孔径可控微米级氧化铝直通孔陶瓷的制备

采用海藻酸钠自组装法制备不同孔径和气孔率的氧化铝直通孔陶瓷,研究了海藻酸钠种类和陶瓷浆料固相含量对孔径的影响。结果表明:选用高α-L-古罗糖醛酸含量的海藻酸钠,并适当增大固相含量,可制备出小孔径直通孔陶瓷;选用高β-D-甘露糖醛酸含量的海藻酸钠,并适当降低固相含量,可制备出大孔径直通孔陶瓷。通过调节浆料固相含量和海藻酸钠溶胶浓度,制备的直通孔陶瓷孔径分布为25~250μm,最高气孔率为67.0%,抗压强度最高可达212.3MPa。     

冷冻干燥法制备高活性的氧化铝超细粒子

探讨了文题的方法，研究了不同干燥方法对产品粒子性能的影响。结果表明，冷冻干燥法能够有效地改善凝胶干燥过程中粒子间的聚结性能。本法制备的氧化铝超细粒子径在０．１μｍ左右，球形度及单分散性能好，纯度高杂质元素含量少，比表面积大，反应活性高，能在较低温度下实现α相的完全转变。     

多层低温流延法制备片状氧化铝多孔陶瓷

为了避免金属/陶瓷复合散热片两相共烧,并减小因两相热膨胀系数不同而造成在使用过程中的开裂失效问题,采用水基Al2O3陶瓷浆料在低温下进行多层流延,经定向冷冻、低温干燥及烧结工艺,制备出具有小孔径、直通孔结构的片状Al2O3多孔陶瓷.研究了浆料固体含量和冷冻温度对多孔陶瓷片孔隙率和孔尺寸的影响,观察了孔的微观形貌并测试了其热疲劳性能.结果表明:随着浆料固体含量从30％(质量分数)增加到40％,多孔陶瓷片的孔隙率(体积分数)从62.1％减小至51.4％,随着冷冻温度从-15℃降低至-45℃,多孔陶瓷片孔道尺寸逐渐减小;固体含量为40％、冷冻温度为-45℃的多孔陶瓷片在热疲劳实验中裂纹出现最晚,达到695次,其热疲劳性能最好;多层低温流延法制备的多孔陶瓷片层间孔道相互连通.     

直接发泡法制备氧化铝多孔陶瓷

为了改善多孔氧化铝陶瓷的性能,考察了陶瓷悬浮液的固含量、造孔剂和其他添加剂种类对生坯体和烧结体机械强度的影响。发现固含量由53％减少至45％和40％时,机械强度大大降低。当向料浆中添加7％三种不同类型的淀粉时,气孔率没有明显提高;当用Al（OH）3替代30％的Al2O3时性能也没有改善。但采用直接发泡法制备多孔隔热陶瓷（Al2O3固含量53％,无添加剂）,热导率与其他三种商用隔热陶瓷砖相比有优势,气孔率达到81％,机械强度达到15MPa。     

水基冷冻干燥工艺制备层状结构多孔SiC陶瓷

以微米级SiC粉体为原料,利用冷冻干燥和原位反应烧结制备了具有层状孔道结构的SiC多孔陶瓷.XRD分析表明多孔陶瓷的主相是α-SiC,结合相是方石英;SEM观察到多孔陶瓷具有相互连通的开孔结构;多孔SiC陶瓷的总孔隙率和开孔隙率随固相含量和烧结温度的增加而下降.多孔陶瓷的孔径分布呈现双峰分布特点,大孔孔径峰值介于20～80 μm,小孔孔径峰值为0.5～0.9 μm.在原位反应烧结过程中,在1100℃以上SiC开始发生氧化形成SiO2结合的多孔SiC陶瓷,显著提高了陶瓷的压缩强度.随着烧结温度从1000℃提高到1500℃,固相含量为30vol%的多孔SiC陶瓷开孔率从68.9%下降到61.8%,压缩强度由5.5 MPa升至25.5 MPa.     

