一种反映横向剪应力分布的层合板模型

本文提出一种新的三阶位移模型.在这个模型中,位移连续,而横向剪应力沿板厚成抛物线分布,从而完全满足了层间连续的条件,反映了横向剪应力的变化.一类准确解的例子表明,它比文献[3,4]中的三阶模型具有更高的位移和应力精度.      

非均质混杂叠层梁的分层剪切理论

本文研究了正交各向异性混杂叠层梁的应力与变形计算.叠层梁是由几层弹性性质明显不同的非均质子层梁组成.对每一子层梁应用剪切理论,并假设相邻子层梁的交界面是理想连接.文中导出了关于子层梁剪切转角ψ_i的二阶常微分方程组.求解微分方程组可得到叠层梁应力与位移关于剪切转角的ψ_i解析表达式.叠层梁组分材料中任一点应力可按有效模量理论和整体——局部方法[3]求得.     

双层横观各向同性圆柱壳体的弹性理论解

本文是在文献[10]的基础上,进一步分析了双层横观各向同性圆柱壳体在承受轴对称分布载荷时的三维弹性理论解。文中假定壳体的两端为简单支承,研究了壳体的物理参数与几何参数对层间应力分布的影响。本文还给出了双层横观各向同性圆柱壳体在有横向均布压力与轴向等应变(ε₀)拉伸同时作用下的数值计算结果。     

[±θ/902]碳/环氧层板横向裂缝与分层的测试及分析

本工作对[±θ/90₂]_S和[0_n/90₂]_S两系列碳/环氧层板在拉仲载荷下的横向裂缝与分层损伤,进行了实验研究和有限元分析.采用声发射技术跟踪配合显微观测多向层板损伤过程,分析了θ角变化与力学性能、初始损伤、累积等的关系.表明实测横向开裂与分层结果和采用能量判据有限元计算预测比较,符合良好.同时在扫描电镜内进行各类层板压缩试验,动态观测破坏形貌,讨论了不同θ铺层角的微观破坏机理.     

纤维增强复合材料层合板分层破坏的研究

本文对纤维增强复合材料层合板的分层破坏进行了大量的试验,同时用三维有限元进行应力分析。试验和分析结果表明此类层合板的分层总是发生在θ/90界面上,该界面上不仅层间剪应力大而且层间正应力也大。通过对不同θ/90界面的临界能量释放率的测定表明,对层合板不同的θ/90分层界面的G_ⅠC和G_ⅡC是随θ角的变化而变化。文中对一个Ⅰ型,Ⅱ型耦合型能量释放率分层判据的应用作了改进,试验结果表明此改进是有效的。     

复合材料夹层壳振动分析的高阶剪切变形理论

本文提出了计及复合材料面板横向剪切变形的夹层壳高阶位移模式,该模式满足夹层壳上、下表面剪应力为零的条件,并以此推导出夹层壳自由振动的有限元方程,讨论了夹层壳的夹芯及面板的阻尼特性,给出阻尼矩阵的形成方式,将数值计算与实验结果进行了对比,最后给出了阻尼比Ψ随夹芯厚度h_c、剪切模量G和阻尼损耗因子β的变化曲线.     

复合材料层板损伤过程的刚度分析

本文对典型铺设的[0₂/±45₂/90₂]_s碳/环氧复合材料层板中的典型损伤状态进行了实验观察,测定出损伤对层板刚度引起的下降率.建立了横向裂纹扩展、分层伴以横向裂纹扩展的三维有限元分析模型,计算出对层板刚度引起的下降率,并与实验值进行了比较.结果表明,横向裂纹和分层是层板的主要损伤型式,分层损伤扩展是一个主导性的稳定的损伤扩展过程,是导致刚度下降的主要因素.     

碳纤维增强明胶(C/Gel)生物复合材料的溶胀动力学研究

分别采用溶液交联和蒸汽交联法制备了C_L/Gel复合材料,溶液交联C_L/Gel复合材料的溶胀行为可用二次速率方程描述,但不满足Fick定律;蒸汽交联C_L/Gel复合材料的溶胀既不能用二次速率方程表达,也不满足Fick定律,其溶胀度低于前者。虽然溶液交联C_S/Gel复合材料的溶胀与溶液交联C_L/Gel复合材料遵循同样的规律,但C_S/Gel复合材料的平衡溶胀度W_∞和溶胀速率K_∞均小于相应的C_L/Gel复合材料。结果表明,纤维形式和含量对C/Gel生物复合材料的溶胀性能有较大的影响,笔者对其影响机制进行了初步探讨。     

复合材料层板+θ/-θ层间断裂韧性研究

本文讨论了纤维增强复合材料层板沿+θ/-θ层间断裂韧性的研究方法;提出在满足一定力学条件时,可沿用机械载荷实验方法测得G_C中“纯机械部分”G_m;结合数值方法计算得出“纯温度部分”G_T,从而得到G_C.给出一个针对DCB试验的充分条件,据此设计铺层并对T300/648和T300/QY8911进行试验和分析(θ=0～30°)、讨论了大变形的影响并提出一个新的修正系数.结合θ对G_C的影响及断口微观形貌作了进一步讨论.     

