机械合金化对W-20Cu复合材料的显微组织与性能的影响

采用机械合金化结合粉末冶金技术制备W-20Cu(vol%)复合材料.利用扫描电镜和金相显微镜对不同球磨时间的W-20Cu复合材料显微组织进行表征,并对材料的各项物理性能进行测试.结果表明,随着球磨时间的延长,W-20Cu烧结体的组织越来越均匀,Cu相分布也越来越均匀.W-20Cu烧结体密度、收缩率、硬度、抗弯强度随球磨时间的延长而增大;球磨20h的W-20Cu复合粉烧结体热导率达到峰值(130.61 Wm-1K-1),继续球磨,热导率减小.综合考虑所有研究结果,通过机械合金化所制备的W-Cu复合粉体可以获得具有优异综合物理性能的W-20Cu复合材料.     

Structure and Properties of W-Cu/AlN Composites Prepared via a Hot Press-Sintering Method

采用高能球磨技术制备W-30%Cu（质量分数）纳米晶粉体,再通过球磨混粉的方法添加不同质量分数的纳米AlN颗粒,然后采用热压烧结法得到W-30Cu/x%AlN复合材料。研究并比较了纳米AIN的加入对材料组织结构、物理以及力学性能的影响。结果表明,W-30Cu/x%AlN复合材料都有较致密和均匀的组织结构,AlN的添加,细化了烧结体中W颗粒;纳米AlN颗粒的添加提高了复合材料的硬度,但是随着A1N纳米颗粒含量的增加,基体晶界上的增强相颗粒分布过多,而使材料的抗弯强度有所下降;少量纳米AlN颗粒(≤1%)的添加有利于W-Cu复合材料的热导率提高,随AIN添加量的增加,复合材料的电阻率升高,电导率下降。     

高能球磨法制备钨铜复合材料研究

用机械搅拌及高能球磨法制备W-15wt%Cu复合粉,对其预压成型后采用两步烧结。用X射线衍射对比分析了球磨后钨铜复合粉与原始钨、铜粉的衍射峰变化,用扫描电子显微镜对所制备的复合粉及烧结钨铜复合材料进行了组织形貌观察,并测定了烧结复合材料的相对密度。结果显示球磨钨铜复合粉的晶粒尺寸得到细化,且有不饱和固溶体产生,其烧结合金组织均匀,相对密度增大。     

热压烧结法制备W-Cu/AlN复合材料的组织与性能研究（英文）

采用高能球磨技术制备W-30%Cu(质量分数)纳米晶粉体,再通过球磨混粉的方法添加不同质量分数的纳米AlN颗粒,然后采用热压烧结法得到W-30Cu/x%AlN复合材料。研究并比较了纳米AlN的加入对材料组织结构、物理以及力学性能的影响。结果表明,W-30Cu/x%AlN复合材料都有较致密和均匀的组织结构,AlN的添加,细化了烧结体中W颗粒;纳米AlN颗粒的添加提高了复合材料的硬度,但是随着AlN纳米颗粒含量的增加,基体晶界上的增强相颗粒分布过多,而使材料的抗弯强度有所下降;少量纳米AlN颗粒(≤1%)的添加有利于W-Cu复合材料的热导率提高,随AlN添加量的增加,复合材料的电阻率升高,电导率下降。     

机械合金化法制备Cu基复合材料的工艺与性能研究

采用机械合金化法制备了Cu基复合材料,研究了球磨时间、压制压强、烧结温度和烧结时间对复合材料粉末粒度、抗弯强度和电阻系数的影响。结果表明,Cu基复合材料的最佳制备工艺为:球磨时间40 h,压制压强400 MPa,烧结温度900℃和烧结时间为2.5 h,此时Cu基复合材料可以取得最佳的抗弯强度和电阻系数。     

二次烧结制备W-15wt％Cu复合材料

将W-15wt%Cu混合粉末在行星式高能球磨机上进行机械合金化(MA),球磨60 h后复合粉末中弥散均匀分布的钨晶粒平均尺寸达到39.7 nm.对此纳米复合粉末采用二次烧结和一次烧结两种工艺进行烧结.结果表明,相对于一次烧结工艺,采用二次烧结工艺制备出的烧结体的致密度显著提高,达到98.84%,且W、Cu两相分布更均匀,孔隙率更低.     

