C/C-SiC刹车材料的研究进展

C/C-SiC复合材料是新一代高性能刹车材料,在高速列车、飞机和重型汽车等高能载制动领域具有广阔的应用前景。介绍了C/C-SiC复合材料的制备方法,分析了各种制备方法的优缺点。从材料的物相组成和使役条件两方面分析了C/C-SiC刹车材料摩擦磨损性能的影响因素,介绍了C/C-SiC刹车材料的优化设计,并对未来的研究方向、研究重点进行了展望。     

碳/碳-碳化硅复合材料的摩擦磨损行为与机理

以液相渗硅工艺为手段制备了C/C-SiC复合材料。分别采用MMW-1A与MM-1000型试验机对复合材料的摩擦磨损性能进行了研究。结果表明: 在实验室条件下, 当压力恒定在0.48 MPa时, 转速对复合材料的摩擦磨损的性能影响甚微, 摩擦系数为0.15~0.16, 且磨损率接近; 当转速恒定在0.3 m/s时, 不同压力条件下的摩擦系数相近, 为0.13~0.15, 但磨损率存在较大差异, 材料磨损以磨粒磨损为主。在近工况条件下, C/C-SiC复合材料的摩擦系数达到0.50, 磨损率达到5.95 mg/次, 摩擦曲线表现为典型的马鞍形曲线, 试验前期材料磨损主要表现为磨粒磨损, 试验后期为粘着磨损。     

熔融渗硅法制备C/C-SiC复合材料的研究进展

综述了熔融渗硅法制备C/C-SiC复合材料的国内外研究和应用现状,重点分析了碳纤维预制体和C/C多孔体的制备,以及熔融渗硅过程对C/C-SiC复合材料性能和结构的影响,介绍了C/C-SiC复合材料作为热结构和摩擦材料在航空航天和先进摩擦制动系统中的应用,提出了C/C-SiC复合材料制备过程中存在的问题和今后研究的重点.     

C/C复合材料摩擦磨损性能研究

综述了国内外对C/C复合材料摩擦磨损性能的研究现状.指出C/C复合材料的摩擦磨损机理为机械磨损和氧化磨损,在高温下(500℃以上)C/C复合材料的磨损是机械磨损和氧化磨损共同作用的结果,而氧化是磨损的根本原因;影响C/C复合材料摩擦磨损性能的因素有材料本身的因素,如复合材料的热解炭结构、密度、石墨化度、防氧化涂层等,也有实际操作条件的因素如刹车环境、刹车过程中的刹车速度、刹车能量等.提出对不同工艺制备的C/C复合材料的摩擦磨损性能有待于进一步研究.     

C／C—SiC制动材料的研究进展

简要介绍了汽车制动材料的种类和各类材料的优缺点,指出C/C-SiC复合材料具有优良的摩擦性能,代表着当前制动材料的最高水平.主要论述了C/C-SiC制动材料的国内外研究进展、制备工艺以及未来的发展趋势.在制备工艺中,主要介绍了液相硅渗透法和温压一原位反应法两种短周期、低成本的工艺.认为采用短碳纤维模压工艺是以后大批量生产C/C-SiC制动材料最有前途的一种方法.     

高性能制动系统用炭纤维增强炭和SiC双基体(C/C-SiC)复合材料

C/C-SiC制动材料具有密度低、耐高温、制动平稳、摩擦因数高、磨损少和环境适应性强等优点,是一种能满足高速高能载制动的高性能轻质材料。本文以针刺炭纤维整体毡为预制体,采用化学气相渗透法制备C/C多孔体,然后熔融渗硅制得C/C-SiC材料;研究了C/C-SiC材料的组织结构、力学性能及其失效模式、摩擦磨损性能及机理,同时介绍了中南大学研制的C/C-SiC制动材料的应用现状。     

C/C-SiC材料不同制动速率下的湿式摩擦磨损性能

以炭纤维针刺毡为预制体,先采用化学气相渗透法制备炭基体,然后采用熔融渗硅法制备SiC基体,得到C/C-SiC摩擦材料;利用MM-1000型惯性试验台研究了C/C-SiC材料在不同制动速度下干态和CD15W-40柴油机油润滑状态下的摩擦磨损性能。研究结果表明:C/C-SiC摩擦材料与水的接触角为80.5°左右,为亲油性材料;C/C-SiC材料在CD15W-40柴油机油润滑状态下,随制动速度从3000r/min升高到6000r/min,其摩擦因数和线性磨损量在4000r/min时达到最大值,分别是0.21μm/cycle和1.1μm/cycle,而在5000r/min和6000r/min时,其摩擦因数均为0.17,线性磨损量均为0;C/C-SiC摩擦材料在湿态条件下能保持较高的摩擦因数,制动曲线平稳,磨损率低,可作为新一代工程机械和重型车辆湿式离合器用摩擦材料的候选材料。     

