环氧葵花油的合成及其对PVC性能的影响

采用无溶剂工艺合成了环氧葵花油,并利用转矩流变仪、差示扫描量热仪等进一步研究了其对聚氯乙烯（PVC）热稳定性、增塑效果的影响。结果表明,反应温度为60 ℃、反应时间为5 h、过氧化氢和葵花油摩尔比为2:1、催化剂用量为原料总质量的3 %时,环氧葵花油的环氧值达到了6.78 %;环氧葵花油与钙锌稳定剂并用具有协同作用,可以增强PVC的长期热稳定性,效果比环氧大豆油更好;环氧葵花油还能使PVC的玻璃化转变温度、硬度、拉伸强度降低,断裂伸长率升高,可以作为PVC增塑剂使用。     

高精度便携式X射线荧光光谱仪对污水厂剩余污泥重金属的快速测定

应用高精度便携式X射线荧光光谱仪(HDXRF)对陕西省32家污水处理厂的剩余污泥样品中的As、Hg、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni这7种重金属元素含量进行测定,与火焰原子吸收光谱(FAAS)法测定结果进行比对并建立回归方程,以期分析HDXRF法测定剩余污泥重金属含量的可行性。结果表明:HDXRF法测定结果和火焰原子吸收光谱法的测定结果显著相关,As、Hg、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni的相关系数(R~2)分别为0.83、086、0.84、0.67、0.91、0.84、0.81(P0.001);采用HDXRF法测定As、Hg、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni的检出限依次为0.5、0.5、3、0.6、1.5、1、1.5 mg/kg,所有重金属的检出限均低于《农用污泥污染物控制标准》A级标准限值,适用于剩余污泥中重金属As、Hg、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni的快速测定。     

环氧葵花油增塑剂在PVC中的应用

提出新型增塑剂环氧葵花油在ＰＶＣ的压延薄膜，挤出片材和软片中的重要应用。     

ICP-OES法测定矮地茶中微量元素含量

为测定矮地茶中微量元素,采用湿法硝酸-高氯酸进行消解,用ICP-OES法测定了矮地茶中Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn、Cd、Ni、Fe、Ca、As等9种元素含量。结果表明:方法操作简单、快速、灵敏,分析结果的相对标准偏差为0.49%~4.34%,方法的加标回收率为95.0%~102.1%。矮地茶中含有丰富的对人体有益的Ca、Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu等元素,有害元素Pb在根茎和叶中的含量差异较大,根茎中Pb已超过限量标准。结果可为矮地茶的开发利用提供依据。     

海南某尾矿区植物对重金属As、Hg的富集能力

采用AFS法测定尾矿区土壤种植的四种植物木麻黄、大红花、夹竹桃、紫槐不同生长期As、Hg含量并对比分析不同植物的富集效果。结果表明,对As、Hg的富集能力均为大红花木麻黄紫槐夹竹桃。     

原子荧光法测定水稻不同部位砷、硒含量

把水稻植株的稻米、谷壳、根、茎叶四个部位进行预处理,湿法消解后,用AFS法测定As、Se两种元素含量。结果表明:As、Se主要集中在水稻植株根部。该测定方法对As、Se的检出限为0.001mg/kg,加标回收率为98.9%～114.8%。对国家标准物质大米(GBW10010)的分析结果与所给的标准值吻合,方法准确可靠,结果满意。     

基体效应对食物模拟液中砷等元素含量测定的影响及校正

本文运用ICP-AES法测定了食物模拟液4%乙酸溶液、人造自来水中的重金属元素砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)含量,研究了基体效应,即试样中的基体对待测元素测定结果的影响。其中4%乙酸对As、Cd、Pb的含量测定有很强的干扰。用基体溶液配制标准曲线法中各标准系列溶液,再对样品溶液中的上述重金属元素进行测定,此方法可校正基体效应对待测元素的影响。     

用园盘金电极阳极溶出伏安法测定试剂盐酸中的微量砷

本文在6M的盐酸介质中,用园盘金电极阳极溶出伏安法测定了试剂酸盐中的微量砷。试验了测定条件,杂质离子的影响和As(Ⅴ)到As(111)的还原,在两种不同的盐酸试剂中做了砷的回收率试验。结果认为本法的灵敏度较高,准确度较好。因采用亚硫酸钠作为还原As(Ⅴ)的试剂,不需分离就可直接测定盐酸中的总砷量,手续简单,测定迅速,无汞的污染和毒害。     

氢化葵花油脂肪酸蔗糖酯的合成

以氢化葵花油为原料 ,采用两步法合成了氢化葵花油脂肪酸蔗糖酯。探讨了反应温度、时间、压力、催化剂用量、助熔剂等对蔗糖酯收率的影响规律。结果表明 :当助熔剂和催化剂分别为 30 %和 2 .1%时 ,在 15 0℃下反应 6h ,产物收率达 4 5 %以上。     

微波消化-氢化物原子吸收法测定大百合中砷的含量

采用微波消解样品,氢化物原子吸收法测定As含量.本法检出限为0.036μg·kg-1,变异系数RSD=5.48%,回收率为90%～101%.该方法简单快速,灵敏度高,可作为测定药用植物大百合中微量As的方法.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。