内部热耦合空分塔混合建模

空分是国民经济发展不可或缺的行业,其能耗是该行业发展的瓶颈。内部热耦合空分塔（ITCASC）改变了传统空分塔结构,可达到良好的节能效果,是空分节能控制研究的前沿。本文提出了一种ITCASC混合建模方法,用液相组成、压强和相平衡温度的PCA-CGA-RBF统计模型,代替传统机理建模中泡点法计算温度的过程,可以显著提高模型求解效率。研究结果表明,混合模型求解时间从机理模型的31.06 s减少为11.18 s,减少了64.01%,而模型精度基本不变,有助于进一步的优化控制研究。     

内部热耦合塔的热力学分析和节能研究

提出了一种运用熵法对内部热耦合塔可逆性进行分析的方法。以乙醇-水体系为例证明了热耦合塔相比于传统塔较优的节能优势，并确定了该塔的最佳操作范围。本文根据热力学第二定律，对热耦合塔的热力学效率以及熵增的公式进行推导，从理论上证明了热耦合塔在节能方面优于传统塔，又结合实验数据分别对其进行了详细计算。结果表明：为实现两塔段间较优的传热推动力，将该塔的可操作压缩比初步缩小到1.8~2.6；压缩比为2.2时塔顶塔釜能耗最低；压缩比为2.5时，全塔热力学效率最高；操作压缩比操作范围在2.2~2.5时，全塔的熵增优于全部操作范围内的平均值，认为在该范围内热耦合塔的可逆性更高，节能效果更优。综合考虑能耗、热力学效率及熵增等各项参数，压缩比2.2~2.5为该塔的最佳操作范围。     

内部热耦合-上置隔壁塔的设计与优化

为了提高化工分离过程的节能效果、扩展内部热耦合精馏塔以及隔壁塔的运用,提出了内部热耦合-上置隔壁塔(ITC-TDWC)的新结构。以甲醇-乙醇-正丙醇三元混合物系作为研究对象,选用进料比例为0.5、0.25、0.25,以上置隔壁塔(TDWC)的结构为基础并结合发展内部热耦合(ITC)来设计ITC-TDWC的最优化结构。在最终确定ITC-TDWC的最优结构后,将该结构的回收年限、能耗等数据与TDWC进行了对比分析,结果表明,ITC-TDWC在达到三元混合物分离要求的同时,回收年限会略有增加,但节能效果显著,比TDWC的分离过程节能约30%。     

内部热耦合反应精馏塔塔构型的研究

以乙酸甲酯水解为例,利用模拟软件Aspen Plus建立了内部热耦合反应精馏塔模型,研究了内部热耦合反应精馏塔各种可能塔构型的节能效果,并且在相同的产品要求和最小传热温差下对内部热耦合反应精馏塔各构型的能耗进行了对比。结果表明,塔构型对乙酸甲酯水解的内部热耦合反应精馏流程的操作性能有重要的影响,并且存在最佳构型。其最佳构型的特征为,反应段全部在内部热耦合反应精馏塔的精馏塔内且精馏塔与提馏塔中理论板均参与传热的塔构型。     

内部热耦合精馏塔节能特性研究

以苯-甲苯作为分离物系,对内部热耦合精馏塔进行模拟计算。模拟结果表明内部热耦合精馏塔的温度及液相流率分布等特性与传统精馏塔存在较大差异,分析讨论了压缩比对内部热耦合精馏塔特性的影响。文章对精馏装置节能改建具有重要指导意义。     

内部热耦合精馏塔的传热及优化

为研究同轴式内部热耦合精馏塔（HIDiC）在不同压缩比下的传热量和传热系数,以乙醇-水为分离物系,在自制中试装置中进行了实验研究。建立了同轴式HIDiC的传热模型即利用闪蒸罐代替塔板,计算进出闪蒸罐物流的焓值差,从而得到精馏段与提馏段板间换热量,并通过划分区域的方法计算了传热系数。以年度总费用（TAC）作为优化指标研究了实现外回流为零时所需的外部换热器的个数。结果表明：当压缩比为2.2时,塔间传热量最大,冷凝器和再沸器的负荷最低,且压缩比与传热系数的关系为负相关;随着精馏段与提馏段板间最小换热温差的增大,所需外部换热器个数不断减少,TAC呈现降低的趋势,当外部换热器个数为1,即热量耦合位置为精馏段第一块板与提馏段第一块板时,TAC最低。     