机械合金化对W-Ti合金组织与性能的影响

以乙醇为过程控制剂,采用机械球磨方法制备W-10%Ti(质量分数)、W-10%TiH2纳米晶W-Ti粉末,晶粒粒径为30～80 nm,粉体经压制后在1 823 K保温烧结80 min得到W-Ti合金.利用X射线衍射、透射电镜和扫描电镜等于段,研究球磨时间对两种粉未及其烧结试样的相组成和微观组织的影响;测量烧结试样的密度和显微硬度.结果表明:机械合金化能够降低烧结温度,提高烧结体的密度,组织均匀且晶粒细小;利用W-TiH2球磨粉制备的W-Ti合金与W-Ti粉相比密度较高且晶粒细小.     

Cu包覆Ti_2AlC复合粉体及其增强铝基复合材料的制备

采用机械合金化的方法,以Cu和Ti_2AlC粉作为原料,制备了Cu包覆Ti_2AlC复合颗粒。研究了Cu、Ti_2AlC体积比和球磨时间对包覆效果的影响,并将包覆颗粒与Al粉混合后采取干压成型、无压气氛保护烧结的方法制备了Cu包覆Ti_2AlC增强铝基复合材料。实验结果表明,Cu体积含量为30%,球磨时间为10 h时,能制备出包覆效果良好的复合颗粒;球磨的高能量使Cu和Ti_2AlC在垂直于Ti_2AlC c轴方向发生机械合金化,从而使得Cu的包覆较为牢固;Cu包覆Ti_2AlC增强铝基复合材料的烧结产物主要为Ti_3AlC2、Al、Al_2Cu、Al_3Ti和Al_2O_3,其复合材料较为致密,增强颗粒分布较为弥散。     

球磨时间对石墨烯/铜材料组织和性能的影响

采用机械球磨湿磨方法在不同球磨时间下将0.5wt%石墨烯与纳米铜粉混合,然后通过等离子烧结（SPS）方法制备石墨烯/铜（G/Cu）复合材料。利用SEM、XRD等对球磨过程中复合颗粒形貌及其组织结构变化规律进行分析,发现当球磨时间的延长至8h,石墨烯在铜基体中有更好的结合和分布,性能改善相对最佳,G/Cu的拉伸屈服强度为183MPa,较纯铜提高52.5%;压缩屈服强度也由纯铜的150MPa提高到了365MPa,提升近1.4倍;均值硬度也提高到了135HV,导电率IACS达到了66.5%,综合性能得到明显提高。     

机械合金化对Fe-Cu-Al热压烧结的影响

本文利用XRD、SEM、DSC等手段研究了Fe-Cu-Al粉末体系机械合金化(MA)过程金属粉体的结构变化及储能情况.将机械合金化处理后的粉末进行热压烧结,并对烧结体进行了金相组织、硬度和抗折强度分析.结果表明,Fe-Cu-Al经MA处理能够形成二元及三元固溶体,粉体粒度和晶粒度明显细化,粉体内储存了大量的表面能和界面能.球磨20 h晶粒度达到稳定值20 nm,粉体储能达到最大值385.1 J/g,球磨30 h粉体粒度达到稳定状态.随着球磨时间的延长,粉末烧结体的成分趋于均匀,组织不断细化.粉末烧结体的硬度在球磨初期显著提高,超过10 h后硬度提高缓慢,而烧结体的抗折强度随着球磨时间的延长几乎成线性增长.球磨50 h粉末烧结体的洛氏硬度和抗折强度分别达到108 HRB和351 MPa.     

