复合乳酸菌在发芽糙米乳中的发酵特性

将植物乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌4种乳酸菌经三三组合后作为复合发酵剂对发芽糙米乳进行发酵,通过分析酸度、活菌数、脱水收缩作用敏感性、蛋白质分解力、流变学性质等实验结果,对各乳酸菌组合的发酵特性进行评价,最终筛选出适合发酵发芽糙米乳的最佳菌株组合。结果表明:植物乳杆菌-嗜酸乳杆菌-干酪乳杆菌组合所得到的发酵发芽糙米乳具有较高的品质。该发酵糙米乳在4℃条件下贮藏21 d后酸化程度较弱,下降了0.71个单位;活菌数变化小且冷藏期间数量一直高于8.7(lg(CFU/m L)),游离氨基酸平均含量达0.86 mmol/L,流变学性质显示其剪切稀化作用较弱。故该乳酸菌组合较为适合发酵发芽糙米乳。     

发酵酸菜来源乳酸菌的益生特性及其在发酵乳中的应用

通过pH值、胆盐耐受性实验从发酵酸菜中筛选性能优良的益生乳酸菌株,经16S rRNA序列分析鉴定得4 株植物乳杆菌A44、B51、B54、C53和2 株戊糖乳杆菌A16、B72。经疏水、黏附、自凝聚和溶血能力实验评价6 株乳酸菌的益生特性,其中植物乳杆菌A44对氯仿和二甲苯的疏水性均大于80%,对Caco-2细胞的黏附率为13.57%,放置5 h的自凝聚率超过60%,与其他菌株相比具有更好的益生特性且无溶血活性。因此选用植物乳杆菌A44进一步研究其在发酵乳中的功能特性,结果表明：植物乳杆菌A44作为辅助发酵剂添加后对4 ℃贮藏7 d期间发酵乳pH值、滴定酸度和持水性均无显著影响（P＞0.05）,但是可以显著提高发酵乳的活菌数和黏度（P＜0.05）,活菌数达到8.45（lg（CFU/mL））。本研究筛选得到的植物乳杆菌A44是一株性能优良的益生乳酸菌,具有作为发酵乳益生菌辅助发酵剂的潜在应用前景。     

乳酸菌豆芽乳发酵特性的研究

大豆发芽并经杀酶钝化等处理,制成豆芽乳,接种乳酸菌进行乳酸发酵试验。结果表明,乳酸菌在豆芽乳中生长良好,使豆芽乳ｐＨ值下降,产生凝乳作用,豆芽乳干物质含量１０％。保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌的接种比例为１：２、接种量为３～４％,发酵效果最好。发酵６ｈ后,滴定酸度达３７．５Ｔ０,乳酸菌数达５．８×１０７ｃｆｕ／ｍｌ。在豆芽乳中添加糖类,可增加发酵后豆芽乳的酸度和菌数,但效果不很显著。若添加３０％牛乳,可使酸度和菌数显著增高。乳酸菌在豆芽乳中虽发酵良好,但不产生酸牛乳所具有的特殊香味和风味。     

乳酸菌发酵不同乳基质的凝乳特性研究

探讨了不同乳酸菌发酵不同乳基质时的凝乳特性,为开发混合乳制品及豆乳发酵制品提供理论依据。对8株乳酸菌作用于纯牛乳、混合乳及纯豆乳时的凝乳性能进行了研究;检测了凝乳的粘度、酸度、双乙酰、胞外多糖和pH4.6时的可溶性氮含量。结果表明,以不同基质作为发酵介质时,乳酸菌呈现不同的凝乳特性。     

发酵乳中乳酸菌计数方法研究进展

乳酸菌的保健作用是公认的,以发酵乳为代表的活性乳酸菌制品中乳酸菌数量多少已成为人们判断其质量优劣的重要依据和指标。本文就发酵乳中乳酸菌数量测定方法的研究现状和发展趋势进行了论述。     