基于热耦合的分隔塔装置的研究进展

从热耦合的角度介绍了几种新型的精馏装置—分隔塔 ,着重于介绍分隔塔在三组分、四组分混合物的分离上的应用 ,并给出了用于三组分分离的分隔塔的数学模型。     

基于塔总组合曲线的内部热耦合精馏塔优化设计方法

基于塔总组合曲线（CGCC）,提出了一种简化内部热耦合精馏塔（HIDiC）结构的图形设计方法。在完成精馏段（或提馏段）单塔段中间换热器优化设置的基础上,结合精馏段与提馏段CGCC的集成图,以HIDiC的可减小过程总（火用）损为目标,确定HIDiC热耦合中间换热器的最优设计。以苯乙烯-乙苯HIDiC为例,计算结果表明,设置中间换热器后,HIDiC可减小过程总（火用）损最大值为1.951 MW,HIDiC的冷凝器、再沸器负荷分别下降63.6%和68.4%;热耦合中间换热器分别设置于精馏段第2、12、和38块塔板,提馏段第20、28和36块塔板,热负荷依次为0.841、1.496和2.053 MW。     

基于内模控制的内部热耦合精馏策略

精馏过程约占工业总能耗的1/3,其节能控制潜力很大。内部热耦合精馏(ITCDIC)是迄今为止所提出的节能效果最好(比常规精馏节能40%以上)却没有商业化的节能技术。主要原因在于该过程具有较强的非线性、复杂的动态特性以及耦合性,给控制方案的设计带来了极大的困难。通过建立更为精确的二阶内部模型,提出了一种有效的ITCDIC内模控制方案。实例研究结果表明,与传统控制方案PID相比,控制品质更加稳定可靠;同时,与目前国际上公开报道的最好结果相比,该控制方案有更广泛的操作域,鲁棒性更强。     

三组元全热耦合精馏过程的模拟计算

本文利用Aspen软件对三组分进料全热耦合精馏的分离流程进行设计和模拟,建立了相应的具体计算步骤。首先利用三塔模型把热耦合精馏过程简化为3个单独的简单清晰分割塔,通过简捷法设计和模拟得到塔板数和回流比等初值后进行严格法模拟,得到热耦合精馏的数据和操作条件。然后采用Aspen软件中的RadFrac模型,将三塔模型的模拟初值代入全热耦合模块进行严格模拟。结果表明,采用全热耦合精馏分离C4三组分比传统精馏的直接序列和间接序列节能约为20%。     

Nonlinear wave modeling and dynamic analysis of internal thermally coupled distillation columns

Internal thermally coupled distillation column (ITCDIC) is a frontier in the energy saving distillation research. It is well known for the complex dynamics, which challenge the establishment of an excellent reduced model for further control strategy design greatly. In this article, a physical approach of the ITCDIC process based on nonlinear wave theory is explored, where it is first discovered that traditional wave theory in conventional distillation columns (CDIC) could not be directly applied in ITCDIC, due to: First, the internal thermal coupling results in mole flow rates varying evidently over each stage, which not only makes the wave modeling of the wave phenomenon in ITCDIC more difficult but also makes wave dynamics greatly different between ITCDIC and CDIC; Second, an interesting wave phenomenon of ITCDIC is discovered that waves located in the rectifying section and stripping section travel under opposite tendencies when the steady state is disturbed by the step change of thermal condition q, one sharpens and the other is likely to spread synchronously, it means the movement of wave profiles in ITCDIC could not be simply described by shock wave velocity, which is usually used in wave modeling of CDIC; more seriously, shapes of the self‐sharpening wave profiles in ITCDIC change obviously during the traveling processes, which further reveals that shape influence on wave velocity has to be considered in the wave modeling of ITCDIC. A rigorous wave velocity and a natural wave velocity are derived, respectively, based on which, the detailed analyses of traveling wave characteristics are carried out. A novel wave velocity, based on the profile trial function which has been well developed by Marquardt, is further derived to consider the obvious change of profile shape. And a completed nonlinear wave model of ITCDIC is thereby established by combining the proposed wave velocity with thermal coupling relations and material balance relations. The benzene‐toluene system is illustrated as an example, where component concentration prediction and distinct dynamic characteristics are carried out in detail based on the proposed nonlinear wave models. The research results reveal the accuracy and validity of the proposed nonlinear wave model of ITCDIC. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012     