泥浆的pH值对氧化铝多孔陶瓷孔结构的影响

研究了泥浆pH值对氧化铝多孔陶瓷孔结构的影响,结果表明,在碱性范围内调节pH值,可制得气孔率在25％－40％范围、孔径分布均匀的多孔 陶瓷。     

大孔氧化铝载体制备条件的研究

本文以拟薄水铝石为原料,槽法炭黑为扩孔剂制备了大孔氧化铝载体,并对制备条件进行了研究,找到了制备条件对载体孔结构及强度的影响规律。     

氧化铝多孔陶瓷制备工艺的研究

本研究了氧化铝多孔陶瓷的制备工艺，探讨了制备工艺参数对多孔陶瓷性能的影响。研究结果表明，氧化铝骨料颗粒度是得到不同孔径多孔陶瓷的关键；粘结剂含量对多孔陶瓷的孔隙率、强度有很大影响；烧 是得到性能多孔陶瓷的重要因素。通过改变工艺参数，可以得到平均孔径1至10μm，开气孔率40％的氧化铝多孔陶瓷。     

氧化铝泡沫多孔陶瓷的制备

采用有机泡沫浸渍工艺制备氧化铝泡沫多孔陶瓷。研究了聚丙烯酰胺添加剂对浆料粘度,挂浆成型性能及样品烧后强度的影响,还研究了二次挂浆对氧化铝泡沫多孔陶瓷强度的影响。实验结果表明:当配方组成为氧化铝77.3%、龙岩高岭18.2%、膨润土2.7%、滑石粉1.8%,外加聚丙烯酰胺0.5%,浆料的粘度η0为6.325pa.s,厚化度为1.27,于1600℃,保温2小时烧后样品的强度高。二次挂浆可以显著提高氧化铝泡沫多孔陶瓷强度的影响。对1100℃烧成的样品二次挂浆,在1500℃二次烧成,样品抗弯强度达到3.54MPa。     

粉煤灰-氧化铝多孔陶瓷的制备

粉煤灰主要是来源于火电厂与钢铁厂的一种工业固体废弃物,希望利用廉价的粉煤灰和氧化铝研发出高性能的多孔陶瓷,以应用于环境、冶金、化学等工业领域。利用不同配比的粉煤灰、氧化铝及造孔剂,干压成型得到柱状坯体,经高温烧结,制得多孔陶瓷,并用×RD和SEM分别对其物相结构和表面形貌进行了分析。结果表明,粉煤灰与氧化铝的比约为7：0．9、造孔剂为10％～15％、于1250℃烧结时,可以制备出抗压强度17．3MPa～30．2MPa、显孔隙率30％～48％及孔径大小2～12μm的粉煤灰多孔陶瓷。实验结果将对粉煤灰开发技术的研究具有参考意义。     

以冰为模板制备氧化铝多孔陶瓷及其结构特征

以水玻璃溶液为粘结剂,以冰为造孔模板制备氧化铝多孔陶瓷。采用扫描电镜观测多孔陶瓷的显微结构。结果表明,冰是一种理想的造孔模板,浆体特性对多孔陶瓷结构影响较大,当浆体中相对固相含量增大,多孔陶瓷的孔隙会减小;当浆体粘度降低,易得到片层状与微孔复合结构的多孔陶瓷。     

水基冷冻干燥工艺制备莫来石结合多孔SiC陶瓷

以微米级SiC和纳米级α-Al2O3为原料,经水基冷冻干燥及原位反应烧结工艺制备莫来石结合多孔SiC陶瓷.XRD分析表明多孔陶瓷主相是α-SiC,结合相是莫来石.多孔陶瓷的孔径分布呈现双峰分布特点,大孔孔径峰值介于3 ～20 μm,小孔孔径峰值为0.5 ～1 μm.体系中SiC固相含量及烧结温度对多孔陶瓷显微结构及性能有显著影响.当SiC固相含量由20vol％增至30vol％时,多孔陶瓷的孔结构由间距为20～ 30 μm、且定向排列的层状结构演变为孔径约为4μm的定向通孔结构.当烧结温度由1200℃升至1500℃时,多孔SiC陶瓷开气孔率由66％下降至64％,抗压缩强度由4.5 MPa升至16 MPa.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Porous Alumina Ceramics Fabricated by the Decomposition of Aluminum Hydroxide

The mechanical properties of Al₂O₃-based porous ceramics fabricated from pure Al₂O₃ powder and the mixtures with Al(OH)₃ were investigated. The fracture strength of the porous Al₂O₃ specimens sintered from the mixture was substantially higher than that of the pure Al₂O₃ sintered specimens because of strong grain bonding that resulted from the fine Al₂O₃ grains produced by the decomposition of Al(OH)₃. However, the elastic modulus of the porous Al₂O₃ specimens did not increase with the incorporation of Al(OH)₃, so that the strain to failure of the porous Al₂O₃ ceramics increased considerably, especially in the specimens with high porosity, because of the unique pore structures related to the large original Al(OH)₃ particles. Fracture toughness also increased with the addition of Al(OH)₃ in the specimens with higher porosity. However, fracture toughness did not improve in the specimens with lower porosity because of the fracture-mode transition from intergranular, at higher porosity, to transgranular, at lower porosity.     

