移动机器人路径规划的仿真研究

研究移动机器人路径优化问题,由于移动机器人寻优中存在定位稳定性和避障准确性问题,机器人路径规划不仅找到一条无碰撞、安全的移动机器人路径,而且要求路径尽可能最短。传统单一栅格法和遗传算法搜索最优路径效率低,难以全局最优路径。为了获得机器人全局最优路径,提出一种栅格法和混沌遗传算法相融合的移动机器人路径规划方法。首先采用栅格法对移动路径进行规划,作为遗传算法的初始种群,采用遗传算法进一步寻找最优路径。最后对移动机器人路径规划进行仿真,结果表明,混合算法可以很好地避免障碍物,快速找到一条机器人最优移动路径,十分适合于复杂环境路径规划。     

基于改进遗传算法的机器人路径规划与仿真

针对标准遗传算法解决机器人处于障碍环境下寻找最优路径局部寻优精度较差、规划效率低的问题,提出一种改进遗传算法的机器人路径规划方法。该算法采用一维编码表示路径,构造了路径最优化的目标函数和适应度函数,利用多个种群拓宽搜索空间,提高了规划效率,采用保优选择策略,避免陷入局部最优。仿真结果表明,改进遗传算法比标准遗传算法路径规划质量高,能够获得平滑的低代价路径,稳定性好,是机器人路径规划的一种较好的方法,且具有一定的推广意义。     

一种基于测地线的机器人轨迹规划方法

提出了一种基于测地线的机器人轨迹规划方法.该方法克服了传统的轨迹规划方法的某些不足,其规划是在关节空间(黎曼空间)内进行的,规划目标是直角坐标空间内的直线,即两点之间的最短路径,也可以是系统动能最小,或某项综合指标最优.该规划方法直接得到机器人的各关节的转角和角速度,无需进行运动学反解和多项式插值.本文的基于测地线的轨迹规划是以轨迹弧长作为参考变量的,因此它还具有非时间参考的机器人轨迹规 划的优点.􀁱     

基于遗传算法的焊接机器人路径规划应用研究

焊接机器人路径规划对于提高机器人的焊接效率至关重要。传统的机械臂焊接规划采用示教-再现方式,这种焊接模式难以达到高效率、低耗能的要求。对焊接机器人路径规划问题以及遗传算法进行研究,从时间最优角度重点对遗传编码方式、适应度函数、选择、交叉、变异等进行了分析,并采用VS2010对焊接机器人进行仿真,该遗传算法明显提高了焊接机器人的焊接效率。     

基于Fast Marching方法的多目标点路径规划的研究

目前,水下自主机器鱼已经被应用于对水域多个目标点依次进行水质监测,因此有必要研究多个目标点的路径规划。针对遍历多个目标点的路径规划问题,提出一种Multi-Direction Fast Marching（MDFM）方法和遗传算法相结合的路径规划方法。该方法首先使用MDFM方法对工作站和多个目标点两两之间进行路径规划,然后使用遗传算法规划出遍历所有点的最短路径,最后通过仿真实验验证算法的可行性。     

基于遗传算法的六自由度机器人焊接路径规划

对六自由度焊接机器人的轨迹焊接问题,提出了基于遗传算法的路径规划方法。通过D-H法,建立六自由度焊接机器人的运动方程,以系统总的能量损耗为适应度函数,利用遗传算法,给出优化路径。并以实际中的某型号六自由度焊接机器人为例,通过仿真实验证明了该方法的正确性与可行性。     

一种车型机器人路径规划方法

在自主移动机器人的许多应用中,路径规划技术顺序地设置一套分散的路径点来引导机器人以最短的时间从起始位置到达目标点。针对移动机器人路径规划问题,提出了一种非完整型机器人路径规划技术,该技术采用基本原子操纵方法来解决车型机器人路径规划问题,并采用平滑路径规划方法来产生更多的连续路径用以解决基本原子操纵技术在做路径规划时具有很不连续的缺点从而为机器人获得最优路径。仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

最短路径问题及其解法研究

最短路径问题是在给定的网络图中寻找出一务从起始点到目标点之间的最短路径。该文分别从动态规划、Dijkstra、A＊算法、遗传算法这四种算法设计方法入手,概述了各种设计方法的原理,提出了求解最短路径的算法思想,并对算法进行分析．提出了改进方法。     

