设备状态的多项式神经网络迭代多步预测法

设备状态趋势预测技术是实现设备预知维护的重要手段。为了实现设备的预知维护,在BP算法和一般多步预测法的基础上,提出设备状态的多项式神经网络迭代多步预测法。方法具有较强泛化能力和较快收敛速度的多项式神经网络,采用迭代法更新样本中的历史数据,逐次训练预测模型进行时间序列预测。将方法应用于某石化企业压缩机振动峰峰值的时间序列预测上,并与一般多步预测法相比,多项式神经网络迭代多步预测法在短期预测中改进效果不大明显,但在中长期预测中则具有更高的预测精度。测试结果证明,多项式神经网络迭代多步预测法能更好地满足工程实际应用需要,为设备预知维护提供了一个新思路。     

求解PageRank的多步幂法修正的广义二级分裂迭代法

本文基于计算PageRank的广义二级分裂迭代算法,提出了多步幂法修正的广义二级分裂迭代方法.首先,我们详细介绍了该算法的计算过程.然后,证明了该算法的收敛性,并讨论了迭代参数的选取.最后,通过数值实验说明该算法具有比广义二级分裂迭代方法更少的计算开销和更快的收敛速度.     

多输出神经元模型的MFNN带正则化因子RLS算法

在神经网络的学习中,将递推最小二乘算法（RLS）与正则化因子相结合,一方面,可以提高网络的泛化能力,另一方面,对学习样本的噪声具有鲁棒性。但是,当网络规模较大时,该算法每迭代一步计算复杂度和存储量要求很大。本文将带正则化因子的RLS算法应用于多输出神经元模型的多层前向神经网络,通过仿真实验,结果表明,本方法可以大大简化网络结构,减小每迭代一步计算的复杂度和存储量。     

射频功率放大器幂级数模型的系统辨识与实现

幂级数模型是描述无记忆功率放大器的一个常用模型,系数辨识是准确建立模型的关键因素。通过对功放非线性等特性的研究,探讨辨识幂级数模型的最小二乘算法与卡尔曼滤波算法,对功放的实际应用具有一定的指导意义。研究了基于最小二乘法与卡尔曼滤波算法的射频功率放大器幂级数模型的参数估计方法,进行了相应的数值仿真实验,结果显示:最小二乘算法具有计算简单与容易实现的优点,而卡尔曼滤波算法计算量大,原理复杂,但当幂级数阶数有限时,随着迭代次数的增加,估算的准确度会更高。     

邻域搜索的粒子群优化算法及其性能分析

粒子群优化算法（PSO）是一种进化计算技术,是一种基于迭代的优化工具。但是,该算法的本身特性决定了算法不趋向于搜索接近极值点的解空间,造成了PSO算法最终解的局部极值性不好;并且,PSO算法需要充分的迭代才能够得到比较好的解,在迭代步数受到限制或者随时可能中途停机的情况下往往不能够得到比较好的解。根据PSO的这些不足,提出了邻域搜索的f-PSO算法,该算法在PSO的迭代步骤中每次更新全局最优解的同时采用一步局部寻优过程。实验表明,该算法具有很强的理论价值,在运算能力不足 、迭代不充分或中途停机的情况下,该算法仍然能够得到比较好的解。     

一种具有普适性的功放线性化预失真方案

为解决功率放大器的非线性问题,提高功放效率,提出了一种能够应用于多种类型功放的间接结构多项式数字基带预失真方案。采取间接预失真结构规避了功放的辨识过程,选择记忆多项式模型作为预失真器能够线性化多种类型的功放,同时采用改进的抑制牛顿算法减少了参数的迭代次数和运算量。以64QAM信号作为输入,对几种典型的功放模型进行数字预失真处理,通过MATLAB仿真分析预失真前后信号的功率谱变化以及ACPR值的改变,表明该方案能够取得比较理想的预失真效果,同时证明了此预失真方案具有一定的普适性。     

星载气象雷达功放非线性对超低副瓣脉冲压缩信号的影响及消除

为在强海面回波影响下测量反射较弱的雨云.星载气象雷达要求脉冲压缩的主副瓣功率比高于60 dB.因此超低副瓣脉冲压缩成为星载气象雷达的核心技术之一.超低副瓣的实现对线性度要求很高.星载雷达为保证发射机的功率和效率,功放多工作于近饱和区,造成副瓣电平恶化.本文分析了功放非线性对超低副瓣脉冲压缩信号的影响,基于射频功率放大器、矢量信号发生仪和矢量信号分析仪实现了功放数字预失真算法,并利用松弛迭代法提高了迭代收敛速度.在保证星载气象雷达超低副瓣的前提下提高了发射机的功效.     

带ε误差限的近似最优控制

近似动态规划方法求解非线性系统最优控制, 需要迭代无限步才能得到最优控制律. 本文提出了一种ε–近似最优控制算法, 选择ε误差限, 通过自适应迭代不断逼近哈密顿– 雅可比– 贝尔曼(HJB)方程的解, 应用神经网络实现在有限步迭代后得到带ε误差限的近似最优控制律. 计算机仿真结果表明了该算法的有效性.     

Approximate optimal control with εerror bound

近似动态规划方法求解非线性系统最优控制,需要迭代无限步才能得到最优控制律．本文提出了一种ε-近似最优控制算法,选择ε误差限,通过自适应迭代不断逼近哈密顿-雅可比-贝尔曼（HJB）方程的解,应用神经网络实现在有限步迭代后得到带ε误差限的近似最优控制律．计算机仿真结果表明了该算法的有效性．     

多矩阵变量线性矩阵方程的广义自反解的迭代算法

基于求线性矩阵方程约束解的修正共轭梯度法的思想方法,通过修改某些矩阵的结构,建立了求特殊类型的多矩阵变量线性矩阵方程的广义自反解的迭代算法,证明了迭代算法的收敛性,解决了给定矩阵在该矩阵方程的广义自反解集合中的最佳逼近计算问题.当矩阵方程相容时,该算法可以在有限步计算后得到其一组广义自反解;选取特殊的初始矩阵,能够求得其极小范数广义自反解.数值算例表明,迭代算法是有效的.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.