C/C刹车材料的摩擦磨损性能与机理

简要介绍了C/C复合材料在刹车领域的应用,综述了几十年来人们以C/C刹车材料摩擦磨损性能与机理的研究结果,对C/C复合材料的摩擦磨损特征和影响摩擦磨损性能的一些因素作了介绍。     

炭纤维增强C/SiC双基体复合材料的制备及性能(英文)

以针刺炭纤维整体毡为预制体,联用化学气相沉积法与熔融渗硅法制得炭纤维增强C/SiC双基体(C/C-SiC)复合材料;研究了C/C-Si材料的显微结构、力学性能和不同制动速度下的摩擦磨损性能及机理。结果表明:C/C-SiC材料具有适中的纤维/基体界面结合强度,弯曲强度和压缩强度分别达240MPa和210MPa,具有摩擦系数高(0.41～0.54),磨损小(0.02cm3/MJ),摩擦性能稳定等特点.随着制动速度提高,C/C-Si材料的摩擦磨损机制也随之变化:在低速制动条件下主要表现为磨粒磨损;中速时以黏着磨损为主;高速时以疲劳磨损和氧化磨损为主。     

三维编织复合材料在润滑条件下的摩擦性能

利用树脂传递模塑(RTM)工艺制备了三维编织炭纤维/环氧(C3D/EP)复合材料.采用MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机研究了该材料润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能,探讨了载荷及滑动速度等外界因素的影响;并采用XL30 ESEM电子显微镜观察磨损表面形貌,分析了其磨损机理.结果表明,润滑条件下复合材料的摩擦磨损性能远优于干摩擦,且磨合期较短;随着载荷的增加,复合材料的摩擦系数和比磨损率降低,但滑动速度对摩擦磨损性能的影响很小;润滑条件下的磨损机理主要是磨粒磨损.     

Preparation, Properties and Application of C/C-SiC Composites Fabricated by Warm Compacted-in situ Reaction

Carbon fibre reinforced carbon and SiC dual matrices composites (C/C-SiC) show superior tribological properties, high thermal shock resistance and good abrasive resistance, and they are promising candidates for advanced brake and clutch systems. The microstructure, mechanical properties, friction and wear properties, and application of the C/C-SiC composites fabricated by warm compacted-in situ reaction were introduced. The results indicated that the composites were composed of 50-60 wt pct carbon, 2-10 wt pct residual silicon and 30-40 wt pct silicon carbide. The C/C-SiC brake composites exhibited good mechanical properties. The value of flexural strength and compressive strength could reach 160 and 112 MPa, respectively. The impact strength was about 2.5 kJ·m^-2. The C/C-SiC brake composites showed excellent tribological performance, including high coefficient of friction (0.38), good abrasive resistance (1.10 μm/cycle) and brake steadily on dry condition. The tribological properties on wet condition could be mostly maintained. The silicon carbide matrix in C/C-SiC brake composites improved the wear resistance, and the graphite played the lubrication function, and right volume content of graphite was helpful to forming friction film to reduce the wear rate. These results showed that C/C-SiC composites fabricated by warm compacted-in situ reaction had excellent properties for use as brake materials.     

SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料制动盘的研究

采用半固态搅拌熔炼-液态模锻工艺制备了与Santana轿车前制动器相匹配的SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料制动盘,对该制动盘进行了材料拉伸性能和微观结构分析,并在SCHENCK制动试验台上进行了制动性能和制动磨损试验。结果表明,复合材料的拉伸性能优于传统制动盘材料HT250铸铁;在各种制动工况条件下,复合材料制动盘对制动衬片的摩擦系数均在大众公司企业标准规定的范围之内,且较稳定;此外,复合材料制动盘质轻、耐磨,制动噪音小、温升低,运转平稳;因此,可望以其替代传统的铸铁制动盘,提高制动器的安全可靠性和服役寿命,减轻轿车悬挂系统的重量,降低油耗。      

Schwingungsverschleiß von ungeschmeierten,faserkeramischen C/C-SiC-Gleitpaarungen

Unlubricated oscillating sliding wear of C/C-Sic fibre reinforced composites C/C-SiC fibre reinforced composites were produced by liquid infiltration technique. Porous C-fibre laminates containing carbonic resin were infiltrated with liquid silicon, leading to a SiC-matrix. Mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were measured. Tribological tests were carried out on self-mated C/C-SiC and C/C-SiC mated with ZrO₂ and steel, respectively, in unlubricated oscillating sliding contact using a ring-on-block tribometer. Environmental conditions such as relative humidity and testing temperature were varied. Microstructures of the composites as well as the worn surfaces were systematically analysed using scanning electron microscopy. Experimental results showed a significant influence of the relative humidity and the testing temperature on tribological properties. Self-lubricating effects due to carbon films occurred at sufficient humidity, contact temperatures < 90°C and below a critical surface pressure.     

