基于SRS遍历容量的下行波束赋形性能研究

波束赋形传输技术包括下行波束赋形和上行波束赋形。下行链路波束赋形是通过基于估算信道信息加权多天线的发射信号来实现的,从而增强在目标用户方向上的部分功率增益。上行链路波束赋形本质上是对来自不同天线单元信号进行加权和求和计算,以优化所需信号的质量并抵制干扰。简要描述下行链路波束赋形系统模型构建方案和最优获得空间相关矩阵值算法。在此基础上,详细阐述移动通信系统中下行链路波束赋形应用的基本原理,重点研究SRS遍历容量改进优势,分析波束赋形基准性能和多滴仿真性能的特点。结合链路层单一EBB衰落算法的结果,通过对短期和长期以及混合波束赋形技术的比较,得出了一些重要结论。     

基于深度学习的多用户毫米波中继网络混合波束赋形

针对传统多用户毫米波中继系统波束赋形方案计算复杂度高的问题，提出一种基于深度学习（DL）的奇异值分解（SVD）方法来设计混合波束赋形，以优化发送端、中继端和接收端波束赋形器。首先，利用DL方法设计发送端、中继端的波束赋形矩阵最大化可实现的频谱效率；然后，设计中继端、接收端的频带波束赋形矩阵以最大化等效信道增益；最后，在接收端设计最小均方误差（MMSE）滤波器消除用户间干扰。理论分析和仿真结果表明，基于DL的混合波束赋形方法相较于交替最大化（AltMax）与传统SVD方法：在高维信道矩阵和较多的用户情况下，计算复杂度分别降低了12.5%和23.44%；在已知信道状态信息（CSI）的情况下，频谱效率分别提高了2.277%和21.335%，在非完美CSI情况下，频谱效率分别提高了11.452%和43.375%。     

MU-MIMO系统中利用信道信息预测值的反馈机制

提出了一种多用户MIMO下行链路中基于收发双方共同预测信道的信道信息反馈机制。在实际传输时,基站和用户双方采用相同的算法预测信道,用户将信道预测值和真实值之差,通过离线设计好的LBG码本进行量化,将码本序号反馈给基站。该方案中,利用实测的大样本信道采样值,以均值意义下的预测误差最小化为目标,采用LBG算法设计了量化码本。基站根据用户反馈的码本序号和自己实时的信道预测值,重建出接近真实信道的估计值,并利用该估计值对传输数据做预编码。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

毫米波通信中一种优化的波束搜索算法研究

波束形成技术成为毫米波无线通信的关键技术之一,其中码本搜索算法成为研究重点.IEEE802.15.3c及IEEE802.1 1ad中提出的均是基于遍历搜索的算法,这类算法随着码本数目的增加,搜索时间将变的难以接受.本文提出一种最优扇区数目波束搜索算法,该算法根据波束级码本数目,求出搜索次数最少的扇区数目,并构造相应的扇区码本,然后先在构造的扇区码本上进行搜索,再进行波束搜索.最优扇区数目波束搜索算法利用最优的扇区数目大大减小的波束搜索复杂度,减小的波束搜素所需时间.理论分析和程序仿均证明了最优扇区数目波束搜索算法的在减少搜索次数方面的有效性.     

一种基于异构随机矢量的波束赋形方法

为克服迭代波束赋形方法在低信噪比下性能差的问题,针对毫米波MIMO系统提出一种基于异构随机矢量的波束赋形方法。通过在发射机和接收机之间来回发送异构随机矢量,所提出方法能在低复杂度下获得信道自相关矩阵的估计。进而基带处理器可通过奇异值分解的经典幂方法来快速获得近似最优的发送波束赋形矢量。而接收机可通过相同的过程获得对应的接收波束赋形矢量。所提出的方法采用高斯随机变量和正负随机变量所构成的异构随机矢量,能在理论上消除加性高斯白噪声的影响从而获得近似最优等效信道增益。仿真结果表明,所提出的方法有渐进最优的信道增益,在低信噪比下显著优于迭代方法。因此在保密通信等高功率波束训练不允许的场景下具有实用意义。     

基于级联预编码的蜂窝下行机会干扰对齐

本文针对多天线蜂窝网络下行干扰信道,利用级联预编码思想和以干扰对齐为用户调度准则的随机波束赋形方法,提出了一种机会式干扰对齐算法。在基站与被选中用户的下行链路中,双层预编码的设计可以同时处理小区内和小区间干扰。与普通的随机波束赋形算法相比,本文的方法使得系统具有更大和容量且有更高的能量效率,仿真验证了本文算法的优越性。     

理想毫米波信道条件下低复杂度的混合波束成形

在基站和用户均采用多天线的混合波束成形架构、下行链路信道为理想毫米波信道的系统下,针对总频谱效率最大问题,提出了一种低复杂度的混合波束成形算法。该方案采用分步的方式,首先进行基站端和用户端的模拟波束成形矩阵的分别求解,在得到模拟波束成形矩阵的基础上得到等效的基带信道,然后利用块对角化数字波束成形算法求解数字波束成形矩阵。仿真结果表明,相比于其他方案,该方案在复杂度较低的同时,也提升了系统的总频谱效率。     

智能天线中的下行波束赋形

智能天线技术是TD-SCDMA系统中的关键技术,其中下行波束赋形使下行波束对准移动用户,可靠地减小了干扰,提高了系统的频谱利用率。本文给出了TD-SCDMA中的下行波束赋形算法,并对算法进行了仿真。     

基于上下行对偶的CRN下行功率分配和波束赋形算法

认知无线网络（CRN）在underlay工作模式下的多用户下行功率分配和波束赋形问题研究中存在通用的SDR算法计算复杂度高,实用性受限以及优化问题中忽视主网络（PN）对认知用户（SU）的干扰等问题。针对这些问题,首先在CRN网络模型中增添PN对SU的干扰,生成优化问题;而后基于上行和下行的对偶特性,采用虚拟功率,将优化问题进行形式变换,成为上行功率分配和波束赋形问题;得到能够简便、快速求解的迭代算法。分析了算法的收敛特性,得到了收敛条件;并进一步计算了算法的复杂度,结果表明优于SDR算法。数值仿真显示,算法收敛很快;而且表明主网络基站（PBS）发送功率的变化影响可行解区域;PBS发送功率的增加会导致CRN下行功率增大,影响较显著。     

大规模MIMO系统中基于部分Kronecker积的两级码本

针对垂直维空间自由度未被充分利用的问题,设计一种基于部分Kronecker积的两级码本。在两级码本中,第1级码本确定一个波束向量组,该向量组确定用户的大致范围,描述信道的长期/宽带特性。第2级码本对此波束向量组进行波束列选择和极化方向间的相位调整,选出的波束能准确地指向用户,反映信道的短期/子带特性。该两级码本能平衡大规模MIMO系统中反馈开销和信道量化精确度之间的关系。仿真结果表明,在不增加反馈开销的情况下,该码本设计方法在系统频谱效率和吞吐量方面能获得明显的性能增益。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.