Germination response of Bacillus subtilis PCI219 Spores to Caramelized Sugar and l-Asparagine

In presence of L-asparagine, effective substances in caramelized sugar were primarily glucose and fructose; isomerization of glucose/fructose was observed after autoclaving (120°C, 20 min, pH 7.2). Glucose and fructose were 63 to 24 in caramelized glucose and 12 to 44 in caramelized fructose. Apparent dissociation constants were: glucose 2.2 × 10^?4, fructose 1.3 × 10^?4, L-asparagine 2.2 × 10^?4. Hydroxymethylfurfural and maltol were not effective. Aging and heat activation of spores contributed to germination, especially for response to L-asparagine and/or fructose, but not glucose. The initiation mechanism was distinguishable from the L-alanine system in requirement for aging, heat activation of spores and response to inhibitor. L-AS-paragine could be partially replaced by NH₄⁺, but not by L-glutamine.     

Purification and Some Properties of Glutaminase fromActinomucor taiwanensis,Starter of Sufu

Glutaminase of Actinomucor taiwanensis was purified approximately 96-fold with a yield of 18%, by sequential fractionation with ammonium sul-phate, anion exchange with DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and gel filtration with Sephacryl S-200. The pH and temperature optima of purified glutaminase were 8·0 and 45°C, respectively. Glutaminase was stable at a temperature up to 35°C and at pH values of 6·0–8·0. The molecular weight was 80000 as determined from SDS-PAGE. The enzyme activity was markedly inhibited by HgCl₂. In the presence of 100 g litre⁻¹ NaCl, the enzyme activity was inhibited 50%.     

硝基还原假单胞菌谷氨酰胺酶的分离纯化及酶学性质

采用离子交换层析和凝胶过滤层析等方法,分离纯化硝基还原假单胞菌(Pseudomonas nitroreducens)SK16.004所产的谷氨酰胺酶,并进一步研究该酶的酶学性质及反应动力学参数。结果表明,该酶的最适反应温度为55℃,最适pH为9.0,温度稳定范围为37～60℃,pH稳定范围为5.0～11.0;Cu2+对促进酶活提高作用最大,而Fe3+会抑制该酶的转移活力。谷氨酰胺酶对底物谷氨酰胺的亲和力最强,其Km值为0.72 mmol/L,Vmax为0.55μmol/(min.mL)。     

顶青霉木聚糖酶的纯化与性质

从顶青霉(Pencillium corylophilum)P-3-31培养液中分离到3种木聚糖酶组分,分别称为PartA、PartB和PartC.PartB进一步纯化,经SDS-PAGE鉴定为单带,相对分子质量为24200;PartC进一步纯化,经SDS-PAGE鉴定也是单带,相对分子质量为48300.PartA和PartB的最适反应条件为pH4.0,45℃;PartC的最适反应条件为pH5.5,55℃.PartA和PartB对木聚糖以外的底物不能水解;PartC具有水解CMC的交叉活性和β-木糖苷酶活性,但不能将木二糖水解成木糖.3个纯化酶组分和粗酶对不同来源的木聚糖底物均表现出不同的活性.对于粗酶,若桦木木聚糖为底物的相对酶活为100%,则玉米芯木聚糖为底物的相对酶活为143%,蔗渣木聚糖为底物的相对酶活为124%.     