豆乳和花生乳的乳酸发酵研究

使用MRS培养基分离乳酸菌；通过革兰氏染色、凝乳时间观察和产酸量分析，筛选出生长活力高，产酸能力强的2株酸乳生产菌株：SLlb和SLst。将其以1：1的比例、3％的接种量接入适宜浓度的豆乳或花生乳中，在42℃保温培养2h～3、5h，得到风味纯正、酸甜适口、组织状态较好的酸豆乳和花生酸乳。     

发芽糙米乳中双株复合乳酸菌的发酵特性研究

以发芽糙米为基质,将植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、鼠李糖乳杆菌(L.rhamnosus)、嗜酸乳杆菌(L.acidophilus)、干酪乳杆菌(L.casei)4种乳酸菌经两两组合后,对发芽糙米乳进行发酵。通过对酸度、活菌数、脱水收缩作用敏感性、蛋白分解力、流变学性质等指标的测定来进行发酵特性评价,最终筛选出适合发酵发芽糙米乳的最佳菌株组合。实验结果表明:各组合在发芽糙米乳中的发酵特性不尽相同,其中嗜酸乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌对各自组合贮藏过程中酸度的变化起主导作用,每组产品的活菌数均达8 lg cfu/m L以上,发酵特性的组间差异较为明显。综合考虑鼠李糖乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌以1∶1的体积比组合所得产品品质较好,该发酵乳在4℃贮藏21 d后酸化程度较弱,p H下降了0.65个单位;乳清析出较少,7 d以后低于20%;活菌数变化小且冷藏期间数量一直高于8.5 lg cfu/m L,游离氨基酸增加0.08 mmol/L,流变学性质显示其黏稠度较高,相对易于储运。      

阿勒泰传统酸驼乳中乳酸菌发酵乳益生活性评价

为了探究乳酸菌对驼乳和牛乳益生活性的影响,用6株从新疆阿勒泰地区传统酸驼乳中筛选出的乳酸菌发酵驼乳和牛乳。通过模拟胃肠道环境耐受性、疏水性、抑菌能力、抗生素耐药性和溶血活性测定评价菌株的益生菌特性;通过抗氧化能力和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的评估比较其发酵驼乳和牛乳的益生活性。结果表明,6株乳酸菌具有一定的胃肠道定植能力和抑菌活性,对抗生素具有不同程度敏感性且不溶血。乳酸菌对驼乳和牛乳益生活性的影响与发酵时间有关,发酵36～48 h时具有较好降糖活性：副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paracasei)B1菌株发酵驼乳至36 h的ABTS⁺自由清除基能力最好(IC₅₀=14.99±0.09 mg/m L),粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)A5和副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paracasei)B1发酵驼乳的DPPH自由基清除活性和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性最好,IC₅₀分别为23～38 mg/mL和IC₅₀在8～16 mg/mL。粪肠球菌A5和副干酪乳杆菌B1可作...     

西藏牦牛发酵乳中乳酸菌及酵母菌的特性与相互作用

研究了西藏牦牛发酵乳中的优势菌株:发酵乳杆菌166A、乳酒假丝酵母37、酿酒酵母100、郎比克假丝酵母58在牛乳中的生长特性。探讨了发酵乳杆菌与酵母菌间的相互作用,在发酵过程中3株酵母菌均对发酵乳杆菌166A的生长有促进作用,发酵乳杆菌166A能抑制乳酒假丝酵母37的生长。酵母菌与发酵乳杆菌166A共同接种有利于保持产品冷藏期间活菌数的稳定,菌株之间可能存在共生作用。     

6 株乳酸菌在豆乳中的发酵特性

以干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei）、短乳杆菌（L. brevis）、嗜酸乳杆菌（L. acidophilus）、植物乳杆菌（L. plantarum）、鼠李糖乳杆菌（L. rhamnosus）和保加利亚乳杆菌（L. bulgaricus）分别发酵豆乳,测定发酵期间pH值、滴定酸度、游离氨基氮,发酵结束后的活菌数和质构参数,并且对所得产品进行感官评价。结果表明：发酵过程中前5 株菌发酵豆乳的pH值显著下降,而L. bulgaricus下降缓慢,发酵24 h pH值仅为5.2。这6 株菌发酵产品的活菌数均达到1.0×108 CFU/mL以上。结果表明L. casei、L. brevis、L. acidophilus和L. plantarum发酵得到的产品的坚实度、稠度、黏度、黏附性指数均较高,感官评定结果表明这4 株菌发酵豆乳产品得分均较高,容易被消费者接受,适合用于生产发酵豆乳产品。     

