新型Mg-8Li-5Al-5Ca合金的微观组织、力学及耐腐蚀性能

设计了新型高钙铝比Mg-8Li-5Al-5Ca合金,通过常温拉伸、失重法、pH测定和电化学测试等方法研究了合金的常温力学性能和耐腐蚀性能。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析了基体和腐蚀产物相结构、合金显微组织以及腐蚀形貌。研究结果表明,这种镁锂合金形成Al2Ca相包围双基体(α-Mg+β-Li)的结构,挤压后基体组织和第二相粒子均明显细化。Mg-8Li-5Al-5Ca合金的耐腐蚀性能优于一般镁锂合金,且随着挤压比的增大进一步提升。该合金的力学性能协调了镁锂合金的优良塑性和高钙铝比镁合金的高强度,拥有较高的抗拉强度(222 MPa)和延伸率(8.3%)。     

航空铝锂合金研究进展

面对航空铝合金材料受到复合材料激烈竞争以及新一代飞机对结构材料的苛刻需求,研究人员不断地研发新型高综合性能航空铝合金及其加工技术,发展大规格材料及材料/构件一体化加工原理与技术。与复合材料相比,新型铝锂合金在减重、控制风险和降低生产、加工和维修成本方面具有优势,通过发展新型铝锂合金和先进的结构设计已成为支撑新一代飞机发展的重要技术手段。简要综述了铝锂合金国内外发展历史及不同阶段典型合金成分、性能及应用情况,介绍了铝锂合金超塑性技术的发展及其在航空航天领域的应用,阐述了新型铝锂合金的成分设计发展方向及组织调控模式,分析了铝锂合金在航空航天领域的应用前景。     

2195铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊接头盐雾腐蚀行为研究

本文研究了厚度为8 mm的2195铝锂合金母材及搅拌摩擦焊接头在3.5wt.％NaCl介质中的盐雾腐蚀行为,计算了不同腐蚀周期下的腐蚀速率,并通过OM、SEM、TEM观察分析母材与焊核区的腐蚀微观形貌.结果 表明:2195铝锂合金母材及搅拌摩擦焊接头在3.5％ NaCl腐蚀介质中的主要腐蚀形式为点蚀,随时间的延长发展为...     

新型铝锂合金的研究和发展

综述了铝锂合金的研究概况,介绍了新型铝锂合金的成分、性能、组织特征和提高强韧性的途径,并针对铝锂合金目前存在的问题,提出了今后的研究方向.     

Nd:YAG激光焊接对铝锂合金组织和织构的影响

采用Nd:YAG激光进行了5A90铝锂合金薄板的对焊实验,借助光学显微镜、扫描电镜及EDS能谱、背散射衍射技术测试了焊缝的显微组织、合金元素分布及焊缝中的微观织构,并与母材进行了比较。结果表明:Nd:YAG激光焊接使5A90铝锂合金的微观组织和微观织构发生了很大的变化。焊缝区呈现出大量的等轴枝晶组织,这是由于焊缝中存在较多的异质形核点和较高的成分过冷度。焊缝中织构呈随机分布的状态,激光焊接完全改变了母材面心立方金属的冷轧织构组织。     

固溶温度对2A96铝锂合金电化学腐蚀性能的影响

为了寻求合适的固溶处理制度,采用电化学测试、金相组织观察、显微硬度测试等手段研究2A96铝锂合金的极化曲线、交流阻抗、开路电位与腐蚀时间的关系及其金相组织和显微硬度。在T6态下,选取5个不同固溶温度处理2A96铝锂合金,固溶处理时间均为60 min。实验结果表明:固溶温度为510 ℃时,合金的自腐蚀电压最小,自腐蚀电流密度最大,即固溶温度为510 ℃时试样最容易被腐蚀,腐蚀速率也最快,此时开路电位随腐蚀时间的增加下降最快;2A96铝锂合金在不同固溶温度下的金相组织晶粒尺寸都比较均匀,晶粒呈等轴状分布;固溶温度为540 ℃时,试样硬度最大,达到236.41 HV。     

铝锂合金研究进展和航空航天应用

概述了国内外铝锂合金的研究历史和发展现状,以及铝锂合金在航空航天领域的应用情况。回顾和总结国外新型铝锂合金的特征和加工制造技术进展,介绍了国外新型铝锂合金的生产情况。总结和分析了我国铝锂合金制造技术发展和最新应用,指出了我国铝锂合金发展中存在的不足。最后探讨了我国铝锂合金的发展趋势和研究发展方向。     

