加快钢铁行业工程设计单位白图替代蓝图的步伐

论述了白图替代蓝图和硫酸图的重要性和可行性，对当前使用的文印设备和现代文印设备的工艺流程从经济和技术上进行了对比分析，同时对加快钢铁行业工程设计单位白图替代蓝图步伐的紧迫性发表自己的见解。     

带式输送机施工图CAD系统的设计与实现

在带式输送机施工图ＣＡＤ系统的设计与实现中,采用专家系统知识与ＣＡＤ技术相结合实现了带式送机施工图设计的智能化。该系统目前已在鞍钢、天津第三煤气厂、宝钢、武钢等８０多项电力及焦化工程的设计中得到应用,可提高工效１５倍左右,节约了人力和时间,同时也保证了设计质量。     

冷弯成型数值模拟与孔型CAD集成系统

建立了冷弯成型有限条数值模拟与孔型CAD集成系统,以轧辊孔型CAD设计的结果作为数值模拟系统的初始参数,由数值模拟系统分析成型过程,将位移、应变和应力等分析结果反馈到孔型CAD系统,修改初始孔型设计,绘制轧辊图。以槽钢为例,进行了孔型设计、成型过程数值模拟以及轧辊设计,分析结果与实际生产相结合,轧辊图被工厂所采用。     

型材挤压平模CAD软件系统

根据模具设计的特点和要求,利用计算机进行辅助设计,在微型计算机上建立了计算机辅助挤压型材平模设计系统。结合设计者的经验和计算机强大的计算功能,设计过程可在图形显示器上通过人机对话完成。然后通过Auto CAD绘图软件包在绘图仪上自动绘制出带有尺寸标注的模具图。可大大缩短设计周期,提高设计质量。本系统软件由九个模块组成,结构清晰,易于交流和维护。本文详细介绍了软件系统的结构,特点和各模块的功能。     

基于Web方式的马钢供应商管理系统

为了对大宗原燃料供应商进行综合评价分析,使采购人员高效、准确完成日常业务,马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司开发了基于Web方式的马钢供应商管理系统。系统采用面向对象的设计思想,基于模型-视图-控制器模式的系统架构,依托于J2EE的技术平台,实现了对供应商的信息管理和准入审批,结合ERP系统中的供应商交货信息、质量信息等,建立并健全了供应商评价体系,达到了对供应商科学分级评价的目的,从而为采购管理系统的建立奠定了基础。系统于2010年在马钢国贸公司实施以来,供应商信息管理水平和采购质量明显提升。     

Concerns with Safety in Design∕Build Process

Since the time architecture and construction were separated from a master-builder concept, the issue of construction safety has plagued the architect, owner, and contractor relationship. What should be a process to ensure the adequate completion of a project often becomes a struggle between all parties involved. The construction process has become a haven for litigation, with owners routinely shopping for the cheapest designer. This designer is often the one who becomes the “low bidder” by shorting the design services, such as coordination of disciplines, cost estimating, field supervision, or adequate shop drawings review. Contractors bid work with the intent of being responsible for “means and methods,” but many court cases have determined that the issue of construction safety cannot be their sole responsibility. There exists a need to foster synergy among participants in the construction process. Developing a cohesive idealogy, through design∕build, has shown itself as a vehicle to institute lines of communication, which stimulate productivity, unifying parties and sharing risk. The resolution of risk-shifting is important to those who design, construct, and use architecture.     

Adaptive Control for Safe and Quality Rebar Fabrication

Rebar fabrication is a labor intensive operation that uses scrap or “trash” steel for raw materials and therefore can benefit greatly from improvements in safety, productivity, and quality. Shared control through a human-machine interface may be the best alternative for achieving highest quality standards and improving worker performance in safety and productivity. This paper develops a control scheme for automated rebar bending within the framework of computer integrated construction and presents research focused on the task level control to compensate for springback in the bent rebar. Three major problems are addressed: (1) Conception of a hierarchical computer integrated construction control structure that links rebar fabrication to the other construction project functions: (2) comparative evaluation of alternative algorithms for prediction of springback; and (3) portability of a springback control model that uses real-time electronic sensing. Bending tests were conducted with both a laboratory prototype and an actual shop table bender to experiment with alternative models for in-process springback prediction including a neural network model. Limitations in control system portability were realized in the transfer from the laboratory prototype bender to the shop bender. Springback model evaluations revealed that empirical statistical models, neural networks, and in-process relaxation performed equally well.     

Introduction of a new bar-rolling mill

An up-to-date bar-rolling shop has gone into operation at AO ArcelorMittal Temirtau. The production of rolled bar and complex profiles, including the rolling and splitting of rebar profiles 8, 10, 12, and 14, has been successfully introduced. The rolling mill is equipped with a Thermex system for heat treatment of the profiles (thermomechanical strengthening). Optimal rolling and heat-treatment conditions are established for rebar produced from imported Стзсп and Стзпс steel billet. The products fully comply with strength class At400 according to State Standard GOST 10884-94.     

