碱激发碳酸钙镁类岩石灌浆材料的性能及其反应机理

本文研究了碱激发碳酸钙镁类岩石灌浆材料的性能和影响因素，结果表明：这种灌浆材料粘度小，流动性好，可实现单液灌浆，凝固时间在5－20小时可调节，稳定性好，渗透能力强，结石体强度和固砂强度达1－3MPa。液固比或水玻璃浓度、养护温度和湿度、石灰石颗粒细度、不同工艺路线是影响浆材性能的主要因素。还探讨了碱激发碳酸钙镁类岩石灌浆材料的反应机理。     

碱激发碳酸盐矿灌浆材料的制备与模拟灌浆试验

碱激发碳酸盐矿灌浆材料是一种新型无机灌浆材料.本文从硅酸钠溶液的改性、碳酸盐矿的粉磨和浆液的制备等三方面详细分析说明了其制备过程,并通过实验室模拟灌浆试验研究了灌浆效果、可灌性影响因素和适宜的灌浆工艺参数.研究结果表明,碱激发碳酸盐矿灌浆材料可以采用浆液制备与灌浆施工结合于一体的连续化灌浆工艺,进行单液灌浆;配方为碳酸盐矿粉∶硅酸钠溶液∶水=1.0∶0.6∶0.1的灌浆材料可灌性好,灌注的砂柱体抗压强度和抗渗性能良好.     

碱激发碳酸盐复合胶凝材料性能研究

以白云石粉为主要原料,矿渣、粉煤灰和偏高岭土为辅助原料,用改性水玻璃激发的方式,制备得到碱激发碳酸盐复合胶凝材料。通过正交试验,研究了水玻璃的模数(A)和固含量(B),水玻璃与固体粉料的比例(C,简称液固比),以及矿渣(D)、粉煤灰(E)和偏高岭土(F)在固体粉料中的质量分数,对碱激发碳酸盐复合胶凝材料的流动度、凝结时间和力学强度的影响。结果表明,B、C和F对流动度影响显著,B和C对凝结时间影响显著,6个因素对力学强度的影响比较复杂。制备得到的碱激发碳酸盐复合胶凝材料流动度较好,凝结时间适宜,早期强度可达到37.9MPa,绝热温升为31.8℃。和混合水泥相比,碱激发碳酸盐复合胶凝材料在某些领域更有优势得到应用。     

碱激发烧煤矸石胶凝材料的硬化机理研究

利用XRD,IR,SEM等方法,研究了NaOH、KOH和钠水玻璃激发烧煤矸石的反应进程和水化产物,对其力学性能、微观结构和硬化机理进行了探讨.结果表明:水化产物是类似于沸石类结构的无定形碱-硅铝凝胶,碱溶液、液固比、养护温度和养护时间等因素影响着水化产物及其强度的形成.采用模数为1.23钠水玻璃与烧煤矸石混合(液固比0.3),在90℃养护条件下反应生成无定型的碱-硅铝酸盐凝胶,而在65℃养护时,硬化浆体中还存在有一定量未反应的硅酸钠晶体.     

碱激发材料氯离子传输性能测试方法及影响因素研究进展

水泥基材料中氯离子的传输是一个非常复杂的过程。在介绍水泥基材料氯离子传输机理及常用试验方法的基础上,综述了碱激发材料氯离子传输性能测试方法及影响因素。碱激发材料氯离子传输性能受激发剂种类的影响,改变矿渣掺量、碱掺量和水玻璃模数能不同程度地改变体系的氯离子传输性能。快速氯离子渗透试验结果受孔溶液化学组成影响,碱激发材料孔溶液碱性高、化学组成更复杂,孔溶液影响更显著,所以该方法不适用于评价碱激发材料氯离子传输性能。自然扩散试验因时间长而不常用。非稳态电迁移试验是目前快速测试水泥基材料中氯离子传输性能最好的方法,但由于碱激发材料与普通水泥基材料的碱度不同,其变色边界氯离子浓度也会不同,将该方法用于评价碱激发材料时,还需进一步研究测试样品的准备和硝酸银变色边界氯离子浓度。     

