Zr-sn-Nb新型锆合金板材加工过程中不均匀组织与织构演变

利用XRD,SEM-ECC,TEM和EBSD技术,研究了Zr-Sn-Nb系新型锆合金板材加工过程的微观组织及织构演变.结果表明,β相淬火得到的随机织构经热轧后形成沿横向倾斜的基面织构,随后的加工过程均保留该织构;热轧及两次冷轧后的基面织构都为(1010)方向平行于轧向((1010)∥RD),而退火后转变为(1210)方向平行于轧向((1210)∥RD).淬火形成的网状魏氏组织经热轧转变为不均匀形变组织,两次冷轧使组织的不均匀性更显著,最终退火得到完全再结晶组织;轧制形成的难变形晶粒多为晶粒C轴平行于轧板法向(C∥ND)的取向;最终退火板材的大晶粒多为(1210)∥RD的基面织构,小晶粒则以(1010)∥RD为主.结合锆合金的变形及再结晶机制对轧制时产生的不均匀组织及再结晶过程的织构转变进行了分析.     

Zr-Nb、Zr-Sn-Nb合金轧制板材织构分析

采用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术对Zr-Nb、Zr-Sn-Nb两类锆合金的终轧退火板材组织、织构进行了研究,并对再结晶晶粒的取向差进行了表征。结果表明,两类锆合金经终轧退火后都得到了均匀细小的再结晶组织,多数晶粒尺寸在2～5μm之间;两种合金中形成的第二相差别很大,Zr-Sn-Nb合金中第二相均匀弥散,而Zr-Nb合金中第二相则存在两种形态;两种合金退火后织构均为基面平行于轧面的取向织构,并向TD方向偏转一定角度,且多数晶粒的1210∥RD方向。     

Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe锆合金板材轧制及热处理过程中的晶粒组织演变

采用光学显微镜(OM)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析研究了Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe锆合金板材在热轧及退火→中间冷轧及退火→成品轧制及退火的全工艺流程中晶粒组织的演变规律。结果表明,热轧后合金组织沿轧制方向呈带状分布,晶粒粗大并破碎变形;中间冷轧和成品轧制后合金为沿轧制方向带状分布的细小形变组织,合金组织明显细化;中间退火和成品退火后合金中晶粒再结晶程度较热轧退火时明显提高,晶粒取向差逐渐向正态分布变化,晶粒组织也逐渐均匀化和细化,最终获得细小、均匀分布的完全再结晶晶粒组织,晶粒度12级。     

冷轧Zr-1Sn-0.3Nb-0.3Fe-0.1Cr合金在退火过程中的组织演变及再结晶行为（英文）

通过硬度测试、SEM、TEM及EBSD研究变形量、退火温度及时间对冷轧Zr-1Sn-0.3Nb-0.3Fe-0.1Cr合金再结晶行为及动力学的影响。结果表明,该合金的再结晶速率随着退火温度的升高及冷轧变形量的增加而加快。退火过程中再结晶晶粒在位错缠结的高储能处优先形核长大。板材织构由?1010?//RD的基面织构转变为?1120?//RD的基面织构。再结晶晶粒形成较多的30°取向差。同时,通过JMAK方程拟合出合金再结晶动力学参数及30%、50%和70%变形量条件下的再结晶图,获得其再结晶激活能分别为240、249和180 k J/mol。     

不同冷轧路径下ZX21镁合金板材织构及力学性能调控机理

研究轧制路径对ZX21镁合金板材织构分布和屈服各向异性的影响。结果表明:单向轧制板材形变织构为双峰基面织构,退火后呈现出垂直于冷轧方向分布的非基面双峰的织构特征。再结晶织构的分布与晶粒的定向形核和选择性长大有关,多向轧制可弱化晶粒取向分布的方向性,其晶粒尺寸相比单向轧制有所减小,退火后形成均匀分布的圈状织构,大幅降低沿轧面各个方向拉伸时基面滑移的施密特因子差异,改善板面内的力学性能各向异性,提高板材的成型性。     