8090铝锂合金的应力腐蚀破裂行为

一、前言 铝锂合金与常规铝合金相比,密度降低10％,弹性模量提高10～15％,是一种新型航空航天工业结构材料,并在发展的复合材料竞争中显示了明显的优势。对于航空航天高性能工程应用来说,材料的环境敏感断裂性能至关重要,尤其是铝锂合金在服役条件下是否具有优良的应力腐蚀破裂阻力,已经成为铝锂合金研究工作者的主要课题。近年来,国外许多研究人员开展了铝锂合金应力腐蚀破裂行为的研究,一致认为,Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr合金的SCC抗力与热处理条件密切相关,而且还存在力学性能与耐蚀性不匹配的问题。为推进铝锂合金的实用化,本文测试了8090Al-Li合金的SCC敏感性,探讨了SCC敏感性与时效条件和显微组织的依赖关系。此外还将铝锂合金的SCC敏感性与常规铝合金进行了对比。 二、实验方法 实验合金成分(wt％):2.59Li,1.3Cu,1.1Mg,0.13Zr,其余为Al。合金在真空感应炉中和氩气保护下熔铸,经二级均匀化处理,挤压开坯,再轧制成不同厚度板材,或者一次挤压成大小型材。试样的热处理制度见表1。LY12和LC4常规铝合金材料系东北轻合金加工厂生产。采用恒载荷和慢应变速率试验测试合金的SCC     

铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊研究进展

铝锂合金作为一种低密度、高性能的新型结构材料,被认为是航空航天领域中实现飞行器轻量化的理想结构材料之一。而搅拌摩擦焊作为一种固相焊接技术,能够克服铝锂合金熔化焊时易产生的裂纹、气孔等缺陷,在铝锂合金焊接领域具有重要的应用前景。从搅拌摩擦焊焊接工艺、接头组织与性能等方面综述了铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊近几年的研究进展,总结了其存在的主要问题,并对铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊技术未来的发展进行了展望。     

快速凝固铝锂合金研究进展

快速凝固铝锂合金是一种低密度、高强度、高弹性模量的引入注目的新型航空航天结构材料。本文概述了快速凝固铝锂合金的特点、基本制备工艺及力学性能，着重综述了提高锂含量，减少氧化物的危害和研制离锆的铝锂合金这三个方面的最新进展，并简要介绍了应用现状和发展前景。     

Environmentally assisted cracking of aluminium alloys

A short review of the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behaviour of aluminium alloys is given. Mechanisms of environmentally assisted cracking are outlined. For aluminium alloys, in which stress corrosion cracks propagate predominantly along grain boundaries, anodic dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement have been proposed. Transgranular stress corrosion cracking occurring at severe loading conditions has found particular interest concerning localised corrosion‐deformation interactions. Accelerated test methods for assessing the SCC behaviour are described, including the slow strain rate testing technique and the breaking load method. Results of recent studies on environmentally assisted cracking of aluminium alloys are summarised. Most of the work published in the last two decades has been on aluminium‐lithium based alloys and improved high strength Al‐Zn‐Mg‐Cu alloys in corrosion resistant retrogressed and re‐aged tempers.     

The microstructural control of cast and mechanical properties of zinc-aluminium alloys

The zinc-aluminium alloys containing 8, 12, and 27% aluminium are finding increasing applications in the casting industry. These alloys are stronger than most aluminium alloys. In addition, they possess high wear resistance and bearing properties. However, surface sinks and shrinkage defects are observed on the bottom faces of such castings, contrary to general foundry practice. In the present investigation, this problem observed in the Zn-8%Al, Zn-12%Al, Zn-27%Al alloys was tackled by controlling various casting parameters and also by additions of the master alloys of strontium and lithium into the molten alloys. It was found that the underside shrinkage problem was influenced by the aluminium content of the alloy, melt superheat, casting size and cooling conditions. The strontium and lithium additions were found to be beneficial in reducing the underside shrinkage problem. The ultimate tensile strength, fracture elongation and Vickers hardness were all increased with aluminium concentration and lithium addition. It was found also that the most problematical Zn-27%Al alloy, which provided the highest mechanical properties, was very suitable for the squeeze-casting technique. The mechanical properties were increased sharply in these squeeze-cast bars.     

缓蚀型添加剂对阳极氧化后铝合金耐蚀性的影响

选择海洋用铝合金进行阳极氧化处理,运用电化学极化及交流阻抗技术,结合微观分析,比较阳极氧化后铝合金的耐蚀性。结果表明,所研究的铝合金中主要存在Al-Cu-Mn-Fe-Si-Cr和Al-Mg-Si第二相,Al-Cu-Mn-Fe-Si-Cr相不溶解,在氧化膜中呈突起状态;而Al-Mg-Si相溶解形成孔洞,易受到侵蚀,成为腐蚀源。对于特定的铝合金,阳极氧化电解液中添加Na2MoO4缓蚀剂后,MoO4^2-进入阳极氧化膜,抑制侵蚀性离子的有害作用,提高了铝合金的耐蚀性。     

New filler metals and process for fluxless brazing of aluminium engineering alloys

Abstract

Many high strength aluminium engineering alloys cannot be joined by brazing because they either degrade or melt at the temperature at which commercially available aluminium brazes are used. A brazing process suitable for joining aluminium engineering alloys has been developed employing two novel low melting point brazes. The brazes are available as ductile foil preforms. The process is fluxless and no post-joining cleaning treatments are necessary. The aluminium components and the brazing foil require a simple chemical treatment before use. The brazing process is tolerant and can be satisfactorily implemented by heating to a temperature of 510–550°C, maintained for a period of 5–45 min, in either vacuum or a furnace chamber that is purged continuously with nitrogen gas. The joints exhibit high strength and adequate resistance to corrosion for most applications. Some promising new applications for aluminium brazing technology based on this new process are described.