氧化铝纤维对多孔陶瓷载体性能的影响

通过添加适量的塑性剂和造孔剂,采用挤压成型的方式制成了氧化铝纤维增强多孔陶瓷.探讨了不同烧结温度和不同纤维含量对于多孔陶瓷性能的影响.随着烧结温度的提高和纤维含量的增加,样品的线收缩率不断减小,而气孔率和抗折强度先增加后减小.在900℃烧结后,纤维含量4％时,材料最大抗折强度最高并达到4.19Mpa,比基体材料提高了35％.氧化铝纤维的加入有效地解决了多孔陶瓷开裂的问题.     

多孔氧化铝陶瓷的研究进展

综合论述了国内外多孔氧化铝陶瓷的制备方法及性能的研究进展,并对目前存在的问题及将来的研究方向进行了展望。     

海藻酸钠纤维的电纺性研究

通过与生物相容的合成高分子聚环氧乙烷(PEO)共混,天然高分子海藻酸钠被成功电纺成丝。扫描电镜等测试结果表明:海藻酸钠a/PEO比例为6∶4时得到无串珠的光滑纤维,并且纤维直径分布均匀。用乙醇/氯化钙(CaCl)2处理电纺纤维,其疏水性得到极大改善。     

High-Strength Porous Alumina Ceramics by the Pulse Electric Current Sintering Technique

High-strength porous alumina has been fabricated with a microstructure control using the pulse electric current sintering (PECS) technique. During sintering the discharge, which is assumed to take place in the voids between the particles, is thought to promote the bridging of particles by neck growth in the initial stages of sintering, leaving high porosity. The effect of dopants (MgO, 200 ppm; TiO₂, 1000 ppm) and of secondary inclusions (3 vol% 3Y-TZP) on the constrained densification and the improvement in the mechanical behavior of porous alumina ceramics has been reported. The porosity of the fabricated porous alumina was controllable between 30% and 50% depending on the sintering temperature. The flexural strength of alumina having 30% and 42% porosity showed impressive values of 250 and 177 MPa, respectively. The dominance of the preferential neck growth of grains over densification significantly improved the mechanical properties of porous alumina, besides leaving high porosity.     

Formation Mechanism of Porous Alumina With Oriented Cylindrical Pores Fabricated by Unidirectional Solidification

Porous alumina whose pores were aligned in one direction was fabricated by the unidirectional solidification method under a pressurized hydrogen atmosphere. The porous structure is formed at the solid–liquid interface during solidification due to a hydrogen solubility gap at the melting point. The hydrogen gas is dissolved into molten alumina according to Sieverts' law and insoluble gas that corresponds to the amount of solubility gap evolves from the solid phase at the solid–liquid interface during the unidirectional solidification to form the pores. The porosity and pore size of the solidified samples decreased with increasing total pressure where the environmental gas consisted of pure hydrogen or hydrogen–argon mixed gases. There is a reverse proportion relation between the pore diameter and the total pressure according to Boyle's law.     

反相悬浮聚合法合成可生物降解海藻酸钠高吸水性树脂

以丙烯酸(AA)和海藻酸钠(SA)为原料,用反相悬浮聚合法合成了聚丙烯酸钠/海藻酸钠高吸水性树脂。研究了海藻酸钠、引发剂(KPS)和交联剂(NMBA)用量、丙烯酸中和度、聚合反应温度等因素对树脂吸水率的影响以及树脂的生物降解性能。结果表明,当w(SA)=1.5%、w(KPS)=0.15%、w(NMBA)=0.1%、丙烯酸中和度为65%、聚合反应温度为75℃时,树脂对蒸馏水的吸水率为845 g/g,对生理盐水的吸水率为88 g/g,且能被土壤和微生物降解,w(SA)=10%的树脂在60 d内能够被芽苞杆菌降解52%,在土壤中能被降解36%,且降解速度随海藻酸钠质量分数的增加而加快。IR测定表明,树脂为丙烯酸盐与海藻酸钠的接枝共聚物。SEM测定表明,PAA/SA高吸水性树脂呈花瓣结构。