不同终轧压下量下AZ31镁合金板材的微观组织与力学性能研究

研究了高温轧制、不同压下量(10%～20%)下AZ31镁合金板材的微观组织、织构、力学性能与室温成形性能演变。结果表明,对于轧制态板材而言,不同压下量的板材中孪生仍然是主要变形模式,这主要是由终轧道次压下量相对较小,不足以引起动态再结晶但足以引起孪生导致。与终轧压下量10%的板材相比,20%的轧制板材表现出较大的晶粒尺寸和较弱的基面织构强度。退火后,板材表现出基轴向RD方向偏转±9.6°～±12°的双峰织构特征。与轧制态相比,退火态的基面织构显著弱化,这主要是由于板材在退火过程中的静态再结晶作用。随着终轧压下量由10%增加至20%,退火板材的基面织构显著减弱,使其r值降低、n值增大,从而引起板材室温杯突值由4.3 mm提高为6.3 mm。     

Ti-6Al-4V合金的温轧织构演变

本研究采用取向分布函数(ODF)详细分析了具有等轴组织的Ti-6Al-4V热轧退火板在450、600和750℃下经过约45%的温轧压下量后沿层厚的宏观织构演变。结果表明采用多道次温轧的方法成功获得可改善Ti-6Al-4V合金力学性能各向异性的纤维织构ND//hkil和基面织构(0001)[2110]或(0001)[1210]。而且,轧板通体上均形成了ND//hkil纤维织构,中心层的横向织构(1210)[1010]随轧制温度而变化,表层的基面织构通过位错滑移累积剪切应变而产生,且基面织构的形成路径依赖于初始取向。     

退火温度对新型锆合金薄板带材析出相和织构的影响

采用扫描电镜和超高分辨透射电镜,对具有良好冲制性能的新型锆合金薄板成品带材进行含晶粒、第二相粒子等在内的显微组织研究,并探索真空退火处理条件下温度对带材显微组织的影响。结果显示:新型锆合金薄板成品带材晶粒平均尺寸2.17 μm,存在{0001}<1010>和{0001}<1120>两种织构,大部分晶粒<1120>平行带材RD方向,较少晶粒<1010>平行带材RD方向;第二相粒子分布在晶粒内部及晶界,平均尺寸114 nm,尺寸较大的为不规则椭圆形的Zr-Nb-Fe相,尺寸较小的为圆形的β-Nb相;热处理退火温度降低,带材晶粒尺寸减小,第二相粒子细小弥散分布;新型锆合金薄板成品带材良好冲制性能主要源于轧制积累应变诱发再结晶过程进行充分,导致晶粒细小及孪晶发生破碎;相对轧制变形,退火对带材冲制性能影响不显著。     

退火温度对冷轧商业纯钛板材组织和力学性能的影响（英文）

传统的商业纯钛(CP-Ti)合金强度往往不能满足结构材料的需求。为了提高其力学性能,对冷轧CP-Ti合金在不同温度下退火,并详细研究其再结晶行为和织构演变。结果表明,部分再结晶形成的双态结构(等轴和拉长的晶粒)表现出极限抗拉强度(702MPa)和总伸长率(36.4%)的优异结合。CP-Ti板材的再结晶形核优先发生在高应变和大角度晶界区域。同时,变形不均匀晶粒的内部取向差增大并转变成大角度晶界,进一步促进再结晶形核。主要再结晶织构是由冷轧基面RD-分裂织构转变而来的基面TD-分裂织构,再结晶过程中定向形核起主导作用。     

冷轧Mg-Zn-Ca镁合金板材的织构演变和力学性能

系统地研究了弱织构的Mg-Zn-Ca合金板材在交叉冷轧和后续单向冷轧过程中的织构演变及力学性能。结果表明:合金板材交叉冷轧后的退火织构呈椭圆形分布。后续单向冷轧退火后的织构演变成环形分布的均匀织构。退火初期形成的再结晶晶粒与最终的完全再结晶晶粒的取向分布几乎是一致的。再结晶晶核的取向相对于变形母体晶粒具有较大的分散性,这造成退火织构的均匀随机分布,从而减小板材的面内各向异性。     

Microstructure and texture evolution of AZ31 magnesium alloy during rolling

The production of magnesium alloy sheets normally involves several processing stages including hot rolling,cold rolling and intermediate annealing.The microstructure and texture evolution of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets in different processing states were investigated by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction technique.It is found that the microstructure of hot-rolled sheets is dominated by recrystallized equiaxed grains,while that of cold-rolled sheets is dominated by deformation twins.With final annea...     