多机器人协作搬运路径规划研究

针对多机器人协作系统,提出了一种新的混合定点转动和遗传算法的方法,解决其协作路径规划问题。该方法利用遗传算法并行计算、不易陷入局部最优的优点,具备概率上寻找全局最优解的能力,同时结合了定点转动法易实现、有效减少单机器人路径浪费的优点。仿真实验结果表明,该规划方法运算速度较快,在得到有效规划路径的同时,也易于实现对单机器人的控制。     

人工蜂群算法在移动机器人路径规划中的应用

研究机器人路径规划优化问题,机器人工作环境复杂,运动路径上存在许多障碍物.针对提高机器人安全导航性能问题,传统群智能算法存在早熟、搜索效率低等难题,难以获得全局最优路径.为了获得最优机器人运动路径,避免碰撞的发生,提出了一种人工蜂群算法的机器人路径规划方法.首先采用栅格法对机器人工作环境进行建模,然后机器人路径规划目标点作为蜜源,最后蜂群之间信息交换、协作搜索最优机器人运动路径.结果表明,人工蜂群算法解决了传统群智能算法存在的难题,加快了机器人路径规划求解速度,以较短时间找到最短机器人运动路径.     

Dual hierarchical genetic-optimal control: A new global optimal path planning method for robots

A new two-stage analytical-evolutionary algorithm considering dynamic equations is presented to find global optimal path. The analytical method is based on the indirect open loop optimal control problem and the evolutionary method is based on genetic algorithm (GA). Initial solutions, as start points of optimal control problem, are generated by GA to be used by optimal control. Then, a new sub-optimal path is generated through optimal control. The cost function is calculated for every optimal solution and the best solutions are chosen for the next step. The obtained path is used by GA to produce new generation of start points. This process continues until the minimum cost value is achieved. In addition, a new GA operator is introduced to be compatible with optimal control. It is used to select the pair chromosomes for crossover. The proposed method eliminates the problem of optimal control (being trapped in locally optimal point) and problem of GA (lack of compatibility with analytical dynamic equations). Hence problem is formulated and verification is done by comparing the results with a recent work in this area. Furthermore effectiveness of the method is approved by a simulation study for spatial non-holonomic mobile manipulators through conventional optimal control and the new proposed algorithm.     

基于改进遗传与模拟退火融合的RISP软硬件划分

软硬件划分是可重构指令集处理器在软硬件协同设计中的关键问题,通过对比遗传算法和经典模拟退火算法的优缺点,提出改进遗传算法的适应度函数,同时将Tsallis接受准则引入到经典模拟退火当中;其思路是用遗传算法的结果来制约模拟退火算法产生的随机状态,然后由模拟退火的接受准则以及产生的随机状态函数对遗传算法的种群进行更新,从而找到全局近似最优解;实验结果证明,改进算法与单一遗传算法以及经典模拟退火算法相比,其收敛速度和适应度更好,找到全局近似最优解的概率更大。     

基于自适应蚁群优化算法的认知决策引擎

认知决策引擎的设计是认知无线电系统中的一项关键技术,它的主要功能是依据通信环境的变化和用户需求动态地配置无线电工作参数。提出了一种基于自适应蚁群算法的认知决策引擎来实现工作参数的最优化配置。该算法在基本蚁群算法的基础上加入了路径选择机制和信息素挥发因子自适应调整机制,保证了算法的全局搜索能力和收敛速度,有效地避免了容易陷入局部最优解的缺陷。仿真结果表明,在不同的环境下基于该算法的认知引擎比GA和ACO算法具有更好的性能。     

Strategies for multiobjective genetic algorithm development: Application to optimal batch plant design in process systems engineering

This work deals with multiobjective optimization problems using Genetic Algorithms (GA). A MultiObjective GA (MOGA) is proposed to solve multiobjective problems combining both continuous and discrete variables. This kind of problem is commonly found in chemical engineering since process design and operability involve structural and decisional choices as well as the determination of operating conditions. In this paper, a design of a basic MOGA which copes successfully with a range of typical chemical engineering optimization problems is considered and the key points of its architecture described in detail. Several performance tests are presented, based on the influence of bit ranging encoding in a chromosome. Four mathematical functions were used as a test bench. The MOGA was able to find the optimal solution for each objective function, as well as an important number of Pareto optimal solutions. Then, the results of two multiobjective case studies in batch plant design and retrofit were presented, showing the flexibility and adaptability of the MOGA to deal with various engineering problems.     

