一种高性能CMOS电荷泵的设计

设计了一种用于电荷泵锁相环的CMOS电荷泵电路。电路中采用三对自偏置高摆幅共源共栅电流镜进行泵电流镜像,增大了低电压下电荷泵的输出电阻,并实现了上下两个电荷泵的匹配。为了消除单端电荷泵存在的电荷共享问题,引入了带宽幅电压跟随的半差分电流开关结构,使电荷泵性能得以提高。设计采用0．18-μm标准CMOS工艺。电路仿真结果显示,在0．35V到1．3V范围内泵电流匹配精度达0．9％,电路工作频率达250MHz。     

一种应用于锁相环的增益提高型电荷泵设计

采用0.18μm 1.8V CMOS工艺设计一种增益提高型电荷泵电路,利用增益提高技术和折叠式共源共栅电路实现充放电电流的匹配.该电荷泵结构可以很大程度地减小沟道长度调制效应的影响,使充放电电流在宽输出电压范围内实现精确匹配,同时具有结构简单的优点.仿真结果表明,电源电压1.8V时,电荷泵电流为600μA,在0.3～1.6V输出范围内电流失配为0.6μA,功耗为3mW.     

一种锁相环中高性能电荷泵电路

设计了一种新型电荷泵电路.该电荷泵电路采用可调节共源共栅结构增大输出阻抗,具有结构简单、速度快、充放电电流匹配性好、抑制了电荷注入等特点.采用0.18μmCMOS工艺模型以及Hspice仿真工具的仿真结果显示,输出电压在0.4~1.3V之间变化时,电荷泵的充放电电流处处相等.     

锁相环频率合成器中的电荷泵设计

用TSMC 0.18μm CMOS工艺设计了一种电荷泵电路。传统的电荷泵电路中充放电电流有较大的电流失配,文章采用与电源无关的基准电流源电路,运用运算放大器和自偏置高摆幅共源共栅电流镜电路实现了充放电电流的高度匹配。仿真结果表明:电源电压1.8V时,电荷泵电流为0.5mA;在0.3V～1.6V输出电压范围内电流失配小于1μA,功耗为6.8mW。     

一种用于模数转换器时钟管理电路的电荷泵

采用0.13μm CMOS工艺,设计了一种用于模数转换器时钟电路的电荷泵。在共源共栅充/放电流源与其偏置电路之间增加传输门,有效地抑制了电荷泵关闭时产生的漏电流。同时,采用电流源提升技术,有效地提高了电荷泵充/放电电流支路的阻抗,抑制了沟道长度调制效应的影响,提高了电荷泵的电流匹配性。仿真结果表明,在1.2 V电源电压、20μA输出电流的条件下,输出电压的变化范围为0.13～0.93 V时,该电荷泵的充/放电电流失配低于1%。     

低杂散锁相环中的电荷泵设计

用TSMC0.18μm CMOS工艺设计并实现了一种电荷泵电路，传统的电荷泵电路中充放电电流有较大的电流失配,电流失配导致相位偏差,从而引起杂散并降低了锁相环的锁定范围，文中采用与电源无关的基准电流源电路,运用运算放大器和自偏置高摆幅共源共栅电流镜电路实现了充放电电流的高度匹配,从而降低了杂散。测试结果表明：电源电压1.8V时,电荷泵电流为0.475mA,在0.3-1.6V输出电压范围内电流失配小于10mA,功耗为6.8mW。     

一种电荷泵锁相环频率合成器的设计

基于SMIC的0.25μm工艺设计了一种输出频率范围为0.32～1.6GHz的电荷泵锁相环频率合成器电路.该电路采用了一种快速鉴频鉴相器和含有双交叉耦合结构的环形振荡器,同时根据电荷泵泵电流匹配的原则改进了电荷泵电路.HSIM仿真显示,锁相环频率合成器的锁定时间为1.3μz,功耗为28mW,锁定范围为5～20MHz,最大周对周抖动仅为50ps(0.8GHz).     

低杂散锁相环中的电荷泵设计

用TSMC 0.18μm CMOS工艺设计并实现了一种电荷泵电路.传统的电荷泵电路中充放电电流有较大的电流失配,电流失配导致相位偏差,从而引起杂散并降低了锁相环的锁定范围.文中采用与电源无关的基准电流源电路,运用运算放大器和自偏置高摆幅共源共栅电流镜电路实现了充放电电流的高度匹配,从而降低了杂散.测试结果表明:电源电压1.8V时,电荷泵电流为0.475mA,在0.3～1.6V输出电压范围内电流失配小于10mA,功耗为6.8mW.     

改进型鉴频鉴相器及电荷泵电路的设计*

本文设计了基于电荷泵架构锁相环电路的两个关键模块—鉴频鉴相器和改进型电流引导电荷泵。基于对扩展鉴相范围和消除死区方法的研究,鉴频鉴相器的性能得以优化。同时,为了保证电荷泵在一个宽输出电压范围内获得良好的电流匹配和较小的电流变化,许多额外的子电路被应用在电路设计中来改进电荷泵的架构。电路采用了标准90 nm CMOS 工艺设计实现并进行测试。鉴频鉴相器鉴相范围的测试结果为-354～354度,改进型电荷泵在0.2～1.1 V的输出电压范围内的电流失配比小于1.1%,泵电流变化小于4%。电路在1.2 V供电电压下的动态功耗为1.3mW。     

锁相环频率综合器中高性能电荷泵设计

本文基于0.18μm CMOS工艺设计并实现了一种新的高性能电荷泵电路。采用宽输入范围的轨到轨运算放大器和自偏置共源共栅电流镜技术提高了电荷泵在宽输出电压范围内的电流匹配精度;同时,提出通过增加预充电电流源技术来提高电荷泵的初始充电电流,以缩短CPPLLs的建立时间。测试结果表明电荷泵在0.4～1.7V输出电压范围内失配电流小于0.4%,充电电流为100μA,预充电电流为70μA。在1.8V电源电压下,电荷泵电路锁定时的平均功耗为0.9mW。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.