Adaptive generalised predictive control of high purity internal thermally coupled distillation column

Internal thermally coupled distillation column (ITCDIC) is a frontier in the energy‐saving distillation researches. One of the bottlenecks to prevent the column from being commercialised is the difficulty in control design due to the high sensitivity to disturbances, strong asymmetric nonlinearity and inverse response especially under high purity. An adaptive multivariable generalised predictive control (AM‐GPC) strategy of ITCDIC process is proposed to solve the difficulties in high purity. The simulation results of AM‐GPC are compared with single input and single output GPC (S‐GPC), multivariable GPC (M‐GPC), modified IMC (M‐IMC) and traditional PID control in detail. The performances confirm the accuracy and validity of AM‐GPC for the high‐purity ITCDIC process. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

完全能量耦合精馏塔的设计、模拟与优化

本文针对完全能量耦合精馏塔,基于Fenske-Underwood-Gilliland方程建立了完整的简捷设计方法,得到了各塔的实际理论板数、适宜的进料和侧线液相采出位置以及各塔回流比等参数。并在此基础上通过严格模拟,对完全热耦合精馏塔的中间组分分配比β、气相分割比R_v和液相分割比R_l等参数进行了优化,得出了它们对再沸器热负荷的影响规律。     

Synthesis of complex thermally coupled distillation systems including divided wall columns

The design of thermally coupled distillation sequences explicitly including the possibility of divided wall columns (DWC) is described. A DWC with a single wall can be considered thermodynamically equivalent to a fully thermally coupled (FTC) subsystem formed by three separation tasks (a Petlyuk configuration in the case of three‐component mixtures). It is shown how to systematically identify all the sequences of separation tasks that can produce configurations that include at least a DWC. Feasible sequences that explicitly include DWCs are enforced through a set of logical relationships in terms of Boolean variables. These logical relationships include as feasible alternatives from conventional columns (each column must have a condenser and a reboiler) to FTC systems (only one reboiler and one condenser in the entire system). A comprehensive disjunctive programming formulation for finding the optimal solution is presented. The model is based on the Fenske, Underwood Gilliland equations. However, the disjunctive formulation allows easily the use of any other shortcut, aggregated or even rigorous model without modifying much the structure of the model. Two illustrative examples illustrate the procedure. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1139–1159, 2013     

TCS-S热偶精馏过程的最优控制

根据严格逐板计算的结果，运用差分法求出灵敏度系数，对TCS-S热偶精馏进行灵敏度分析，确定灵敏板的位置即确定最优控制点，在此基础上选择最优控制方案，实现TCS-S热偶精馏塔的最优设计。     

TCS-S热偶精馏过程的优化设计

建立了TCS－S热偶精馏过程优化设计的数学模型，给出非精晰分割精馏塔最小回流比的求解方法，并给出简捷计算和严格计算的求解过程，编制了计算机程序。用苯－甲苯－乙苯物系为例进行考核计算，与普通塔的两个分离序列进行比较，节能效果十分显著。     

Thermodynamic analysis, simulationand optimization on energy savings of ideal internal thermally coupleddistillation columns

Internal thermally coupled distillation columns (ITCDIC) are the frontier of distillation energy saving research. In this paper, a novel energy saving model of ideal ITCDIC and a simulation algorithm are presented,upon which a series of comparative studies on energy savings with conventional distillation columns are carried out. Furthermore, we present an optimization model of ideal ITCDIC, which can be used to achieve the maximum energy saving and find the optimal design parameters directly. The binary system of benzene-toluene is adopted for the illustrative example of simulation and optimization. The results show that the maximum energy saving of ITCDIC is 52.25% (compared with energy consumption of conventional distillation under the minimum reflux ratio operation); the optimal design parameters are obtained, where the rectifying section pressure and the feed thermal condition are Pr=0.3006 MPa and q=0.5107 respectively.