机械球磨对热挤压W-40Cu材料组织和性能的影响

通过对W-40cu(质量分数,%,下同)混合粉末经不同时间机械球磨后进行热挤压,获得了、W-40Cu合金.研究了机械球磨对热挤压坯料组织和性能的影响.结果表明,长时间的机械球磨对热挤压坯料组织和性能产生了不利的影响,坯料内部钨相尺寸随着球磨时间的延长而出现了明显的大小不均,同时材料的相对密度和电导率随着球磨时间的延长逐渐降低,硬度值稍有升高.     

复合稀土氧化物掺杂W-20Cu复合材料的制备及组织性能研究

以偏钨酸铵和硝酸铜为原料,采用EDTA-柠檬酸法制备了含有0~0.8wt.%稀土氧化物( Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9, SDC)的W-20Cu复合粉体,所制备的复合粉体经压制成型、1250°C烧结2h后获得SDC/W-20Cu复合材料烧结体。对所制备复合粉体进行物相、形貌的表征;研究稀土氧化物的添加对SDC/W-20Cu烧结体的密度、组织结构和物理力学性能的影响。实验结果表明：所制备的W-Cu复合粉体平均粒度为100~200nm;同时,SDC的添加对烧结体的密度和电导率会有轻微的影响,但能够抑制晶粒的长大并明显改善烧结体的力学性能。经1250°C烧结后,SDC/W-20Cu烧结体的相对密度均高于97%;当SDC的添加量为0.6%时,具有最大的抗弯强度和显微硬度,分别是1128MPa和258HV;此外,在室温和600°C的测试条件下,其最大的抗拉强度可以达到580MPa和258MPa。     

Cu-Cr-Zr复合粉末机械合金化研究

以Cu、Cr和Zr粉末为原料,采用机械合金化制备了Cu-90%Cr2Zr复合粉末。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了机械合金化过程中粉末的物相和微观形貌。结果表明:Cu-Cr-Zr粉末可通过机械合金化获得过饱和固溶体;在一定的球磨时间内,随球磨的进行,Cu-Cr-Zr粉末晶粒细化至纳米尺寸,晶格常数增加,晶格畸变降低,粉末形貌呈片状;但进一步球磨会导致铬的晶格常数降低,导致畸变增加,使得粉末变得不规则及颗粒大小不均。     

稀土La对Al2O3/Cu复合材料组织与性能的影响

利用机械合金化法结合放电等离子烧结制备Al2O3/Cu铜基复合材料,采用XRD、SEM、硬度、抗拉强度和电导率等测试研究La含量对Al2O3/Cu复合粉末和烧结材料组织及性能的影响。结果表明:添加0.05%的稀土La有利于机械合金化过程中Cu晶粒的细化和Al2O3颗粒的弥散分布,从而提高烧结材料的显微硬度和抗拉强度。烧结材料的导电率随着La含量的增加先升后降,当La的质量分数为0.10%时,Al2O3/Cu复合材料的导电率提高11.3%IACS。     

Effect of weight percentage and particle size of B4C reinforcement on physical and mechanical properties of powder metallurgy Al2024-B4C composites

In this study, Al2024-B₄C composites containing 0, 5, 10 and 20 wt% of B₄C particles with two different particle sizes (d₅₀=49 μm and d₅₀=5 μm) as reinforcement material were produced by a mechanical alloying method. Two new particle distribution models based on the size of reinforcement materials was developed. The microstructure of the Al2024-B₄C composites was investigated using a scanning electron microscope. The effects of reinforcement particle size and weight percentage (wt%) on the physical and mechanical properties of the Al2024-B₄C composites were determined by measuring the density, hardness and tensile strength values. The results showed that more homogenous dispersion of B₄C powders was obtained in the Al2024 matrix using the mechanical alloying technique according to the conventional powder metallurgy method. Measurement of the density and hardness properties of the composites showed that density values decreased and hardness values increased with an increase in the weight fraction of reinforcement. Moreover, it was found that the effect of reinforcement size and reinforcement content (wt%) on the homogeneous distribution of B₄C particles is as important as the effect of milling time.     

