铂/二氧化锡/石墨烯复合催化剂的制备及其催化甲醇氧化性能

以氯化亚锡和氧化石墨烯为前驱物制备了二氧化锡/石墨烯复合材料,并以其为载体担载了铂纳米颗粒催化剂,从而制备出铂/二氧化锡/石墨烯复合催化剂。所制备的铂纳米颗粒具有面心立方结构,二氧化锡是四方晶型;所制备催化剂的活性和抗中毒能力优于商业催化剂。     

超临界法制备多孔纳米Fe_3O_4/SiO_2复合磁性微球及性能

为了制备具有纳米多孔结构的磁性复合微球,采用正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)和金属氯盐分别作为SiO2和铁氧体的前驱体,通过溶胶凝胶法制备将Fe3O4纳米颗粒分散于SiO2基体中的Fe3O4/SiO2磁性纳米复合微球,并用超临界干燥法对其进行干燥。利用X线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、透射电镜(TEM)和振动试样磁场计(VSM)等分析测试手段对合成的材料进行性能表征。结果表明:复合粒子包覆完好、性能优良、分散性良好,制备颗粒的粒径为30 nm,比饱和磁化强度为84.09 A.m2/kg。     

CeO2/SiO2复合磨粒合成与表征

以SiO2溶胶作内核,分别以(NH4)2Ce(NO3)6、CO(NH2)2混合溶液与Ce(NO3)3·6H2O、HMT混合溶液作壳层前驱体,均相沉淀工艺制备了两种不同的CeO2/SiO2复合磨粒.利用XRD、TEM和FF-IR对比了两种磨粒的物相组成、纳米形貌和化学结构,并对包覆机理进行了解释;结果表明:以(NH4)2Ce(NO3)6、CO(NH2)2为原料制备的CeO2/SiO2复合磨粒包覆程度低;以Ce(NO3)3·6H2O、HMT为原料制备的CeO2/SiO2复合磨粒为壳-核包覆结构完整的纳米微球,粒径约110 nm,核层为无定形SiO2,壳层为立方萤石型CeO2颗粒,CeO2壳层与SiO2内核之间存在Si-O-Ce化学键,形成了稳定的壳核结构.     

氧化钼/二氧化硅纳米复合催化剂表面结构及其催化性能

通过微乳凝胶法制备的一系列不同MoO3质量分数(4%～16%)的MoO3/SiO2纳米复合催化剂,由差示扫描量热-热重分析确定催化剂前驱体的焙烧温度,分析了MoO3在SiO2表面的阈值;运用透射电镜、X射线衍射和Fourier转换红外分析等方法对其结构、形貌以及催化剂表层氧化钼与氧化硅之间的相互作用进行了结构表征:并以环己烷催化脱氢制备环己烯为目标反应,对催化剂进行了活性测试.结果表明:在该实验条件下所制备的复合催化剂中,MoO3在SiO2上的单层分散阈值在12%～14%之间;同时,MoO3通过Mo-O-Si化学键而牢固结合在SiO2表面.经催化活性测试后发现:催化剂中MoO3含量在阈值水平附近时,其催化活性最优.     

镂空结构氧化镍微球的制备及性质研究

通过水热合成法,以葡萄糖酸钠与硝酸镍为起始原料,一步法制备了前驱体碳杂Ni(OH)2复合微球(C-Ni(OH)2)。然后以制得的C-Ni(OH)2微球前驱体,在空气氛围下进行焙烧,制备出镂空结构NiO微球。通过场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、X-射线能谱(EDS)和氮气吸附脱附(EBT)等实验方法对其进行了分析,结果表明该微球主要是由几十个纳米的颗粒结合而成。由于前驱体为碳杂Ni(OH)2复合微球,氢氧化镍不仅存在于该微球的表面,而是存在于整个微球中,所以导致了部分焙烧出的NiO空心球出现了特殊的"球套球"的结构。     

具有空心结构的Ni/SiO_2催化剂上间二硝基苯加氢制间苯二胺

采用水热法一步合成了Ni3Si2O5(OH)4空心微球。在823K、H2气氛下还原,制备了具有空心结构的Ni/SiO2催化剂,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、N2吸附-脱附对催化剂进行了表征。将该催化剂应用于间二硝基苯加氢制备间苯二胺的反应中,考察了催化剂结构、反应温度、反应时间、反应压力对反应的影响。在最优条件下,间二硝基苯的转化率为100%,生成间苯二胺的选择性约为94%。     

