Performance of rate compatible punctured Turbo-codes for mobileradio applications

Future mobile radio systems like the European UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system) will provide packet oriented data services with data rates up to 2 Mbit/s. Therefore, flexible and adaptive error correction coding must be deployed. Recently, rate compatible punctured Turbo-codes (RCPTCs) have been proposed. The authors discuss a design method for such codes and illustrate its viability by showing the performance results for an RCPTC with a block size of 672 bits     

UMTS universal mobile telecommunications system: development ofstandards for the third generation

The standards for the universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) are being developed by the European Telecommunications Standardization Institute (ETSI), UMTS is a set of standards aimed at the global market. It will be a real third-generation global system for mobile communications, adding new features and introducing relevant technological innovations while evolving from both a global system for mobile communications (GSM) and integrated services digital networks (ISDNs), UMTS standardization is a market-driven process, and UMT standards are based on the carefully selected market requirements developed in close cooperation with the UMTS Forum and GSM Memorandum of Understanding Association (MoU), UMTS belongs to the IMT-2000 family and, while supporting existing services, will be capable of offering new and revolutionary services including multimedia and access to the Internet, offering a speed of 2 Mb/s for a single user at a radio-access network. This paper attempts to give an objective view of the UMTS standardization in Europe     

UMTS — the mobile part of broadband communications for the next century

This paper outlines the path from developing broadband ISDN/ATM systems towards the European vision of the next generation mobile system — Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS).The capabilities of UMTS in terms of services and features compared to the second generation mobile system GSM, and the network technologies behind N-ISDN and B-ISDN, are discussed with proposals for technical developments to satisfy the UMTS requirements. The UMTS radio interface aspects are described and considerations on the network requirements to support these radio aspects are discussed.The requirements within the network for control, switching and transport to support the mobility, service and interconnecting network aspects of UMTS are outlined in conjunction with the technical solutions currently under discussion and some latest thoughts on a potential high-level architecture     

Europe's future mobile telephony system

Building on the huge success of its homegrown cellular system, Europe is planning a next-generation wireless system to handle data as well as voice, and-it is hoped-lay the foundation for universal roaming. The system being developed in the framework of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) is called UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System). In parallel, the International Telecommunication Union, based in Geneva, is formulating IMT (International Mobile Telecommunications) 2000, which is to be a family of systems that will let users roam worldwide with the same handset, and which will include UMTS as a subset     

On the feasibility of a 2-Mb/s bearer service in a future cellularradio system using code-division multiple access

The universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) and other third-generation mobile radio systems will be required to support data rates up to 2 Mb/s. This paper examines whether a direct-sequence spread-spectrum air interface can support such a high data rate in an outdoor environment. A mathematical analysis of the operation of a RAKE receiver is presented. Monte-Carlo methods are used to establish the probability that a 2-Mb/s link is possible and the proportion of system capacity such a link would consume. It is concluded that with sufficiently complex RAKE receivers and a high enough chip rate, it is certainly practical for a direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) mobile radio system to offer a 2-Mb/s service and that the overall spectrum efficiency will be high provided that the majority of users of the system use much lower data rates     

Privileged Treatment of UMTS Subscribers in GSM Networks

Different user segments have various requirements and expectations towards the performance of mobile networks. Subscribers having experienced the high quality of UMTS networks desire to maintain high speech quality and excellent data throughput also in areas of missing UMTS but existing GSM coverage. In GSM networks a privileged treatment of UMTS subscribers by means of proper resource allocation provides a substantial quality improvement with respect to standard GSM subscribers. This strategy allows network operators to reduce the performance gap between both network areas experienced by UMTS subscribers. A detailed study on the performance of circuit switched speech and packet data services has been performed based on system level simulations. The results show significant speech quality advantages for users with dual-RAT terminals compared to standard GSM users as well as notably higher data throughput rates.     

Cordless personal communications

The role of digital cordless technology in the transition to personal communication systems (PCSs) is discussed. The evolution of the pan-European digital cordless standards-CT2 and DECT-and industry progress in equipment availability and service implementation are reviewed. The application of cordless access to the domestic market in the United Kingdom and European telepoint, wireless PABXs, and radio drops are described. CT2 product development and availability and cordless data applications are outlined. The migration of microcellular cordless techniques for wider area systems including ETSI's universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) and the future public land mobile telecommunications systems (FPLMTS), now under development by CCIR with assistance from CCITT, are also discussed     

Lightweight Secure Roaming Mechanism Between GPRS/UMTS and Wireless LANs

The third generation partner project (3GPP) has standardized general packet radio service (GPRS) and the universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) to provide cell phone communications and wireless Internet services. Although the data transmission rate is lower than that of wireless local area networks (WLANs), GPRS/UMTS covers larger areas. Hence, to achieve higher speed ubiquitous access, we propose a lightweight secure roaming mechanism (LSRM) that integrates GPRS/UMTS and WLAN. Taking advantage of these two technologies, LSRM offers anonymous roaming and friendly subscriber management. Besides, we give a formal security analysis to LSRM based on BAN authentication logic.     

