Si_3N_4/BAS复相陶瓷材料制备及其性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用新型冷冻胶凝陶瓷成型技术制备高性能Si_3N_4/BAS复相陶瓷透波材料,对Si_3N_4/BAS复相陶瓷材料烧结体成分、力学性能、微观形貌、电性能及抗热震性等进行研究。结果表明:坯体成型收缩率小于1%,在温度升到1 300℃高温时,Si_3N_4/BAS复相陶瓷烧结体弯曲强度280 MPa,弹性模量为90 GPa,介电常数变化率仅为6%。该复相陶瓷材料具有良好的抗热震性能及可加工性,BAS陶瓷玻璃相高温高黏度特性对Si_3N_4/BAS复相陶瓷材料抗热震是一种热应力缓释方式。     

Si_3N_4/BAS复相陶瓷材料制备及其性能

采用新型冷冻胶凝陶瓷成型技术制备高性能Si_3N_4/BAS复相陶瓷透波材料,对Si_3N_4/BAS复相陶瓷材料烧结体成分、力学性能、微观形貌、电性能及抗热震性等进行研究。结果表明:坯体成型收缩率小于1%,在温度升到1 300℃高温时,Si_3N_4/BAS复相陶瓷烧结体弯曲强度280 MPa,弹性模量为90 GPa,介电常数变化率仅为6%。该复相陶瓷材料具有良好的抗热震性能及可加工性,BAS陶瓷玻璃相高温高黏度特性对Si_3N_4/BAS复相陶瓷材料抗热震是一种热应力缓释方式。     

冷冻胶凝成型制备Si3N4复相陶瓷材料的高温力学特性

采用新型冷冻胶凝陶瓷成型技术制备Si_3N_4/钡长石(BaAl_2Si_2O_8,BAS)复相陶瓷材料,研究了不同温度(25～1 400℃)和BAS含量(质量分数)条件下,Si_3N_4/BAS复相陶瓷材料弯曲强度、弯曲模量、弯曲断裂特性以及陶瓷微观结构。结果表明:BAS含量提高可显著提高材料高温力学性能,在1 400℃和40%BAS含量时,Si_3N_4/BAS复相陶瓷材料弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别可达241.0 MPa和92.0 GPa。在25～1 400℃,当BAS含量为30.0%～40.0%时,Si_3N_4/BAS试样加载断裂均表现为脆性断裂模式,此时材料烧结体主要由β-Si_3N_4和BAS两种晶相组成,不含Si_2N_2O晶相。当环境温度为1 500℃空气条件下,不同BAS含量的试样均出现明显的表面氧化现象,温度低于1 400℃时无表面氧化现象。     

烧结温度对含有定向α-Si3N4晶须的Si3N4陶瓷的影响

利用流延成型使α-Si3N4晶须在基体中定向排列,并采用热压烧结技术制备了SGN4陶瓷.用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对陶瓷的物相和显微结构进行了研究,讨论了流延成型对坯体中晶须的分布状态的影响和烧结条件对所得到的块体的显微结构的影响.结果表明:流延成型和热压烧结可以使晶须呈一维定向排布;随着烧结温度的升高,烧结样品的相对密度增大;添加10.6%质量分数)α-Si3N4晶须在1500℃下烧结,Si3N4陶瓷的断裂韧性为9.24MPa·m1/2,Vickers硬度为15.740Pa.在1 600℃α-Si3N4转变成的长柱状β-Si3N4颗粒,大大提高了Si3N4陶瓷的力学性能,其断裂韧性和Vickers硬度分别为10.26MPa·m1/2和16.56GPa.     

反应烧结工艺制备碳纳米管/氮化硅陶瓷基复合材料

用反应烧结工艺在1 550℃制备了碳纳米管(carbon nanotubes,CNTs)/Si3N4陶瓷基复合材料,借助X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、标量分析等分析手段,研究了反应烧结CNTs/Si3N4复合材料的物相组成、化学相容性、力学性能及电磁性能.结果表明:反应烧结CNTs/Si3N4复合材料主要由α-Si3N4和β-Si3N4组成,还含有少量的游离硅.CNTs和Si3N4基体之间具有良好的化学相容性.含有1.0%(质量分数)CNTs的反应烧结CNTs/Si3N4复合材料的抗弯强度为280 MPa,Vickers硬度为8.2 GPa,断裂韧性为2.3 MPa·m1/2,在8～12 GHz(X带)具有明显的微波衰减特性,在10 GHz处的最大衰减值达7 dB,可用作微波吸收材料.     