石墨化碳修饰碳化稻壳泡沫的制备及光热水蒸发性能

为了改善生物质碳化稻壳光热转换效率不足的问题，提出利用过渡金属催化技术调控其热解碳结构，优化光热水蒸发性能。首先，制备具有多孔结构的稻壳泡沫，并在此基础上引入硝酸镍作为催化剂前驱体，在高温碳化过程中通过Ni高温催化作用催化稻壳热解碳石墨化制备石墨化碳修饰碳化稻壳泡沫（GC/CRF）光吸收体，系统研究光吸收体结构、光吸收率和光热水蒸发性能。结果表明：制备的GC/CRF光吸收体有效地保留了稻壳泡沫原有的三维多孔结构，孔径在10～100μm，催化剂Ni均匀分散在泡沫基体中；Ni的高温催化作用使GC/CRF中原位形成大量纳米球，纳米球为典型的核壳结构，核层为纳米Ni颗粒，壳层为薄层石墨化碳；石墨化碳的形成可有效提高光吸收体的石墨化程度，进而改善光吸收率和光热水蒸发性能；碳化温度为1 200℃时，制备的GC/CRF光吸收体具有最优的光吸收率和光热转换效率，分别约为94%和70%。     

镍包覆Al2O3纳米颗粒对氧化铝陶瓷与铝之间润湿性的影响

采用Ni(NO3)2·6H2O前驱体液相包覆技术对纳米Al2O3颗粒进行金属化处理,经过干燥、加热分解和高温氢气还原处理后,前驱体完全转化为金属Ni晶体,从而获得镍涂覆的Al2O3颗粒。X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜和能谱分析结果表明:金属镍包覆在纳米Al2O3颗粒表面。包覆的纳米Al2O3颗粒经过热压烧结制备的陶瓷体与金属铝之间的润湿角为72.5°,明显改善了陶瓷与金属之间的润湿性。     

聚乙烯亚胺对纳米SiO2空心颗粒分散行为的影响

采用在制备过程中添加聚电解质型分散剂聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)和在制备好的纳米SiO2空心颗粒水悬浮液中添加PEI并球磨这两种方法对纳米SiO2空心颗粒进行分散,并对这两种方法进行了比较,最后采用以PEI作为分散剂,利用球磨工艺,对已制备的纳米SiO2空心颗粒水悬浮液进行分散的方法,研究了PEI在纳米SiO2空心颗粒表面的吸附行为及水悬浮液的分散稳定性.结果表明,PEI在纳米SiO2空心颗粒表面的吸附提高了颗粒间的排斥势能,改善了纳米SiO2空心颗粒的团聚问题及其悬浮液的稳定性.并阐明了加入PEI后纳米SiO2空心颗粒表面ζ电位的变化趋势、不同pH值下PEI在纳米SiO2空心颗粒表面的吸附量与其加入量的关系等.     

二氧化硅球的制备及其功能化

以正硅酸四乙酯为硅源,分别在碱性和酸性条件下制备了二氧化硅(SiO2)球状粒子;在碱性条件下制备了具有荧光功能的SiO2-FITC复合纳米球;以Sn2+作为敏化剂,在SiO2球表面沉积Ag纳米颗粒,制备了SiO2/Ag核-壳结构纳米粒子。通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见近红外(UV-vis-NIR)分光光度计,荧光分光光度计对SiO2球,SiO2-FITC荧光纳米球,SiO2/Ag核-壳结构纳米粒子的形貌和光学吸收、荧光发射特性进行了表征。结果表明,碱性环境下制备的SiO2球粒径大小为纳米级,酸性环境下制备的SiO2球粒径大小为微米级,酸性环境下制备的SiO2球比碱性环境下制备的硅球致密。掺入FITC的SiO2球具有荧光发射特性,且发光强度可以控制。Ag纳米颗粒修饰的SiO2/Ag核-壳结构纳米粒子具有等表面等离子体共振吸收特性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。