The multimedia broadcast/multicast service

This article provides an overview of the multimedia broadcast/multicast service (MBMS) for universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) networks. We first outline the features of UMTS networks as defined by the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) in order to provide a background for the discussion to follow. We then present the overall MBMS architecture, the services that it provides to the users and the differences between the broadcast and multicast options. The implementation details of MBMS are explained in terms of the modifications needed to the network, the new signaling procedures required and the impact of MBMS on the radio part of the network. We then describe how the security architecture of UMTS is used to support content protection and key distribution for MBMS groups. We evaluate the prospects of MBMS by comparing it first with IP multicast and then with DVB‐H, considered by many to be the closest competitor of MBMS. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the technical and business challenges still faced by MBMS. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

软交换在3G网络中的应用与意义

控制、承载、业务的分离，则NGN（Next Generation Network,下一代网络）以及软交换（softwitch）技术的核心概念，3G技术则是目前无线通信技术的重要发展方向。本文在简单介绍NGN体系结构的基础上，对UMTS（通用移动通信系统）Release5核心网的技术构成进行了分析。借助于软交换技术，UMTS Release5也实现了控制、承载、业务的分离，从而可以保证3G网络与下一代网络的顺利融合。     

An effective approach to solving large communication overhead issue and strengthening the securities of AKA protocols

Authentication and key agreement (AKA) is a challenge‐response‐like security protocol that uses symmetric‐key cryptography to establish authenticated keys between 2 parties. Its application in the third‐generation mobile system universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) is called UMTS‐AKA, and the version applied in the fourth‐generation mobile communication system long‐term evolution (LTE) is called LTE‐AKA. Both UMTS‐AKA and LTE‐AKA share the same weakness: the network operators need to maintain a large space of authentication vectors for visiting stations, and the transmission of the vectors causes lots of overhead. This weakness will be amplified when there are billions of devices accessing the network in the Internet‐of‐things scenarios. In addition, these schemes provide only key distribution (not key agreement) and cannot provide session key forward secrecy. In this paper, we propose a range‐bound key assignment technique to tackle the challenges. The proposed scheme drastically reduces the communication overhead and greatly strengthens the security robustness. The securities are analyzed and are verified using the AVISPA toolset.     

Capacity-based compressed mode control algorithm for inter-system measurements in UMTS system

The Inter-system handover between UMTS and GSM is one of the key features in the third generation UMTS cellular system. The compressed mode, with variable transmission gaps and power levels, is standardized to support the inter-frequency/system handover. In this article, a capacity-based compressed mode algorithm which considers potential impacts on the capacity and the priority of operating the compressed mode measurement is proposed to reduce the use of system resources while maintaining the UMTS-to-GSM border-cell handover quality. The performance of the proposed algorithm will be studied based on UMTS simulation platform.

An analytical model based on the ETSI criteria for the evaluation of user satisfaction in UMTS

The analytical models commonly used for the evaluation of coverage and capacity in UMTS systems compute the BER probability at the radio interface. This approach is not in line with the ETSI guidelines, which state that the coverage and capacity of a UMTS system must be evaluated when the system is working with a given fraction of satisfied users. In this paper, we present an analytical model capable of taking into account user satisfaction. A comparison between analytical and simulation results confirms the validity of the proposed model. In addition, we discuss coverage-capacity curves as a function of the percentage of satisfied users, taking into account also the imperfections of the real power-control procedures. Paolo Giacomazzi received his degree in electrical engineering from the Politecnico di Milano, and the Master in information technology from Cefriel in 1990. From 1992 to 1998 he was Assistant Professor and now he his Associate Professor at the Politecnico di Milano. His research interests cover IP Differentiated and Integrated services, UMTS networks and fourth generation access networks. Luigi Musumeci joined the Electronic and Information Department of the Politecnico di Milano in 1991, where he is now Associate Professor. He received his degree in electrical engineering from the Politecnico di Milano in 1961. From 1968 to 1986 he was at Italtel where he was responsible for the design and implementation of Itapac, the Italian packet network. His research interests cover packet data networks, Internet, and wireless access networks. Giacomo Verticale is Assistant Professor at Politecnico di Milano. He graduated in Telecommunications Engineering in 1998. In 1999 he joined the CEFRIEL research center, where he worked on the Voice-over-IP and ADSL technologies. Verticale got his Ph.D. in 2003 from Politecnico di Milano defending a thesis on the performance of packet transmission in UMTS. His current interests focus on Quality of Service and on 4G wireless networks. He is member of IEEE and ACM.     