Characteristics of mechanical alloyed Ni-Al powder for sintering

Mechanical alloying was employed to obtain high-activity Ni-AI powder. The effects of mechanical alloying on the microstructure and characteristics of milled powder with a normal composition of Ni-22.89 at.% AI-0.5 at.% B were investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The results show that a solution Ni （AI） was obtained after milling. During mechanical alloying, the milled powder obtains extra surface energy and crystalline energy because the crystallite size becomes free and the lattice strain increases with the milling time prolonging. Furthermore, about 0.5 mol% oxide in the particles were formed after milling, and this kind of dis- persed oxide is effective to improve the properties of the sintered alloy by dispersion strengthening. It is confirmed that Ni3AI alloy with outstanding properties has been prepared with mechanical alloyed powders.     

Effect of Ball Milling on the Defeat of Few-Layer Graphene and Properties of Copper Matrix Composites

Graphene-reinforced copper composites recently have attracted more attention, since they exhibited excellent mechanical properties and could be used widely in many fields. Few-layer graphene （FLG） and copper powder were mixed by ball milling to produce homogeneous composite powders. Then, FLG-reinforced copper composites （FLG/Cu） were fabricated by spark plasma sintering （SPS） using the composite powders with a FLG volume fraction of 2.4 vol%. The effects of the rotating speed and the time of ball milling were analyzed based on the microstructure evolution and properties of the FLG/Cu composites. Obvious strengthening effect of FLG was found for the composites, and the conductance of the composite reaches 70.4% of IACS. The yield strength of the composite produced by ball milling at a speed of 100 r/rain for 4 h is 376 MPa, which is 2.5 times higher than that of copper and higher than that of copper composite enhanced by 5 vol% CNTs （360 MPa）. The defects produced in FLG with the increase of rotating speed and time could reduce the mechanical and conductive properties of the composites.     

Effect of heat-treatment on the nanostructural change of W-Cu powder prepared by mechanical alloying

W-30wt.%Cu powder prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) was annealed at various temperatures to investigate the structural change of MA W-Cu powder. From differential scanning calorimeter analysis and transmission electron microscope observation, it was revealed that the recovery of W in MA W-30wt.%Cu powder occurred at 700°C and the W grain started growing also at this temperature. The W grain had grown significantly after annealing at 900°C, and the Cu phase in the MA powder was found to act as liquid melt near 900°C. The microstructure of the sintered specimen was similar to that of the W-Cu alloy via liquid phase sintering. This microstructure, even at temperatures below Cu melting, was the new feature observed in the MA W-Cu powder. This suggests that such a microstructure is closely related to the inherent high diffusivity of the nanosized W crystallites as well as the liquid-like behavior of the Cu phase.     

纳米Mg—Ni合金吸／放氢过程的热力学性能研究

采用机械合金化法制备了Mg-Ni合金粉末。用XRD及SEM等手段分析表征了球磨过程中的相和微观结构变化，测定了纳米Mg-Ni合金吸／放氢过程的热力学性能。结果表明，Mg-Ni合金粉末的尺寸在10nm-20nm之间；P-C等温线存在明显的坪曲线，坪宽较长。纳米Mg-Ni合金有较好的储氢性能，具有很好的工程应用价值。     

Cu-15wt%Cr复合粉末机械合金化及稀土掺杂研究

以Cu、Cr和稀土粉末为原料,采用机械合金化法制备Cu-15wt%Cr和Cu-15wt%Cr-RE复合粉末.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜研究了球磨过程粉末的显微组织结构,测量不同球磨时间粉末的显微硬度.结果表明:随着球磨时间的延长,Cr在Cu中的固溶度显著提高,晶粒不断细化和微应变增加,导致粉末微观硬度的提高.在球磨过程中添加一定量的稀土可以促进机械合金化效果.