烧结工艺对Si_3N_4/TiC纳米复合陶瓷材料微观结构及力学性能的影响

以La2O3和Y2O3作为复合烧结助剂,采用热压烧结法制备了Si3N4基复合陶瓷材料。研究了保温时间和烧结助剂含量对复合材料微观结构及力学性能的影响。研究表明:所制备的Si3N4/TiC陶瓷复合材料的微观结构呈现纵横交错、相互嵌套的结构,晶粒尺寸呈现明显的双峰分布特征,单位面积内晶粒数量与烧结助剂含量之间呈线性降低关系。当烧结助剂质量含量为8%时,该复合陶瓷材料具有最优的力学性能,其抗弯强度、断裂韧性和Vickers硬度分别达到943MPa,8.38MPa·m1/2和16.67GPa。     

ZrN+AlN+Y2O3复合助烧结剂对Si3 N4陶瓷烧结性能的影响

对比了ZrN+AlN助烧结剂与ZrN+AlN+Y2O3助烧结剂对1800℃、25 MPa下热压烧成Si3N4陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的影响,并着重对ZrN+AlN+Y2O3复合助烧结剂促进Si3N4陶瓷烧结的机理进行了探讨.结果表明加ZrN+AlN+Y2O3助烧结剂能明显促进Si3N4陶瓷的烧结,提高陶瓷强度,其相对密度可达97.84%,常温弯曲强度为601.21 MPa,断裂韧性达8.9 MPa·m1/2;而加ZrN+AlN助烧结剂的Si3N4陶瓷未致密化.     

氮化烧结制备Si3 N4 -SiC复相陶瓷

以酚醛树脂作为结合剂,以冷等静压方法成型制备氮化烧结Si3N4-SiC复相陶瓷,研究了结合剂对坯体强度和生成材料物相组成的影响。坯体强度随酚醛树脂含量增加而提高,最高强度达到23MPa,实现坯体可直接机械加工。经过氮化烧结,生成材料物相中含有SiC,含量达到7.1%～15.7%,并观察到细小的等轴颗粒αSi3N4、棒状晶粒βSi3N4以及少量针状和晶须状Si3N4。SiC颗粒与Si3N4结合在一起,被Si3N4包裹。Si3N4-SiC复相材料的生成机理:300～600℃,酚醛树脂发生裂解,形成单质C,残碳率为50%;1000～1100℃,C开始与Si发生固相反应,形成SiC;1100℃后,Si开始发生氮化反应,生成Si3N4。     

稀土氧化物对Si3N4陶瓷力学性能和显微组织的影响

采用常压烧结工艺制备了Si3N4-Y2O3-La2O3陶瓷,并对Si3N4陶瓷的力学性能、相组成和显微组织进行了分析和讨论。结果表明:添加4%Y2O3～4%La2O3的复合稀土氧化物后,Si3N4陶瓷呈长柱状的β-Si3N4晶粒,抗弯强度为960MPa,断裂韧性为7.5MPa.m1/2,具有较好的力学性能。     

放电等离子烧结Si3N4/Al2O3纳米复相陶瓷的增韧机理

用放电等离子烧结制备了Si3N4/A12O3纳米复相陶瓷.在1 450℃,当Si3N4质量分数为10%时,Si3N4/A12O3纳米复相陶瓷的韧性达到5.261MPa·m1/2,与纯Al2O3的断裂韧性4.014MPa·m1/2相比提高了31.1%.X射线衍射分析表明在高温烧结形成了sailon相.扫描电镜显微分析显示复相陶瓷具有晶内/晶界混合型结构,增韧机制主要为微裂纹增韧和残余应力增韧.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。