发酵乳中酵母菌和乳酸菌生长的相互影响

探讨了乳酸菌和酵母菌之间的相互作用。在发酵过程中,酿酒酵母对乳酸菌的生长有抑制作用。乳酸菌能促进酿酒酵母和马克思克鲁维酵母的生长。酿酒酵母和乳酸菌共同接种有利于保持产品冷藏期间活菌数的稳定,菌株之间可能存在共生作用。      

奶啤生产中乳酸菌对酵母菌发酵作用的研究

利用乳酸菌和酵母菌的共生作用,对牛乳进行了混合菌种的发酵研究。分析了共生作用对产品pH值、滴定酸度、乙醇含量和α-氨基酸态氮的影响。研究结果表明,乳酸菌的加入不仅可以提高酵母菌的生长速度,而且可以提高产品的风味,奶啤的酒精含量相对啤酒较低,是酒精度较低的健康型饮料。     

乳酸菌发酵法检测牛乳中抗生素残留

目的建立一种简单、准确的检测牛乳中抗生素残留的方法-乳酸菌发酵法。方法以接种量和温度为变量,优化发酵条件;以青霉素为目标抗生素,建立检测方法;以发酵4 h未凝乳的样品中抗生素最低浓度为检测限,测定本方法对20种抗生素的检测限;对比本方法和GB/T 4789.27方法检测111个商品乳样品中抗生素残留检出率,验证本方法的准确性。结果建立了乳酸菌发酵法检测乳中抗生素残留的具体方法;确定了本方法对8类20种抗生素的检测限,其中4类12种抗生素的检测限低于其在牛乳中的最大残留限量(MRL);本方法和GB/T 4789.27方法检测111个商品乳样品抗生素残留检出率分别为9.0%和11.7%。结论本方法操作简单,结果准确,适合企业及基层检测单位作为初筛方法检测牛乳中的抗生素残留。     

发酵肉制品中乳酸菌的主要发酵特性

从发酵肉制品中分离、纯化乳酸菌132株,对它们的主要发酵特性如耐盐性、耐硝性、产黏液、产气等进行了测定,并比较了它们在不同培养基中的产酸情况。     

Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in pasteurized milk during fermentation with lactic acid bacteria

The behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in pasteurized milk during fermentation with starter and nonstarter lactic acid bacteria was investigated. Pasteurized milk was co-inoculated with approximately 10(4) CFU/ml of L. monocytogenes and 10(6) CFU/ml of Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus cremoris, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, or Streptococcus thermophilus. Inoculated milks were incubated at 30 degrees C or 37 degrees C for 24 to 72 h. Listeria monocytogenes survived and also grew to some extent during incubation in the presence of all starter cultures; however, inhibition ranged from 83 to 100% based on maximum cell populations. During incubation with L. bulgaricus and L. plantarum, L. monocytogenes was completely inactivated after 20 h and 64 h of incubation at 37 degrees C and 30 degrees C, respectively. The pH of the fermenting milks declined steadily throughout the fermentation periods and was approximately 4.2 at the conclusion of the experimental period regardless both of the starter culture and pathogen combination or the temperature of incubation.     

Changes in chemical composition and sensory qualities of peanut milk fermented with lactic acid bacteria

The effects of fermentation of aqueous extracts of peanuts (peanut milk) with Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus, separately and in combination, on selected chemical and sensory qualities were investigated. Changes in pH, titratable acidity and viable cell populations indicated that there was a synergistic interaction between L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and S. salivarius ssp. thermophilus during fermentation. Analysis of headspace volatiles revealed that hexanal, which is one of the compounds responsible for undesirable green/beany flavor in peanut milk, completely disappeared as a result of fermentation. S. salivarius ssp. thermophilus was more effective than L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus in reducing the hexanal content. The acetaldehyde content of peanut milk increased during fermentation. Changes in concentrations of these volatile compounds were correlated with sensory evaluation scores which showed that a significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) decrease in green/beany flavor and a significant increase in creamy flavor occurred as a result of fermentation.     