A thermostable histamine oxidase from Arthrobacter crystallopoietes KAIT-B-007

A thermostable histamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.-) was found in cells of Arthrobacter crystallopoietes KAIT-B-007 isolated from soil. The enzyme was purified about 715-fold over the cell free extracts with a yield of 55% by ammonium sulfate fractionation and various column chromatographies. The purified enzyme was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis (native-PAGE). When the enzyme was kept at 65 degrees C and 70 degrees C for 10 min, the activity was fully stable at 65 degrees C and decreased to 9% of the initial level at 70 degrees C. The enzyme was very thermostable. The optimum pH for histamine oxidase activity was found to be at 9.0, and the enzyme was stable over the pH range of 6 to 9. The purified enzyme showed a single protein band on SDS-PAGE and its molecular mass was estimated to be about 81 kDa. The enzyme showed potent activity toward histamine, whereas it was inactive toward putrescine, cadaverine, spermine, and spermidine. Histamine oxidase was inhibited by N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC). The inactive enzyme was restored with Cu2+ to 65% of the initial activity, but Cu+ did not enhance the enzyme activity. It is suggested that Cu2+ is essential for expression of histamine oxidase activity. The enzyme was a copper-containing protein having one atom of copper per mol of the enzyme protein as a result of atomic absorption analysis. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme was different from that of histamine oxidase from Arthrobacter globiformis IFO12137.     

黑木耳糖蛋白的提取及单糖、氨基酸组成分析

为获得优质的黑木耳糖蛋白,明确其单糖及氨基酸组成,本研究通过单因素实验和响应面法对超声波辅助碱法提取黑木耳糖蛋白的工艺条件进行优化,并采用AKTAgo纯化仪、DEAE GE Healthcare色谱柱对糖蛋白进行分离纯化,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法分析其单糖和氨基酸组成。黑木耳糖蛋白的最佳提取工艺条件为:超声时间90 min、料液比1:90 g/L、超声功率200 W、pH8.4、提取温度45℃,此条件下糖蛋白提取的综合评分为55.93分。经分离纯化得到糖蛋白的纯度为74.1%、蛋白回收率为37.5%,该糖蛋白中的单糖组成以葡萄糖(9.95 mg/g)、甘露糖(5.24 mg/g)为主,氨基酸以L-天冬氨酸/L-天冬酰胺(1.16 mg/g)、L-苯丙氨酸(1.14 mg/g)、L-谷氨酸/L-谷氨酰胺(1.10 mg/g)为主。因此,超声波碱法可有效提高黑木耳糖蛋白提取效率,且黑木耳糖蛋白中含有酸性杂多糖、必需氨基酸齐全,为黑木耳糖蛋白的深入研究及应用开发提供了科学参考。     

A novel thermostable chitinase (PJC) from pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice

A novel chitinase was isolated and purified to its homogeneity from pomegranate juice by a combination of ammonium sulphate precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography. The pomegranate juice chitinase (PJC) was purified to specific activity of 14.5 U/mg and a recovery of 34%. The monomeric protein migrated on SDS–PAGE at 29 kDa. The enzyme was found to be glycosylated (7.2%). It exhibited optimal activity at pH 4.5 and 70 °C. The enzyme was stable in the pH range 3.0–9.0 and up to 65 °C. The internal peptide sequence results suggest that the purified PJC shared high homology with class III chitinases of other known plant chitinases. The purified enzyme could hydrolyse colloidal chitin to its oligomers. It did not exhibit any antifungal activity.     

Micrococcus luteus K-3-type glutaminase from Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 is salt-tolerant

Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 possesses the gene of glutaminase (Micrococcus luteus K-3-type glutaminase; AoGls), which has 40% homology with the salt-tolerant glutaminase from M. luteus K-3 (Micrococcus glutaminase). It was found that AoGls is a salt-tolerant enzyme, and its properties are similar to those of Micrococcus glutaminase.     

Purification and characterization of an enzyme that has dihydroxyacetone-reducing activity from methanol-grown Hansenula ofunaensis

