并顺利完成工业化试验和增产试验,驱油用烷基苯产量达到1.6万t/a,试验产品经测试在大庆三厂油水条件下能够达到10-3mN/m的超低界面张力,能够满足大庆三元复合驱强碱体系矿场试验的需求.     

石油组分磺化与提高原油采收率技术进展

介绍了目前国内外石油组分磺化的研究进展及相关磺酸盐产品在提高原油采收率方面的应用情况.指出,随着磺化工艺的不断改进和磺化设备的不断完善,石油磺酸盐产品在三次采油技术领域将得到更为广泛地应用.     

Characterization of polyacrylamides used in enhanced oil recovery

Polyacrylamides can be readily characterized using techniques such as IR spectroscopy, ¹³C-NMR, elementary analysis, TGA, and x-ray diffraction. The first three techniques can also be used quantitatively to measure the degree of hydrolysis of the polymers, without the need to know accurately the weight of the sample. The presence of inorganic salts, such as Na₂SO₄, Na₄(CO₃)SO₄, and Na₂CO₃, is readily detected via IR or wide-angle x-ray diffraction. No evidence of crystallinity is found in the samples studied.     

Surfactant flooding characteristics of dodecyl alkyl sulfate for enhanced oil recovery

Surfactant-enhanced oil recovery is a type of enhanced oil recovery (EOR), a method to produce residual oil by injecting surfactant solution into the reservoir. The application of surfactant EOR requires knowledge of the phase behavior for more efficient production of residual oil.In this study, the relationship between dodecyl alkyl sulfate and some specific crude oils was examined through phase behavior test. It was found that the branched surfactant was more effective than the linear surfactant. The system was stable at salinities <3 wt%. On adding a small amount of co-surfactant, the emulsion activity was increased.The gravity drainage flooding test (GDFT) was performed to determine the potential of dodecyl alkyl sulfate to produce residual oil in porous media. It was found that the solution could be flooded at temperatures of 60 °C or higher. In the core flooding test, injecting one pore volume of 2 wt% surfactant solution with 3 wt% salinity produced 26.6% more oil after water flood. With the addition of only 0.01 wt% co-surfactant, oil production increased by 1.6%. Contrary to the phase behavior test, the linear surfactant produced 1.3% more oil than the branched surfactant in the core flooding test.