ZK60镁合金异步降温轧制显微组织与力学性能的演变（英文）

将异步降温轧制应用于制造沿轧制方向具有弱基面织构的细晶ZK60镁合金板。结果表明,多道次降温轧制可以显著改善显微结构的均匀性,细化晶粒尺寸。同时,在轧制过程中逐渐形成沿横向的纤维织构。重要的是,沿轧向的剪切变形使基面的c轴向轧向旋转,削弱沿此方向的基面织构。受这种显微结构变化的影响,由于连续的晶粒细化和柱面滑移的增加,沿横向的屈服强度持续增加,而由于应变硬化能力的下降,均匀伸长率下降。相反,沿轧向的基面织构的持续减弱大大抵消晶粒细化所带来的强化效果,从而导致屈服强度的轻微下降。     

Annealing behaviour of Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy sheet obtained by a combination of high-temperature rolling and subsequent warm rolling

The recrystallization and grain growth behaviour of Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy sheets with a deformation microstructure, obtained by a combination of high-temperature rolling and subsequent warm rolling, was investigated at different stages of annealing. The basal texture was significantly weakened as a result of the formation of new grains with a largely altered c-axis orientation relative to the initial basal orientation owing to discontinuous static recrystallization during primary recrystallization. The new grains nucleated mostly at the pre-existing grain boundaries rather than at the intersections of twins or within the twins. Subsequent grain growth led to further progression of the texture weakening accompanied by an enhancement in the basal pole inclination.     

摩擦轧压表面处理及退火处理中纯钛的微观组织与织构演化(英文)

通过一种新的摩擦轧压表面处理工艺(FRSP)对纯钛板材表面进行加工,引入的应变沿材料厚度方向成梯度分布。采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射对FRSP加工后的纯钛的微观组织进行观察发现在钛材表面形成了超微细晶粒,且具有明显织构,其方向与FRSP的加工方向有关。另外,对FRSP处理后的钛材在不同温度和时间下进行退火处理,通过EBSD研究织构的形成及其在退火过程中的演变规律。结果表明:在低温退火过程中,钛板材表层主要存在FRSP后形成的织构,而原有的典型轧制织构减少,可见,通过FRSP及后续退火可有效地控制钛材表面的微观组织与织构。     

脉冲电流轧制对AZ31镁合金微观组织与力学性能的影响

对比研究脉冲电流轧制工艺与温轧工艺对AZ31镁合金板材的力学性能、织构、微观组织与沉淀相等方面的影响。结果表明：脉冲电流具有促进冷轧AZ31镁合金低温再结晶能力的作用。脉冲电流轧制后的镁合金板材组织由细小的等轴再结晶粒与析出相构成,没有发现孪晶组织,并且完全再结晶,原始晶粒均被细小的再结晶晶粒取代,再结晶晶粒内的位错密度低。而温轧镁合金组织则由稍拉长变形孪晶、粗大的再结晶晶粒和析出相构成,再结晶的晶粒内位错密度高。两种轧制方式下的镁合金析出相均为Mg17Al12。脉冲电流轧制后镁合金的织构具有典型基面织构的特征,而脉冲电流轧制镁合金的织构则出现横向偏转;脉冲电流轧制后镁合金的屈服强度与伸长率均比温轧镁合金的大,但抗拉强度正好相反。     

Comparison of equal channel angular pressing and cold rolling in the evolution of microstructure and texture in zirconium

Evolution characteristics of the microstructure and texture of severely deformed commercial purity Zr702 were studied. The mode of the severe deformation was either heavy cold rolling or equal channel angular (ECA) pressing. Equiaxed grains, present prior to the deformation, became elongated during deformation along the rolling direction or along the maximum shear direction for the case of cold rolling or that of ECA pressing, respectively. ECA pressing transformed the initial fiber texture to a quite different component, which was also the case for cold rolling. In both cases, the maximum intensity of texture increased with the amount of deformation. Complete recrystallization was realized upon subsequent heat treatment lasting 100 min. at 600°C, and the evolution characteristics of texture and microstructure were also similar for both modes of deformation. These similarities in the microstructure and texture were attributed to the particular route of ECA pressing employed in the present study, i.e., route A. It is therefore concluded that the deformation and annealing behaviors in this particular route of ECA pressing are essentially very close to those of cold rolling.     