三维编织碳纤维/环氧复合材料的吸湿特性及外应力的影响

采用真空浸渍法制备了三维编织碳纤维增强环氧树脂(C_3D/ER)复合材料,研究了该复合材料的吸湿特性及外应力的影响。讨论了应力对C_3D/ER复合材料吸湿行为的作用机理。 结果表明,与环氧树脂不同,C_3D/ER复合材料的吸湿行为不能用Fick第二定律描述。外应力可加速吸湿初期复合材料的吸水和力学性能的下降,但可降低复合材料平衡吸湿量和最终力学性能的下降幅度。分析表明,吸湿过程中C_3D/ER复合材料力学性能的高低取决于其吸湿量的大小。     

层板弯曲与振动的近似分析

横向剪切变形对复合材料层合板弯曲与振动的影响甚大。在本文的近似分析中,假定板在弯曲时横向位移沿整个板厚为常量。横向剪切应变沿各层厚度方向也分别为常量,但各层不同。文中以特殊正交各向异性层合板为例,采用两种不同的方法建立了各层剪切应变间的关系,推演了层合板横向弯曲与振动的微分方程组及边界条件。算例表明,即使层合板的跨——厚比很小,用本文两种分析方案计算位移、应力及固有频率,都仍具有较高的精度。      

Prediction for progression of transverse cracking in CFRP cross-ply laminates using Monte Carlo method

This study predicted transverse cracking progression in laminates including 90° plies. The refined stress field (RSF) model, which takes into account thermal residual strain for plies including transverse cracks is formulated, and the energy release rate associated with transverse cracking is calculated using this model. For comparison, the energy release rate based on the continuum damage mechanics (CDM) model is formulated. Next, transverse cracking progression in CFRP cross-ply laminates including 90° plies is predicted based on both stress and energy criteria using the Monte Carlo method. The results indicated that the RSF model and the CDM model proposed in this study can predict the experiment results for the relationship between transverse crack density and ply strain in 90° ply. The models presented in this paper can be applied to an arbitrary laminate including 90° plies.     

CALL混杂复合材料的弯曲试验研究

本文用高灵敏度云纹干涉法对CALL混杂复合材料在纤维方向和垂直于纤维方向的弯曲及破坏特性进行了实验研究,得到了弯曲试件横截面上的剪应变分布规律及破坏形式。实验结果表明:碳纤维/环氧树脂层的剪应变明显大于铝层的剪应变,但各自沿截面呈抛物线分布。纤维方向弯曲试件的破坏形式是分层或碳纤维/环氧树脂层剪切破坏;垂直于纤维方向弯曲试件的破坏由受拉面碳纤维/环氧树脂层的拉伸破坏所致。本文工作为进一步深入研究CALL材料的力学性能提供了重要的实验依据。     

复合材料夹杂双层粘弹性材料的应变能和阻尼性能分析

分析了复合材料夹杂双层粘弹性阻尼材料组成的对称夹层板的线性弯曲,其中夹杂的粘弹性阻尼材料作为各向同性材料处理。既考虑面内应变能又考虑横向切应力应变能,用Ritz法研究各应力分量的应变能。以四边夹紧为边界条件的方板为例,计算并分析了复合材料层和粘弹性层的应变能以及复合结构的损耗因子。结果表明:复合材料层中的面内应变能占主要地位;粘弹性层中的xz方向和yz方向的切应力应变能较大;芯层的应变能很小。     

Generalized theoretical analysis method for free-edge delaminations in composite laminates

A simplified method for determining the individual mode components of the strain energy release rate of free-edge delaminations in composite laminates is proposed. Interlaminar stresses are evaluated as an interface moment and interface shear forces obtained from equilibrium equations of stress resultants at the interface between the adjacent layers. The deformation of edge-delaminated laminate is calculated by using a generalized quasi-three dimensional classical laminated plate theory developed by the authors. The analysis provides closed-form expressions for the Mode-I, Mode-II and Mode-III component of the strain energy release rate by combining the deformation of the edge-delaminated laminate with the interface moment and the interface shear forces. The presented method is compared with existing method suggested by Li for the asymmetry laminate. Comparison of the results with a finite element analysis using the virtual crack closure technique shows good agreement.     