An intracellular enzyme having reduction activity towards dihydroxyacetone (DHA), and that was induced by DHA, was purified and characterized from a methanol-grown yeast, Hansenula ofunaensis. After harvesting cells grown in a 1% methanol medium until the early stationary phase, the enzyme was purified through ammonium sulfate fractination and a series of ion-exchange, hydrophobic, and gel-filtration column chromatographies. SDS-PAGE and HPLC showed the enzyme to be a homo dimer composed of two identical subunits, each with a molecular mass of 38 kDa. The optimum pHs for DHA reduction and glycerol oxidation were 6.0 and 7.0, respectively. The optimum temperature for enzyme activity was 55 degrees C. The enzyme reduced several other compounds, including acetaldehyde, acetol, 2-butanone and 3-methyl-2-butanone, more effectively than it did DHA, while its oxidation activity was higher towards ethanol, 2-propanol, 1,2-propanediol, 2,3-butanediol and 1,3-butanediol than towards glycerol. The K(m) values for DHA in reduction and glycerol in oxidation were 430 mM and 4 M, respectively. The K(m) values for DHA in reduction and glycerol in oxidation were 430 mM and 4 M, respectively. The purified enzyme had high K(m) values for glycerol and DHA and low K(m) values for 2-butanol and butanone, although physiologically it had a role in DHA metabolism. There were similarities between the purified enzyme and sec-alcohol dehydrogenases reported previously in their behavior towards inhibitors and metal ions, as well as in their K(m) values for 2-butanol and 2-butanone, but differences in their subunit molecular masses and activities for ethanol. At pH 9.8, the oxidative activity of the purified enzyme for l-2-butanol was about eleven times higher than that for d-2-butanol.     

大麦芽极限糊精酶的分离纯化及酶学特性分析

将大麦芽提取的极限糊精酶粗酶液,利用硫酸铵沉淀、离子交换层析和凝胶过滤色谱等分离方法对极限糊精酶进行逐步分离纯化。结果表明：纯化倍数为31.23,回收率为8.81%。经十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳后,图谱显示样品具有较高的纯度,分子质量约为97kD。同时研究了纯化前后极限糊精酶在不同作用环境下酶的活性变化,发现纯化后样品在温度45℃和pH 5.5左右具有最大酶活性,与粗酶液中酶活性相比具有明显差异。在体系中添加不同浓度的金属离子,结果发现,Mg2+、Ca2+、Mn2+在浓度较低时,对酶活性具有激活作用,而浓度较高时,则具有抑制作用;整体上,K+对酶活性影响不大;Zn2+、Fe2+对酶活性具有抑制作用。     

Purification and characterization of a novel extracellular beta-1,3-glucanase produced by Bacillus clausii NM-1 isolated from ezo abalone Haliotis discus hannai

A novel extracellular alkaline stable beta-1,3-glucanase produced by Bacillus clausii NM-1 isolated from the ezo abalone Haliotis discus hannai was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sepharose FF ion exchange chromatography and Sephacryl S-200HR gel filtration. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 71 kDa from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The enzyme was very stable at pH 5.3 to 11.5 but unstable at pH 4.0 to 4.5. The optimum temperature and thermostability of the enzyme increased in the presence of CaC1, The enzyme hydrolyzed R-1,3-glucan from marine organisms, but did not show activity against any other beta-1,3-glucans. The major hydrolysis products of beta-1,3-glucan from Laminaria digitata and Eisenia bicyclis were laminaritriose and laminaritetraose, respectively. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme was similar to that of several beta-1,3-glucanases in the glycoside hydrolase family 16.     

Purification and Characterization of Extracellular Isoamylase from Flavobacterium sp

An extracellular isoamylase from Flavobacterium sp., was purified by fractionation with ammonium sulfate, DEAE-cellulose, DEAE-Sephadex A-50, and CM-cellulose column chromatography. Single band of the debranching activity of the purified enzyme was detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme efficiently hydrolyzed α-1,6-glucosidic linkage of glycogen and amylopectin and formed amylose chains, but did not hydrolyze pullulan. The enzyme released maltotriose from ß-limit dextrin of waxy maize amylopectin and glycogen, but no detectable maltose and glucose. Action of the isoamylase is similar to other microbial isoamylases but its physical properties are different.     