MST/3183     

Das Verhalten von Aluminium-Werkstoffen in der Hausinstallation

The corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloys . The corrosion behaviour of the aluminium alloys AlMgMn, AlMgSi 0,8 and AlZn 1 was investigated at two temperatures in two natural waters with different contents with and without oxygen. These measurements were performed as well separated as in contact with copper, brass, iron and zinc; the electrode potentials and the galvanic currents were measured and registrated. The results of the metallographic investigations concerning pitting corrosion of the aluminium samples and of the measurements under potentiostatic conditions were summarized in especial corrosion diagrams. Out of these the corrosion risks of the aluminium materials can be seen. The investigated aluminium alloys – except AlZn 1 – showed unpolarized a good corrosion resistance. The best of them was AlMgMn. In contact with iron and copper containing alloys aluminium were polarized in anodic direction depending of the different metals and of oxygen content of the water. The limit of the pitting corrosion has been exceeded at times. In the cold waters zinc polarized the aluminium alloys cathodic. References were given for applications of aluminium building parts in the home installation and it was informed about experiences which corresponds with these results.     

Fundamental Formation Laws of Phase Composition, Structure and Properties of Aluminium Materials Manufactured by Mechanical Alloying

The present investigation objective is to develop the technological process for strengthened aluminium alloys formation of different density based on mechanical alloying. Standard aluminium and magnesium powders were used as initial materials. Lithium was introduced in free state and binded in hydroxide LiOH. Granulated composition with mean particle size 0.2 ... 0.3 mm is the product of mechanical alloying. Thermal treatment of granulated compositions and hot compaction of semiproducts initiate phase transformations which contribute to thermodynamic equilibrium state of the alloys. Alloy base is characterized by micro- or small crystalline structure and presents a solid solution of magnesium and lithium in aluminium strengthened by nanocrystalline inclusions of aluminium oxides, magnesium and aluminium carbides which results in high strength of said alloys at low and high temperatures.     

Effect of hydrogen in aluminium and aluminium alloys: A review

Susceptibility of aluminium and its alloys towards hydrogen embrittlement has been well established. Still a lot of confusion exists on the question of transport of hydrogen and its possible role in stress corrosion cracking. This paper reviews some of the fundamental properties of hydrogen in aluminium and its alloys and its effect on mechanical properties. The importance of hydrogen embrittlement over anodic dissolution to explain the stress corrosion cracking mechanism of these alloys is also examined in considerable detail. The various experimental findings concerning the link between hydrogen embrittlement and stress corrosion cracking are also discussed.     

Thermal stability and decomposition kinetics of Li2Al4CO3(OH)12·3H2O

The thermal stability of lithium containing hydrotalcite, a material that has potential application for providing atmospheric corrosion protection to aluminium alloys, was investigated. Lithium aluminium carbonate hydroxide hydrate (Li₂Al₄CO₃(OH)₁₂·3H₂O) coatings were prepared by immersion of an 1100 aluminium alloy into a lithium carbonate-lithium hydroxide solution, and the bulk material was prepared by precipitation in the same solution. Thermal stability of the coatings and the bulk material existed to around 150 °C. Above this temperature, interlayer water was expelled, followed by loss of structural water and carbon dioxide. The kinetic parameters for interlayer water loss have been determined, and water loss can be described by a Johnson-Mehl-Avrami rate equation.     

铝合金高速船船体建造工艺

简述了ＬＦ１５和ＬＦ１６两种新型船用耐蚀可焊铝合金及其配套焊接材料在实船建造中的应用情况。阐述了铝合金全焊结构船体建造的关键技术及我国铝船体建造的３种方法     

Corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloys in ethanol fuels

In this study, the corrosion behaviour of several aluminium alloys in ethanol fuels was investigated by immersion and polarization tests. The corrosion properties of cast aluminium alloys (Al–17wt%Si–4wt%Cu–Mg, Al–8wt%Si–3wt%Cu, Al–7wt%Si–Mg and Al–17wt%Si–4wt%Cu–Mg with a chemically deposited nickel layer) in ethanol blended gasoline fuels were examined at various ethanol and water contents and various temperatures. Electrochemical and gravimetric measurements revealed a pronounced acceleration of the corrosion process above the boiling point. Additions of water restrain the corrosion. Increasing the ethanol content and the temperature leads to a higher corrosion sensitivity of the aluminium alloys. Furthermore, the nickel layer is very protective in all tested fuels. For aluminium alloys, a theory of the corrosion process in ethanol blended gasoline fuels is proposed.