干胶法合成ZSM-5/SAPO-34复合分子筛及其甲醇芳构化性能

采用干胶法合成了ZSM-5/SAPO-34复合分子筛。研究了干胶组成、干胶处理条件和晶化时间对复合分子筛的影响。并以甲醇制芳烃为探针反应,考察了干胶法、包埋法和机械混合法制备的ZSM-5/SAPO-34复合分子筛的芳构化性能。结果表明,改变干胶组成可调节ZSM-5/SAPO-34复合分子筛中SAPO-34分子筛的含量;温和的凝胶干燥条件有利于合成ZSM-5/SAPO-34复合分子筛,干燥温度过高或者干燥时间过长会导致ZSM-5/SAPO-5复合分子筛的生成;适当延长晶化时间有利于提高复合分子筛中SAPO-34分子筛的结晶度,而晶化时间延长到96 h后,SAPO-34分子筛将逐渐向SAPO-5分子筛转化;相比于包埋法和机械混合法,采用干胶法制备的复合分子筛的甲醇芳构化活性稍低,但是反应产物对二甲苯的选择性高出10%以上,具有优异的择形性能。     

微撞击流制备多级孔ZSM-5分子筛及催化应用

通过微撞击流反应器(MISR)结合加盐晶种法制备多级孔ZSM-5分子筛,探索硅胶流量、含晶种的铝源混合液流量、循环时间以及晶化时间对多级孔ZSM-5分子筛粒径大小和孔径结构的影响规律。并与传统方法合成的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛作为催化剂应用于甲苯与氯化苄烷基化反应中,从催化活性、选择性以及反应温度3方面进行对比。结果表明,利用微撞击流强化混合过程制备多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的最佳操作条件为:硅胶流量为40 m L/min,含晶种的铝源混合液流量为20 L/h,循环时间为5 min,晶化时间为6 h。在甲苯与氯化苄烷基化反应中对比发现,氯化苄的转化率都随着温度的增大而增大,但微撞击流反应器合成的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的催化活性、选择性优于使用磁力搅拌器合成的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛。     

ZSM-5/MCM-41微介孔复合分子筛的制备及吸附性能研究

按n(Na_2O)∶n(Al2O_3)∶n(SiO_2)∶n(TPABr)∶n(H_2O)=25∶1∶150∶10∶5000的摩尔比,在170℃24 h条件下水热合成出微孔ZSM-5分子筛,按n(Na OH)∶n(SiO_2)∶n(CTAB)∶n(H_2O)=0.3∶1∶0.3∶90的摩尔比配制成MCM-41的溶胶液,再将ZSM-5混合到MCM-41的晶化液中,110℃48 h晶化后取出漂洗烘干,再在550℃焙烧去除有机模板剂,获得ZSM-5/MCM-41微介孔复合分子筛,采用XRD、TEM和FT-IR等手段对合成分子筛进行了表征。考查了分子筛的投加量、pH值、温度、吸附时间以及共存物等对吸附X-5GN阳离子红染料废水的影响。正交试验结果表明,ZSM-5/MCM-41微介孔复合分子筛,对阳离子红X-5GN的吸附效果较好,当ZSM-5/MCM-41微介孔复合分子筛的投加量为0.3 g/L、阳离子红染料浓度为15 mg/L,溶液为中性、吸附时间为90 min,温度为60℃时吸附结果最好,脱色率达到了98.68%。     

ZSM-5/SBA-15催化氧化脱硫催化剂的制备表征及脱硫性能研究

结合分子筛ZSM-5与SBA-15自身的优点,合成了不同质量比例的ZSM-5/SBA-15微孔-介孔复合分子筛,并进行XRD、N2吸附-脱附表征,分析其结构特征。以其为载体负载金属W、Ni、Ce、Cu,制备出不同的氧化脱硫催化剂,对模拟油进行氧化脱硫研究。结果表明,负载金属W制备出的WO3-ZSM-5/SBA-15(ZSM-5质量分数为10%)复合分子筛,脱硫效果最好,脱硫率为75.44%。     