红佳酿酵母β-葡萄糖苷酶的分离纯化及酶学性质

以红佳酿酿酒酵母为出发菌株,通过离子交换法分离纯化β-葡萄糖苷酶,测定酶活力和蛋白质含量,并研究温度、pH值稳定性和金属离子、葡萄糖、酒精度对酶活力的影响。结果表明:粗酶液经过离子交换层析后,纯化倍数为19.41,得率为38.67%;经十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis,SDS-PAGE)电泳检测为1条谱带,达到电泳纯,分子质量约为45 kD;β-葡萄糖苷酶热稳定性较差,在20~40℃较稳定,在pH 5.0~10.0较稳定;Al3+、Cu2+对酶活力有抑制作用,K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Zn2+、Na+对酶活力的影响不明显;葡萄糖和酒精对酶活力无明显抑制作用。     

Purification and characterization of a soluble methionyl aminopeptidase from porcine skeletal muscle

A soluble aminopeptidase was purified from porcine skeletal muscle by ammonium sulfate fractionation and two successive anion exchange chromatographic procedures. The enzyme eluted at 0.17 M NaCl, had a relative molecular mass of 53 KDa (by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) and was activated by sulfydryl compounds. Activity was optimal at pH 7.5 and 40°C and showed broad aminopeptidase and low endopeptidase activities. The aminopeptidase exhibited maximal activity against Met-, Lys-, Ala-, and Leu-7-amido-4-methyl-coumarin (-AMC), while Pro-AMC was not hydrolyzed. Inhibition of enzyme activity was observed in the presence of sulfydryl reagents, iodoacetic acid, puromycin, leupeptin and amastatin, but it was not affected by serin and aspartic protease inhibitors, EDTA and bestatin. The enzyme activity was not inhibited by sodium chloride and, therefore, the enzyme has potential for contributing to the generation of free amino acids in cured pork meat products.     

Purification and characterization of cathepsin B from the gut of the sea cucumber (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Stichopus japonicas</Emphasis>)

Cathepsin B from the gut of sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicas) was purified 81-fold with a 3% recovery by ammonium sulfate fractionation and a series chromatography on DEAE Sepharose CL-6B, Sephadex G-75, and TSK-Gel 3000 SWxl. The purified protein appeared as a single band on Native-PAGE but showed 2 bands of 23 and 26 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The optimum activity was found at pH 5.5 and 45°C. The enzyme was stable at pH 4.5–6.0 and the thermal stability was up to 50oC. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by E-64, iodoacetic acid, and antipain, demonstrating it is a cysteine protease containing sulfhydryl groups. Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Zn²⁺ could strongly inhibit the enzyme activity. The amino acid sequences of the purified enzyme were acquired by mass spectrometer, which did not show any homology with previously described cathepsins, suggesting it may be a novel member.     

巴氏葡萄球菌TS-82类胡萝卜素裂解酶的分离纯化及其酶学特性

巴氏葡萄球菌TS-82类胡萝卜素裂解酶经强阴离子柱、高效制备液相色谱和多肽分子筛纯化得到液相级纯酶(95.6%)。该酶比活力为125 U/g,纯化倍数为446,回收率为2.39%。纯化后的类胡萝卜素裂解酶经液相色谱-质谱联用测定,得其分子质量为655.093 D。关于酶学特性,研究发现该酶对C_(40)类胡萝卜素底物的最适温度为60℃,而作用于β-阿朴-8’-胡萝卜醛的最适温度是50℃,该酶的稳定温度为50℃以下;该酶对所测定底物的最适p H值为3.0;该酶与5种底物亲和力排列为:玉米黄质虾青素β-胡萝卜素角黄质β-阿朴-8’-胡萝卜醛;Al~(3+)和Fe~(3+)是该酶的强效催化剂,Fe~(2+)是该酶的强效抑制剂;H_2O_2在低浓度范围内(0~16 mmol/L)可促进酶活性;低体积分数乙醇(4%~16%)的添加对酶活性无明显抑制作用。结果表明该酶具有很好的耐酸性和热稳定性,能够适应果酒环境,为其工业化应用提供依据。     

AN APPROACH TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF A ß-GLUCAN SOLUBILASE FROM BARLEY1