Topological planning and design of UMTS mobile networks: a survey

In this paper, we present a literature review on the topological planning problem of third generation (3G) cellular networks based on the universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) standard. After describing the UMTS architecture, we introduce each subproblem and present major works that have been done. The cell, the access and the core network planning problems have all been considered as well as a more global approach (when more than one subproblems are considered simultaneously). Both planning and expansion algorithms are also included in this review. The goal of this paper is to present and classify the different research works that have been done so that it can be used as a starting point for future research on topological design of UMTS networks. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Broadcast Approach for UMTS Mobility Database Recovery

The universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) provides high bandwidth packet data services to mobile users. To support mobility management, an MM context is established for every mobile station in its corresponding serving GPRS support node (SGSN). When the SGSN fails, all MM contexts in the SGSN are corrupted. These MM contexts must be recovered or data delivery to the mobile stations will fail. This paper describes a broadcast approach that allows the MS to detect lost MM context in SGSN and therefore speeds up the process for SGSN recovery. We propose an analytic model to evaluate the performance of the broadcast approach. The analytic model is validated against simulation experiments. Based on our study, the network operator can select the appropriate parameter values in the broadcast approach for various traffic conditions.     

Superposition Coding with Unequal Error Protection for the Uplink of Overloaded DS-CDMA System

The overloaded CDMA schemes exploited in direct sequence CDMA (DS-CDMA) systems are mainly to accommodate a greater number of users than the available spreading factor N. In this paper, a superposition coding CDMA (SPC-CDMA) with unequal error protection (UEP) is proposed as one of the overloaded CDMA schemes for the next generation mobile communication systems. It exploits the available power control in most base stations to adapt the transmitted power of active users in the uplink channel. In this scheme, the active users are divided into G groups and each group consists of K users. The K users share the same spreading sequence and are distinguished by different received power levels. At the receiver side, the system first performs despreading for group detection followed by multiuser receiver to estimate the K user signals in each group. It is shown through simulations that better performance are achieved compared to the conventional DS-CDMA and existing overloaded collaborative spreading CDMA (CS-CDMA) schemes, in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and fading channels. Hence, the proposed scheme maximizes the system capacity K-fold compared to conventional DS-CDMA system without requiring extra spreading codes, with average signal to noise ratio (SNR) cost of only 1dB and 2 dB over AWGN and fading channels respectively at BER of 10^?3. On the other hand, for the same N, K and power constraints, SPC-CDMA scheme achieves twofold increase in data rate with 0.7 and 4 dB gains over AWGN and fading channels respectively, compared with overloaded CS-CDMA scheme in the same system capacity. In addition, the proposed scheme can also attain different levels of UEP for different users?? requirements by adjusting their fractions of transmitted powers.     

Architectural aspects for the evolution of mobile communicationstoward UMTS

The transition from second- to third-generation mobile systems and the evolution paths of the relevant radio/network configurations are driven by technical and market considerations. In fact, these are affecting the standardization and research process ongoing at the regional level (ETSI, ACTS Program, US Joint Technical Committee, Japanese ARIB) as well as the global level (ITU). The related discussion is becoming more and more meaningful for operators and manufacturers who are perceiving, on the one hand, the new perspectives associated with service, features, and bandwidth management evolution, and on the other hand, the great impact that such an evolution could have on the existing market scenario and system development plans. In addition, due to the widespread usage of GSM worldwide, this system should also be considered within the evolution scenarios toward third generation. This paper analyzes the situation emerging from the standards context, identifies some key characteristics associated with current proposals, and tries to define a possible third-generation systems architecture based on the most encouraging propositions, e.g., the separation of radio-dependent and independent functions and the integration with B-ISDN. The paper rationale and the identified solutions reflect the research activities within the ACTS project RAINBOW (radio access independent broad band on wireless), addressing architectural solutions for UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system), the European developing standard for third-generation systems     