豆腐乳中乳酸菌的分离鉴定与发酵特性研究

目的分离鉴定农家自制传统发酵豆腐乳中的乳酸菌,探讨其作为豆类乳酸菌发酵饮品菌株的可行性。方法利用MRS(man rogosa sharp)培养基分离豆腐乳中的乳酸菌,通过形态学观察、生理生化特性和16S rDNA基因序列分析进行鉴定,并将所分离到的乳酸菌与适合于豆类植物发酵的植物乳杆菌FJAT-7926(Lactobacillus plantarum FJAT-7926)和干酪乳杆菌FJAT-7928 (Lactobacillus casei FJAT-7928)进行发酵特性的对比研究。结果从豆腐乳中分离出1株乳酸菌,命名为FJAT-46777,该菌株菌体细胞为圆端直杆状或圆端弯曲杆状,无芽孢,革兰氏阳性,过氧化氢酶阴性,生理生化特征与发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentum)一致,对菌株的16S rDNA基因进行扩增测序、分子系统发育树分析,也表明其为发酵乳杆菌。发酵乳杆菌FJAT-46777发酵的豆乳中乳酸菌增殖速度最快,最终活菌数最高,为9.42 lg(CFU/mL); pH值下降最快,最终pH值最低,为3.91;滴定酸度上升速度最快,最终滴定酸度最高,为62~ΟT。结论分离自豆类自然发酵食品中的发酵乳杆菌FJAT-46777,对豆类植物为主的基质具有更优良的发酵特性,发酵时间快,乳酸菌含量高,产酸能力强,适用于发酵豆乳的开发。     

柳松菇抽提物对乳酸菌发酵性状的影响

将柳松菇抽提物添加到脱脂乳中，以嗜热链球菌和嗜酸乳杆菌为发酵剂制成发酵乳，考察柳松菇抽提物对发酵乳的凝乳时间、凝乳效果、在发酵及贮存过程中乳酸菌的生长、滴定酸度、pH值、黏度及感官性状等的影响。结果表明，5％的添加量能明显促进乳酸菌在乳中的生长，提高产酸速率，缩短凝乳时间，增强凝乳效果，改善发酵乳品质。     

Effects of ultrasound on the fermentation profile of fermented milk products incorporated with lactic acid bacteria

Ultrasonic processing of fermented milk products has created much interest in current research on dairy products. This has been employed in cultured milk products to enhance the emulsification of milk fat and to intensify the fermentation process. Benefits including remarkable product stability, reduced processing time and enhanced quality are being recorded. Ultrasound (US) altered the colour and flavour profile of milk; however, the effect of US-induced fermentation on the synthesis of flavour compounds in milk has not been reported in the literature. This review paper presents a comprehensive scenario on the impact of power US on the fermentation profile and quality of ultrasonically processed dairy products. A theoretical background on US and details of its effect on the metabolic performance of lactic acid bacteria are presented. Finally, it describes how the quality attributes of fermented milk gels are modified due to the intensification of the fermentation process with US.     

Characterisation of lactic acid bacteria in spontaneously fermented camel milk and selection of strains for fermentation of camel milk

The microbial communities in spontaneously fermented camel milk from Ethiopia were characterised through metagenomic 16S rRNA sequencing and lactic acid bacteria were isolated with the goal of selecting strains suitable as starter cultures. The fermented camel milk microbiota was dominated either by Lactobacillales or by Enterobacteriaceae, depending on incubation temperature and the provider of the milk. Strains of species with a potential use as starter cultures i.e., Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Pediococcus acidilactici, were isolated. Fast acidifiers of camel milk have been isolated from the species of Lc. lactis, P. acidilactici, and Streptococcus infantarius. Gram-negative and potentially pathogenic microorganisms were frequent in spontaneously fermented camel milk, indicating the need for improved hygiene in Ethiopian camel farms. The profiled microbiota of spontaneously fermented camel milk and the isolated LAB strains will significantly contribute towards improving food safety and food security in dry regions that depend on camel milk production.