A ß-glucan solubilase activity was demonstrated in barley extract. This enzyme catalyzed the dissolution of barley ß-glucan by releasing a product having a narrow molecular weight distribution and a molecular weight of about 20,000. The enzyme was partially purified by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel permeation chromatography on Bio-Gel P-100. Although carboxypeptidase activity was present in the crude extract of barley flour the partially purified ß-glucan solubilase did not hydrolyse N-CBZ-Phe-ala. Examination of extracts from different barley tissues indicated that the ß-glucan solubilase activity was associated with the husks only; a large portion of the activity was extractable from whole barley kernels. About 85% of the enzyme activity in crude extracts from barley flour was retained after 40 min at 62°C. However, the enzyme was much more heat-labile in extracts of whole barley kernels. The pH of maximal activity was found to be about pH 5.7 and results from column chromatography suggested that the enzyme had a low pl value and a MW between 5 × 10⁴ and 6 × 10⁴.     

A study of lipoxidase in pea seeds and seedlings

Lipoxidase enzyme was isolated and partly purified from pea seeds by ultracentrifugation, ammonium sulphate precipitation, Sephadex and DEAE-Cellulose column chromatography. The pH optimum of the enzyme was 7.2 and the Michaelis–Menton constant 2.3 × 10^?3 M . Disc gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of 3 to 4 isoenzymes, while the molecular weight determination in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate gave a value of 7.4 × 10⁴. The presence of lipoxidase in pea mitochondria and in the peroxisome-like bodies was demonstrated. A low enzyme activity was found with the purified chloroplasts but a much higher activity was found in the plastids and in the cytoplasm of the etiolated tissue. The enzyme was found not to be compartmentalised in any particulate fraction of the pea seedlings investigated.     

胰凝乳蛋白酶SplB在枯草芽孢杆菌中的重组表达及应用

通过启动子优化、宿主筛选,构建了C端带His-tag的胰凝乳蛋白酶类蛋白酶SplB表达载体,成功实现了SplB在枯草芽孢杆菌中的重组表达,对纯化的重组SplB进行酶学性质研究,并实现了重组蛋白酶SplB在重组蛋白Prx标签切割中的应用。结果表明,以枯草芽孢杆菌ATCC6051Δ10为宿主,通过启动子P₄₃介导的重组蛋白酶SplB表达活力最高(10.24 U/mL)。通过亲和层析纯化了重组表达的SplB,并进行酶学性质研究,其最适温度为40℃,最适pH值为8.5,且具有良好的温度和pH值稳定性。在离子浓度较低情况下,Co²⁺对重组SplB活力有促进作用,Mg²⁺、K⁺不影响酶活力;而Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺、Ni⁺离子抑制SplB活力;十二烷基硫酸钠极大抑制重组SplB活力。将重组SplB应用于切割重组蛋白Prx的标签,结果表明,重组SplB具有WELQ肽段标签切割作用,并且SplB浓度越高,目标条带越浓。本研究为优化SplB的重组表达及在食...     

Purification and characterization of a monoacylglycerol lipase from Pseudomonas sp. LP7315

A monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) was purified from Pseudomonas sp. LP7315 by ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion-exchange chromatography, and preparative electrophoresis. The purified enzyme was homogeneous on SDS-PAGE with a molecular mass of 59 kDa. Its hydrolytic activity was confirmed to be specific for monoglycerides: the enzyme did not hydrolyze di- and triglycerides. MGL was found to be stable even after 1-h incubation at 65 degrees C. The optimum pH for monopalmitin hydrolysis was approximately 8. The hydrolytic activity depended not only on temperature and pH but also on the type of monoglyceride used. MGL also catalyzed monoglyceride synthesis at 65 degrees C in a solvent-free two-phase system, in which fatty acid droplets were dispersed in the glycerol phase with a low water content. The synthetic reaction proceeded at a constant rate for approximately 24 h and approximately reached an equilibrium after 48 h of reaction. The initial rate and equilibrium yield of the synthetic reaction depended on the type of fatty acid used as the substrate.