改进图割的显著性区域检测算法

为快速准确地提取图像中的显著性区域,提出一种改进图割的显著性区域检测算法。采用改进的图割算法对图像进行预分割,将图像分成若干子区域,在此基础上利用区域间对比度计算各区域的显著性值,得到图像的显著图,利用迭代阈值分割算法对图像显著图进行分割处理,通过图像去噪完整有效地提取出显著性区域。实验结果表明,该算法能够准确地提取出图像中的显著性区域,与传统方法相比,使用该算法提取出的显著性区域更完整、准确,提高了效率。     

一种改进的基于分水岭的图像分割算法

针对分水岭算法过分割现象,提出一种综合分水岭算法、中值过滤算法和归一化割算法的改进算法;该算法首先应用改进型的中值过滤算法对图像进行适当的除噪;然后通过分水岭变换对图像进行了初步分割,最后使用归一化割算法进行图像精度分割;算法集合了分水岭算法、中值过滤算法及归一化割算法的优点,既较好地解决了分水岭算法中过度分割的问题,又降低了归一化割算法的时间复杂度;实验结果表明该算法是一种切实可行的图像分割方法。     

基于切缝对齐和变形校正的缝切割图像尺寸调整算法

针对图像尺寸调整的缝切割方法中存在的结构断裂和变形扭曲等问题,提出了一种基于切缝对齐和变形校正的切缝优化算法以获得更好的图像尺寸缩放效果.算法首先利用基于图割的切缝优化方法获得当前需要移除的一条切缝,然后采取动态规划算法,由粗到细地优化得到切缝上下像素之间的高精度匹配对应关系,最后通过逆向映射来对图像进行变形以校正发生扭曲甚至断裂的结构信息.实验结果表明,该方法能够很好地弥补缝切割所产生的扭曲变形,达到结构连续的视觉效果.基于切缝对齐和变形校正的切缝优化算法可用于调整图像尺寸使之与相应的显示设备相符,具有巨大的应用潜力.     

基于主体区域保持的图像缩放算法

基于插值运算的缩放算法和经典的缝裁剪算法是两种常用的图像缩放算法,传统的 缩放算法在缩放比例不一致的情况下其效果不佳,而缝裁剪算法在主体区域较大或者图像背景较 为复杂时对图像的主体区域会造成一定破坏。针对以上问题,提出了一种基于主体区域保持的图 像缩放算法,使用高斯差分对图像进行角点检测,利用角点产生凸包,根据凸包对图像进行主体 区域检测,计算能量图并对位于主体区域像素点的能量给予相应的权重,根据权重的不同对主体 区域进行不同程度的保护。实验结果表明,该算法能更好地保持图像主体区域。     

快速缝翘曲图像重定向算法

针对现有适用于小型显示设备的图像重定向算法焦点区域检测不精确、算法处理速度慢的问题,提出一种快速缝翘曲(FSW)图像重定向算法。建立一个与人类感知更加相关的自适应能量图,该能量图合并梯度幅度、深度图、显著性、面部、边缘和直线检测;提出一种利用行(列)像素之间最优匹配关系快速寻找最优高能量缝的方案实现快速、精确的焦点区域检测;通过给焦点和非焦点区域设置缩放因子以及使用线性插值方法,有效实现快速缝翘曲图像重定向。实验结果表明,该算法可更好保留复杂图像的重要内容及结构信息,其处理速度相较于其它算法也有明显提升。     

MATLAB图像处理技术在针织物疵点检测中的应用

介绍了使用MATLAB的图像处理工具箱,先对扫描的织物图像进行预处理,以检测传统的织物疵点。对多种疵点检测算法进行了分析和比较,将织造过程中产生的对劈缝、浆斑、断经等3类最常见疵点成功地进行了检测识别。     

基于图割的单幅图像影子检测

为了准确检测单幅图像中的影子, 提出一种基于图割的影子检测方法. 首先,使用均值漂移将原始图像分割为若干区域并记录区域之间的边界. 其次,利用支持向量机分类器分别获得分割图像中的候选影子边界和候选影子非影子区域对. 然后,利用候选影子边界两侧的区域信息及候选影子非影子区域对信息构造一个能量函数, 该能量函数反映了将图像中一部分区域划分为影子区域而另一部分区域划分为非影子区域时所需的代价. 再次,结合该能量函数构造出无向图,并证明所构造的无向图的最小割对应能量函数的最小值. 最后,通过图割算法求解该能量函数得到最终的影子检测结果. 实验结果表明,与现有代表最新进展的单幅图像影子检测方法相比,所提方法提高了影子检测结果的准确性和连续性.     

一种消除图像拼接缝和鬼影的快速拼接算法

由于提取SIFT特征进行图像拼接的算法复杂度较高且不能很好地处理拼接缝和鬼影等问题,提出了一种消除拼接缝和鬼影的快速图像拼接算法.该算法首先划定提取SIFT特征的范围,计算出匹配特征点后使用RANSAC算法求取两幅图像间的坐标变换关系矩阵H,然后结合最佳缝合线算法和改进的加权平均融合算法实现无缝拼接.实验结果表明,提出的算法不仅有效地消除了拼接缝和鬼影,也提高了图像拼接的效率.     

结合区域生长与图割算法的冠状动脉CT血管造影图像三维分割

针对图割算法适用于小幅图像,且在分割结构较复杂、感兴趣区域较小的三维CT血管造影(CTA)冠状动脉图像时效率较低的问题,实现了将区域生长和图割结合分割冠状动脉的算法.首先,利用基于阈值的区域生长算法将图像划分为若干区域,去除无关像素,得到结构简化、感兴趣区域较突出的图像;其次,对简化后的图像,结合灰度和空间信息构造网络图;最后,利用图割理论实现网络图分割,得到冠状动脉分割图像.实验结果表明,与传统的图割方法相比: 在分割效率上,区域生长和图割结合的分割算法降低了计算复杂度,效率提高了51.7%; 在绘制质量上,得到的冠状动脉分割图像目标区域完整,有助于医师对病变的正确分析.     

基于图割的JPEG图像快速分割算法

基于图割理论的GrabCut算法由于使用所有像素来迭代估计高斯混合模型(GMM)参数,算法效率较低。针对该问题,提出一种基于图割的JPEG图像快速分割算法。以GrabCut算法为基础,对JPEG图像中DC系数构成的低频图像进行迭代分割,估计GMM参数以减少训练样本的数目。实验结果表明,该算法能在保证分割精度的前提下缩短高分辨率JPEG图像的分割时间。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.