再生微粉对碱激发胶凝材料性能的影响

以水玻璃与氢氧化钠作为激发剂,利用建筑垃圾再生微粉制备碱激发胶凝材料。研究再生微粉掺量、激发剂掺量(以固含量计)以及激发剂模数对碱激发胶凝材料的工作性能、力学性能和干燥收缩的影响。研究表明：在再生微粉掺量≤40%,激发剂掺量16%,激发剂模数1.2时,碱激发胶凝材料具有较好的工作性和抗压强度,而再生微粉的“微集料”效应对碱激发胶凝材料的干燥收缩有较强的抑制作用。     

不同细砂粉含量对碱激发灌浆材料流变性能的影响

为研究半柔性路面（SFP）裂缝修补材料的基本工作性能,基于碱激发矿渣灌浆材料（OAASGM）,本文通过试验系统评价了不同细砂粉含量对OAASGM的流动性、凝结时间、流变性能以及力学性能的影响,得出以下结论。1）细砂粉能有效延长凝结时间,改善OAASGM的流变性能,当掺加量为10%(OAASGM-10)时,流动性为14s,当操作时间为45min时,初始屈服应力为0.699Pa,塑性黏度为1.997Pa·s。2)OAASGM具有剪切变稀的特点,水分流失量较少。3）本文提出的碱激发矿渣灌浆材料满足半柔性路面（SFP）的技术要求,可替代水泥成为SFP的灌浆材料。     

相组成和结晶度对磷酸镁医用粘合剂抗压强度的影响

以氧化镁与磷酸二氢钾作为原料,制备了磷酸镁医用粘合剂,研究了液固比与固固比对磷酸镁医用粘合剂抗压强度的影响规律。利用W1-84046液压式力学万能测试仪测试样品的抗压强度,采用X射线衍射仪分析磷酸镁粘合剂的相组成,并借助煮沸吸水法测试磷酸镁医用粘合剂的孔隙率。结果表明,磷酸镁医用粘合剂的抗压强度随液固比降低而升高,随固固比的增加呈现出先增高后降低的趋势。分析认为改变液固比对磷酸镁医用粘合剂的孔隙率以及水化产物的结晶度有不同程度的影响;固固比对产物孔隙率影响不大,主要改变了磷酸镁医用粘合剂的相组成和水化产物的结晶度。这些性能的不同导致了磷酸镁医用粘合剂抗压强度的变化。     

掺废陶瓷粉对碱激发矿渣早期反应、硬化体强度及收缩性能的影响

碱激发矿渣(Alkali activated slag—AAS)水泥具有强度发展快、胶结性能好的特点，但大收缩和高成本限制了其工程应用。本研究探索了废陶瓷粉作为新的原材料，其用量对AAS体系早期反应、硬化体的抗压强度和收缩性能以及微观结构的影响。研究表明，废陶瓷粉因活性较低，其掺入会延缓AAS凝结时间；碱激发100%废陶瓷粉甚至不能在常温下正常凝结硬化。掺10%～50%废陶瓷粉的碱激发净浆强度7 d前发展慢，但到90 d时抗压强度提高且超过碱激发100%矿渣的抗压强度；更高掺量会导致碱激发净浆及砂浆强度的显著下降。AAS中掺废陶瓷粉可有效降低砂浆的自收缩，但会不同程度地增加干缩，掺量低于20%时对碱激发水泥砂浆的干缩影响小。综合考虑净浆和砂浆的各项性质，认为废陶瓷粉在AAS中具有应用价值。     

纤维增强碱激发水泥基材料的研究进展

碱激发水泥力学性能优异,化学耐久性强,是新型胶凝材料。本文综合评述了国内外关于纤维增强碱激发水泥基材料的研究进展,总结了各种纤维对碱激发水泥基材料性能的影响,重点介绍了钢纤维、聚丙烯纤维和玄武岩纤维对碱激发水泥基材料的力学性能、收缩开裂及耐久性的影响,并提出了当前纤维增强碱激发水泥基材料研究中存在的问题和今后的研究方向。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...