ZSM-5/SBA-15催化氧化脱硫催化剂的制备表征及脱硫性能研究

结合分子筛ZSM-5与SBA-15自身的优点,合成了不同质量比例的ZSM-5/SBA-15微孔-介孔复合分子筛,并进行XRD、N2吸附-脱附表征,分析其结构特征。以其为载体负载金属W、Ni、Ce、Cu,制备出不同的氧化脱硫催化剂,对模拟油进行氧化脱硫研究。结果表明,负载金属W制备出的WO3-ZSM-5/SBA-15(ZSM-5质量分数为10%)复合分子筛,脱硫效果最好,脱硫率为75.44%。     

以柠檬酸为成孔剂制备微孔-介孔ZSM-5分子筛的研究

采用NaOH溶液对ZSM-5分子筛进行不同时间预处理,再以柠檬酸为成孔剂,在水热条件下合成了微孔-介孔ZSM-5分子筛,考察碱处理时间对分子筛内部孔道结构的影响。同时测试了分子筛在苯酚叔丁基化反应中的催化活性。结果表明,ZSM-5分子筛经1 mol/L的NaOH溶液处理1 h后加入柠檬酸搅拌2 h,于100℃条件下晶化24 h所形成的微孔-介孔ZSM-5分子筛具有良好的微孔和介孔复合结构。在苯酚叔丁基化反应中表现出良好的催化性能,在反应温度为145℃时,苯酚的转化率为85. 6%,2,4-二叔丁基苯酚的选择性为60. 2%。     

合成条件对SBA-15介孔分子筛晶体结构及水热稳定性影响

以X射线衍射(XRD)为表征手段,研究了SBA-15介孔分子筛合成过程中酸类型、加料顺序和搅拌时间对介孔分子筛晶体结构的影响,结果表明:不同酸合成的SBA-15介孔分子筛的结晶度顺序为高氯酸盐酸硫酸氢氟酸。同时研究了焙烧法和溶剂萃取法去除模板剂对SBA-15介孔分子筛水热稳定性的影响,结果表明:焙烧法去除模板剂后得到的分子筛的水热稳定性更高。     

复合分子筛β∕SBA-15的合成及表征

以β分子筛为部分硅铝源,正硅酸乙酯为硅源,P123为模板剂,采用后合成法在水热条件下制备复合分子筛β/SBA-15。考察了酸浓度、酸体积、晶化温度和晶化时间等合成条件对合成样品的影响。通过XRD、红外(FTIR)、N2吸附-脱附等表征手段对其结构进行了表征,结果表明,酸浓度为6 mol/L,酸体积40 mL,β加入量50%(占样品质量分数),晶化温度110℃,晶化时间48 h为最佳合成条件,β次级结构单元进入SBA-15孔壁中,孔壁变厚。然后,将Hβ、机械混合分子筛、复合样品的苯酚烷基化催化效果进行对比,表明合成样品优于机械混合型分子筛。     

高岭土水热合成ZSM-5及其在甲醇制芳烃中的应用

以高岭土为原料,采用晶种替代模板剂在水热条件下合成ZSM-5分子筛。考察了晶种质量分数、碱硅摩尔比及晶化时间对合成分子筛的影响。用XRD、FESEM、N2吸附-脱附、NH3-TPD等手段对合成样品进行了表征,并在甲醇制芳烃(Methonalto Aromatics,MTA)反应中评价其催化性能。结果表明:晶种质量分数为3%,Na OH/Si O2摩尔比为0.15,晶化时间为24 h,晶化温度为200℃时,合成出的ZSM-5分子筛相对结晶度最高为96%,晶粒为典型六棱柱状,大小约为1μm。合成的ZSM-5分子筛在MTA反应中具有较高的催化活性,BTX和芳烃选择性分别为29.7%和31.6%,较南开ZSM-5原粉分别提高1.5%和0.3%。     

Y/SBA-15复合分子筛的形貌控制及催化正戊烷芳构化性能的研究

以Y分子筛为基体,采用不同的晶化方式合成Y/SBA-15复合分子筛。以正戊烷芳构化反应为探针,考察复合分子筛的芳构化性能。结果表明,晶化时间36 h,晶化温度100℃,晶化次数2次时,得到的是壳核型复合分子筛,对于二甲苯来说,壳核型复合分子筛比混晶型复合分子筛具有较好的选择性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。