基于SA的改进遗传算法的测试数据生成研究

测试数据的自动生成研究是软件测试的一个焦点问题,测试数据的自动生成可以提高测试工作效率,节约测试成本.考虑遗传算法(GA)和模拟退火算法(SA)各自优缺点,提出遗传/模拟退火(GASA)混合算法的策略,在标准的GA中融入SA,在GA的局部搜索中引入SA,SA的随机状态受限于遗传优化算法的结果,GA的种群更新是由SA的退温算法和随机状态产生函数来控制,从而得到最优解.GA-SA算法取长补短,提高了算法的全局和局部搜索能力,能避免GA过早收敛,提高了算法搜索最优解的能力.实验结果表明,GASA算法寻找最优解所需的迭代次数明显优于标准GA.     

An innovative framework for designing genetic algorithm structures

Genetic Algorithms are popular optimization algorithms, often used to solve complex large scale optimization problems in many fields. Like other meta-heuristic algorithms, Genetic Algorithms can only provide a probabilistic guarantee of the global optimal solution. Having a Genetic Algorithm (GA) capable of finding the global optimal solution with high success probability is always desirable. In this article, an innovative framework for designing an effective GA structure that can enhance the GA's success probability of finding the global optimal solution is proposed. The GA designed with the proposed framework has three innovations. First, the GA is capable of restarting its search process, based on adaptive condition, to jump out of local optima, if being trapped, to enhance the GA's exploration. Second, the GA has a local solution generation module which is integrated in the GA loop to enhance the GA's exploitation. Third, a systematic method based on Taguchi Experimental Design is proposed to tune the GA parameter set to balance the exploration and exploitation to enhance the GA capability of finding the global optimal solution. Effectiveness of the proposed framework is validated in 20 large-scale case study problems in which the GA designed by the proposed framework always outperforms five other algorithms available in the global optimization literature.     

一种蚂蚁遗传融合的机器人路径规划新算法

针对栅格法建模的不足,本文研究一种全新的蚂蚁算法与遗传算法融合的机器人路径规划算法.该方法首先用栅格法建立机器人运动空间模型,在此基础上利用蚂蚁算法进行全局搜索得到全局导航路径,然后用遗传算法局部调节全局导航路径上的路径点,得到更优路径.计算机仿真实验表明,即使在复杂的环境下,利用本算法也可以规划出一条全局优化路径,且能安全避障.     

一种新型PIR人体探测技术研究

为了提高被动式红外(PIR,passive infrared)探测器的工作性能,从改进PIR探测器空间布局和信号处理入手,提出一种基于复合式布局的PIR探测器人体探测的新方法.采用双PIR探测器复合式布局,通过GA算法得到其最优布局.当人体在探测区域内运动时,两探测器同时多角度检测人体移动情况.验证实验结果表明,提出的新检测方法能使设计的PIR探测器有效且可靠地检测和识别人体的移动情况.该检测方法适用于基于PIR传感的人体移动的智能检测和识别系统.     

Imperialist Competitive Algorithm for AUV Path Planning in a Variable Ocean

An imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) is introduced for solving the optimal path planning problem for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) operating in turbulent, cluttered, and uncertain environments. ICA is a new sociopolitically inspired global search metaheuristic based on a form of competition between “imperialist” forces and opposing colonies. In this study, ICA is applied to optimize the coordinates of a set of control points for generating a curved spline path. The ICA-based path planner is tested to find an optimal trajectory for an AUV navigating through a variable ocean environment in the presence of an irregularly shaped underwater terrain. The genetic algorithm (GA) and quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) are described and evaluated with the ICA for the path optimization problem. Simulation results show that the proposed ICA approach is able to obtain a more optimized trajectory than the GA- or QPSO-based methods. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the robustness and superiority of the proposed ICA scheme compared with the GA and QPSO schemes.     

基于动态比例变换的高效遗传算法

遗传算法中,分别以在、离线性能表征算法的进行性能和收敛性能[1],两者是一对矛盾体.在算法进行的早期,人们希望算法有较好的在线性能,以便能快速地搜索到最优点的附近.否则便会出现算法过早收敛的情况,谓之“早熟”.在群体演化的后期,很可能会出现下列情况:个体适应度之间的差值比群体最小适应度相差若干个数量级,此时群体演化的速度会非常慢,甚至很多代也不会达到最优点. 遗传算法的作用原理用模式理论能得到很好的解释.根据模式理论,群体中第j个个体通常以概率pj=fj/∑fj的概率被选择复制.若包含于群体中的某模式H在当前代中有M（H,T）个代表个体,则在下一代中此模式的代表个体的期望值将为