Texture Evolution Behavior and Its Triggered Mechanical Anisotropy of CP Ti During Severe Cold Rolling and Subsequent Annealing

The texture evolution behavior and its triggered mechanical anisotropy of commercially pure titanium(CP Ti) during severe cold rolling and subsequent annealing are discussed based on the optical microscopy and the electron backscattered diffraction analyses. Some enlightening results are found. It is shown that planar textures exist under all treatments, namely the {11–29}10–10 under rolling state, the {11–27}10–10 under 300 °C annealing state and the {11–24}10–10 under 500 °C annealing state. This indicates that the crystal plane indices of planar texture change toward {-12–10} with increasing annealing temperature, which is a result of crystal lattice rotation. Planar texture triggers anisotropy of the mechanical properties for CP Ti sheets under all treatments. In particular, CP Ti sheets exhibit severe and similar anisotropy behavior under rolling and 300 °C annealing states. Generally speaking, the rolling direction(RD) specimens get relatively low yield strength, high ultimate tensile strength and good plasticity, and RD + 45° specimens show relatively high yield strength, low ultimate tensile strength and good plasticity. The transverse direction specimens, however, usually exhibit high yield strength and low plasticity. It is proved that the above anisotropy behavior is mainly determined by the Schmid factor distribution of the(10–10)[11–20] prismatic slip system in different directions. Due to the non-negligible influence exerted by the(0001)[11–20] basal slip system after 500 °C annealing, the anisotropy behavior under this state is obviously different.     

冷变形N18合金再结晶过程中的织构演变

采用电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD),对30％冷轧变形量的N18锆合金在530℃再结晶退火过程中轧面(RD-TD)和切面(RD-ND)的显微组织和织构进行了表征和分析.对于轧面,初始晶粒取向是<0001>//ND,再结晶晶粒取向主要是<0001>//ND和<1(2)10>//RD;对于切面,初始晶粒取向主要是<10(1)...     

Influences of the Texture Characteristic and Interdendritic LPSO Phase Distribution on the Tensile Properties of Mg–Gd–Y–Zn–Zr Sheets Through Hot Rolling

The Mg–Gd–Y–Zn–Zr alloy sheets with different texture characteristics and distribution of the interdendritic long periodstacking ordered(LPSO) phases were fabricated through altering the final rolling reduction(FRR). The results showed that the texture characteristic was closely related to FRR and affected the tensile properties of the resulted sheets to some extent. The Schmid factor(SF) of the basal 〈a〉 slip improved with further FRR, which was ascribed to that the dynamic recrystallization(DRX) grains expand into the deformed grains with basal texture. However, the improvement of the tensile yield strength(TYS) with further FRR indicates that the strengthening effect from DRX grains surpasses the weakening effect from the elevated SF. The formation of the line-distributed interdendritic 14 H-LPSO phases can also affect the tensile properties of the resulted sheets. The line-distributed interdendritic 14 H-LPSO phases along rolling direction(RD) can act as reinforcing fiber and contribute to the higher TYS along RD and 45° to some extent, which resulted in the higher TYS along 45° compared with that along transverse direction(TD) for each resulted sheet under the circumstance of approximate basal 〈a〉 and pyramid 〈c + a〉 friction stress. Thus, the tensile yield strength is not only related to the texture, but also depends on the grain size and line-distributed interdendritic LPSO phases. The micro-cracks spread perpendicular to the tension direction, and thus, the larger cracks form within the line-distributed 14 H-LPSO phases during tension along TD, which accounts for the lower fracture elongation along TD.