Performance analysis of the internet‐protocol multimedia‐subsystem's control layer using a detailed queueing Petri‐net model

In the current trend in telecommunications industry towards all‐internet‐protocol (IP) infrastructures, IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) plays a critical role by providing a coherent data and control‐plane solution for large‐scale live multimedia applications in a flexible and cost‐effective manner. On the other hand, such a large‐scale service platform would inevitably fail without effective support for the quality‐of‐service (QoS) requirements perceived by its users. Among the most important factors that influence user QoS are system performance and scalability. In this paper, a performance model for IMS systems is developed using the queueing Petri nets (QPNs) as the modeling formalism. The model's parameters are tuned based on the measurements carried out using a well‐known IMS implementation. The model is validated against the real system. During the model calibration, the Java garbage‐collector process used in the home subscriber‐server (HSS) implementation was found to be a main factor in the discrepancy between the model and the reality. In addition, the effects of other factors such as the network stack in the operating system are investigated. The validated model is employed to give insights into the scalability of every single instance of IMS implementation. The model is extended to study load balancing among multiple instances of HSS to remove the main bottleneck in the system. It provides a valuable platform for resource management of various components of the IMS ecosystem to support the intended level of QoS for the users.     

Performance of Queueing Model of one UMTS Cell with R Virtual Zones by the Maximum Entropy Solution

UMTS stands for Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, which is one of the third generation (i.e., 3G) cellular systems, will come into full commercial phase by year 2005 and the first UMTS services are launched commercially in 2001. Therefore, the research of UMTS is an important and urgent task. In this paper, the performance of UMTS systems is studied through a queueing model which consists of one UMTS with many virtual zones to evaluate the system uplink traffic performance. The two performance measures: blocking probability and system utilization are obtained by the Maximum Entropy Principle, i.e., ME solutions for S _RXR (GGeo/GGeo/1)/N queue. S _RXR (GGeo/GGeo/1)/N system means that arrival time and service time are both GGeo (Generalized Geometric) distributed, each output port has a single server and the maximum capacity is N. After the theoretical analysis, the numerical results are found for the idiographic example, 8×8 (GGeo/GGeo/1)/512 queueing model. Additionally, the performance of this queueing model is discussed with the effect of the parameters Ca ² (squared coefficient of variation of the interarrival time), Cs ² (squared coefficient of variation of the service time) and the arrival rate, λ. Aymen I. Zreikat has obtained his B.Sc. in Computer Science from Yarmouk University, Jordan in 1990 and MSc in Computational Engineering (honour degree) from University of Erlangen, Germany in 2000. In January, 2001, he has joint the Performance Modelling and Engineering Research Group in the Computing Department of Bradford University, UK. His area of research is in the Performance Evaluation and Resource Management of 3G Wireless Mobile Networks. He has a set of international Journal and Conference papers in this field and he was responsible for reviewing a set of papers in this area of research. Furthermore, he is a member of some international organizations; i.e., MOSEL, etc. He has obtained his Ph.D. from Bradford University, UK in 2003. In January, 2004, he has appointed as an Assistant Professor at the Information Technology Department, Mutah University, Jordan where he is currently teaching some courses in performance modelling of Wirelsss Networks, programming languages, advanced simulation techniques and some other important courses.     

Intelligent MBWIMA/UMTS protocol using cascade fuzzy logic control for UTRA TDD mode

An intelligent medium-access-control (MAC) protocol based on cascade fuzzy-logic-control (CFLC), consisting of a fuzzy V/sub max/ (maximum number of voice/video slots) control and a fuzzy data-rate control for universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) terrestrial radio access time-division duplex (UTRA TDD) mode is presented. Voice, data, and video are integrated for transmission using CFLC-based movable-boundary wireless multiple access (MBWIMA) in the UMTS protocol. The performance of the CFLC-based MBWIMA/UMTS protocol with data-rate control is optimized by using the CFLC to generate the proper maximum number of voice/video slots and a suitable data rate. Simulation results demonstrate that the data-packet delay for the CFLC-based MBWIMA/UMTS protocol with data-rate control is less than that for the CFLC-based MBWIMA/UMTS protocol without data-rate control. The CFLC-based MBWIMA/UMTS protocol with data-rate control can greatly improve both the voice-video dropping probability and the data-packet delay of the MBWIMA/UMTS and general packet-radio system/UMTS protocols at the expense of a small decrease in the data-packet throughput. Voice-activity detector, single cell, and multicell environments are also considered.