A concept for the generation of out-of-plane distortion from tailored FRP laminates

The phenomenon of thermally induced distortions in unsymmetrical laminates is well understood, and it may be shown that a square, unsymmetrical 0.90 laminate will tend to form two stable geometries with a snap-through phenomenon between them. This paper discusses laminates in which at each point the lay-up is symmetrical across the laminate mid-plane, but which still exhibit multiple stable geometries. The number of stable geometries can be controlled by the details of the lay-up from the minimum of two to, in principle, an unlimited number. In addition it will be shown how a similar process can be used to generate multiple stable stress states and geometries in unidirectional laminates. This paper represents a very preliminary experimental investigation of the design space available for such composite laminates. Possible applications of composites with multiple stable geometries are noted.     

含冲击损伤复合材料层压板压缩破坏机制试验研究

为了研究含冲击损伤复合材料层压板的压缩破坏机制, 通过前后表面超声C扫描获得分层损伤在层压板内的分布情况, 使用应变片获取层压板两面的应变场, 采用声发射观察层压板压缩破坏过程。研究发现: 冲击分层损伤在厚度方向上的非对称分布引起层压板内部出现严重的应力集中, 致使纤维断裂并最终导致层压板整体破坏; 导致含冲击损伤层压板压缩破坏的主要原因为纤维断裂而非分层扩展。     

基于纤维束增强树脂基复合材料测试的单向层合板层间剪切性能的预估方法

纤维束增强树脂基复合材料（FBC）及其单向层合板在标准Iosipescu剪切实验中表现出非常相似的破坏特征,然而测量得到的剪切强度却有明显差异。本文使用两种碳纤维和两种环氧树脂制备了3种FBC和单向层合板,对FBC剪切强度和单向层合板层间剪切强度进行了测量与分析。应用界面单元方法分析了纤维束与基体之间的界面应力场,发现FBC剪切试件中纤维束/基体界面附近的应力状态为拉剪耦合,而单向层合板中界面处于纯剪切应力状态,这一差异导致FBC剪切实验测量的强度低于单向层合板的剪切强度。本文基于Yamada-Sun强度理论建立了FBC剪切强度与单向层合板剪切强度之间的关系模型,应用该模型预测的单向层合板剪切强度与实测强度之间达到良好的一致性,相对偏差为10%左右。根据本文提出的方法,通过制样较简单的FBC试验能够预测和评估相应单向层合板的层间剪切性能。     

Semi-analytical model based on generalized plane strain assumption for unidirectional composites with matrix micro cracks

Generalized plane strain state is assumed and stress-based finite strip method is formulated for analysis of unidirectional laminates with matrix microcracks. Total complementary potential energy is minimized and fourth-order Euler Lagrange governing equations are presented. This stress-based generalized plane strain approach analyzes general layup and loading conditions. It provides flexibility to control the number of finite strip nodal lines within each lamina; hence, stress behavior can be predicted across each lamina at the desired location of the structure. Along with all of the capabilities which are common with finite strip methodology based on plane strain assumption, this current work has extended the analysis of the cracked laminate. For example, by incorporating behavior of the out of the plane shear stress, boundary conditions including natural boundary conditions are imposed appropriately to solve governing Euler's equations. Results are compared with previously developed displacement-based formulation in the literature for cracked laminates. It has already been shown that a stress-based plane strain approach enhances variation-based cracked laminate analysis where only the case of cross-ply laminate under tension is considered. This current work applies generalized plane strain-based finite strip methodology to carry out analysis under different loading conditions.     

基于纤维束/环氧树脂复合材料试验的单向层合板横向拉伸强度预测方法

实验研究表明,纤维束/环氧树脂复合材料试件的横向拉伸强度与工程上常用的单向层合板横向拉伸强度在趋势上具有很好的相关性,但是数值上存在一定差距。本文使用两种碳纤维和两种环氧树脂制备了三种纤维束/环氧树脂复合材料和单向层合板,并分别测量了纤维束/环氧树脂复合材料和单向层合板的横向拉伸强度,以及环氧基体的拉伸强度。在实验基础上,应用Griffith断裂强度理论建立了纤维束/环氧树脂复合材料和单向层合板的横向拉伸强度的关系模型,通过两种复合材料实验的结果拟合了该模型中的参数。利用第三种复合材料实验进行校验,发现该模型预测的单向层合板横向拉伸强度与实测强度之间达到很好的一致性,相对偏差为9%。采用本文提出的方法,可以用较为简单的纤维束/环氧树脂复合材料和环氧基体拉伸试验预测单向层合板的横向拉伸强度。