制动盘对盘形制动摩擦性能的影响

在l：l惯性力矩制动试验台上研究了蠕墨铸铁制动盘和灰铸铁制动盘与所研制的合成材料闸片配副时的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明制动盘材质对摩擦性能有很大的影响：所研制的合成材料闸片与灰铸铁盘配副的摩擦副具有较小的速度、压力敏感性，较高的摩擦系数，较低的制动盘表面温度，但闸片的磨损量较大。     

高摩擦学性能碳／碳复合材料研制

探索了高摩热学性能碳／碳（Ｃ／Ｃ）复合材料的制备途径，设计出了高摩擦学性能Ｃ／Ｃ材料的组织模型，并按模型制备出了在碳纤维上分布着球状沉积碳组织的Ｃ／Ｃ材料，实验表明：这种Ｃ／Ｃ材料具有良好的摩擦磨损性能，刹车力矩和速度的关系曲线平稳，初始力矩峰值小，摩擦系数适中；磨损率小，摩擦面光滑；试样无分层、碎裂、掉块等失效情况。     

Process and wear behavior of monolithic SiC and short carbon fiber-SiC matrix composite

The process and wear behavior of monolithic SiC and 10 vol. % short carbon fiber-SiC matrix (C-SiC) composite have been studied. The results indicate that, among ethyl alcohol, acetone, n-hexane and n-octyl alcohol, n-octyl alcohol was the most effective dispersing agent in dispersing both SiC powder and short carbon fiber. Among AlN, Al₂O₃, B₄C, graphite, AlN/B₄C, AlN/graphite, B₄C/graphite and Al₂O₃/B₄C, the most effective sintering aid for the fabrication of SiC and C-SiC composite was a mixture of 2 wt% AlN and 0.5 wt% graphite. The monolithic SiC hot-pressed at 2100°C exhibited higher density but lower flexural strength than those hot-pressed at 2000°C due to a grain growth effect. For the C-SiC composite, both density and strength of the composite hot-pressed at 2100°C were generally higher than those hot-pressed at 2000°C. The density and strength of C-SiC composite were lower than those of monolithic SiC under the same hot pressing conditions due to a higher porosity level in the composite. When monolithic SiC slid against C-SiC composite, the weight losses of SiC and the composite were each less than that of self-mated SiC or self-mated C-SiC. In the self-mated SiC tribosystem, a mechanically stable film could not be established, resulting in an essentially constant wear rate. When sliding against C-SiC, a thin, smooth and adherent debris film was quickly formed on the SiC surface, resulting in a lower wear.     

纤维取向对碳/碳复合材料摩擦磨损性能影响

本文研究了碳纤维取向对碳/碳(C/C)复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,通过对二向、三向C/C复合材料结构分析和摩擦试验表明:二向C/C复合材料中的碳纤维有时单根、有时呈现一小束被沉积碳包围,材料的刹车初始力矩峰值较低,摩擦系数小,但磨损率大;三向C/C复合材料中每根碳纤维被沉积碳包围,材料的刹车力矩曲线平稳,摩擦系数稍大,磨损率小.     

三维针刺C/SiC刹车材料的摩擦磨损性能

通过化学气相渗透法(CVI)结合反应熔体浸渗法(RMI)制备了三维针刺,C/SiC刹车材料 , 利用 MM21000型摩擦磨损试验机系统研究了C/SiC刹车材料的摩擦磨损性能,采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜分别对摩擦表面和磨屑形貌进行了观察。结果表明:干态刹车条件下,当初始刹车速度相同时,摩擦系数随着刹车压力的升高而逐渐降低;当刹车压力相同时,摩擦系数随着初始刹车速度的增加先升高后降低。湿态摩擦性能衰减小(衰减约8 %) 、恢复快;静态摩擦系数高(为0. 56～0. 61),摩擦系数随着初始刹车温度的升高而显著降低。当刹车压力相同时,磨损率随着初始刹车速度的增加而增大;当初始刹车速度大于20 m/s时,刹车压力的增大使磨损率显著增加。