热轧带肋钢筋加工中心的设计

介绍了年产10万t商品钢筋的加工厂的产品方案、工艺流程、设备组成及设备主要性能参数,加工厂包括钢筋盘卷矫直剪切、钢筋焊接网、钢筋弯箍、钢筋定尺剪切、钢筋折弯和钢筋机械连接等生产线。并指出钢筋加工中心的设计、生产和产品销售必需功能强大的计算机系统和管理软件的支持,商品钢筋的推广和建筑机械化施工技术的进步必须由钢筋生产、加工、工程设计、工程业主和施工单位共同来努力,才能真正发挥其综合效益。     

参数化的轧辊智能计算机辅助设计

介绍了一种智能化的孔型及轧辊CAD设计系统，该系统在CAD2000平台上，将具有一定形状的孔型模型化，并将模型和孔型参数的智能优化和人工修正融为一体，既提供合理的参数默认值，又可充分体现设计人员的思想。该系统能方便、快捷地完成各种成型方法的全部焊管孔型、方矩形管孔型设计及轧辊零件的绘图工作。     

CAD/CAPP/CAM集成环境下CAPP零件信息的提取

通过对螺旋孔型的钢球斜轧轧辊的结构分析,在ARX开发环境下,先利用MDT的API开发工具,从零件的三维模型中提取零件的轮廓信息,确定零件的类型和基本形状、加工特征和基本尺寸;再根据对应的二维工程图提取具体的工艺信息,最后根据二维图纸和三维模型的对应关系,对信息进行分类整理和自动识别.在此基础上开发了一个斜轧轧辊的零件信息系统,实现了在CAD/CAPP/CAM集成环境下,从CAD系统中直接提取零件信息,并转化为CAPP系统的工艺信息.该方法也可以自动提取和识别一般的旋转类零件信息.     

基于计算机仿真优化的钢管冷拨过程CAD系统

为了开发一个特殊的钢管冷拨工艺过程ＣＡＤ系统，除考虑现场实际资料与经验外，还利用ＭＡＲＣ软件进行约１０００次的钢管冷拨过程计算机仿真模拟。这些仿真试验覆盖各种可能的工艺变形条件，仿真研究的结果经过分析处理，模型化而直接引入ＣＡＤ系统中，使该ＣＡＤ系统可以寿命各冷拨企业快速有效地优化的拨制规程。     

Cladding Systems: Technological Change and Design Arrangements

The growing use of technologically complex building components is changing the traditional pattern of design roles, activities, and responsibilities. By describing the characteristics of thin stone veneered cladding systems, the paper discusses the delivery challenges of this technology. Its design and engineering process, as it was observed in practice, consists of three main tasks: design definition, design finalization, and design realization, each characterized by its own intents and leadership. The observed process is a continuum that spreads these tasks throughout the construction activities of a project. It is implemented with multiple contributions of specialty subcontractors and manufacturers that need to be coordinated. Current American Institute of Architects (AIA) standard agreements assume that the design process is concluded ahead of construction and individually developed. These agreements do not properly address the coordination of the shop drawings submitted by subcontractors. New contractual agreements and the management of building projects should recognize the changing intents of the tasks comprising the design process and the role of subcontractors and manufacturers, define the nature of their design work, and assign related responsibilities for performance and authority for design coordination.     

基于参数化设计的轧钢加热炉CAD/CAE集成方法

针对三段式步进梁式加热炉,基于Visual Basic开发环境下的参数化设计技术,介绍了三维CAD软件Solid Edge和CAE软件Fluent的集成方法,并使用Scheme语言配置Fluent参数文件完成了炉内温度场的数值模拟。该方法通过关联炉体装配模型尺寸生成炉体封闭模型;采用STEP标准模型作为CAD与CAE系统之间的数据传递手段;使用Dos环境下批处理文件对同类炉型实现自动化网格划分,建立了加热炉设计分析一体化平台,达到了提高设计分析效率的目的。     

Assessing Construction Engineering-Related Delays: Egyptian Perspective

The sources of construction delays include engineering, construction, financial/economic, management/administrative, and force majeure. This paper presents a knowledge-based expert system dedicated to engineering-related delays. Three categories of engineering-related delays are considered in the proposed system. These are: (1) design development; (2) workshop drawings; and (3) project parties changes delays. The knowledge of the system is acquired from literature, Federation International des Ingenieurs-Conseils (FIDIC) contract forms, domain experts, as well as a questionnaire survey. Three classes of participants (consultants, contractors, and employers) have been approached to get their feedback on the cases of engineering-related delays. The design of the questionnaire and criteria for selecting participants are described. The feedback of the participants is analyzed to draw the main causes of engineering-related delays. The proposed system’s built-in rules utilize the procedure of FIDIC contract forms for both design-bid-build and design-build projects. In addition, it provides flexibility in utilizing other customized procedures. The system advises on the claim entitlement, responsibility, and compensability of claims. A case study is presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed expert system.     

Drawing construction as a strategy for learning from text.

Classroom use of student-generated drawings has been encouraged for a number of purposes (e.g., R. Hubbard & K. Ernst, 1996). The present study examined the use of drawing as a learning strategy for 5th- and 6th-grade students reading science text. Three experimental drawing conditions and a reading control tested the hypothesis that drawing is effective only when students are supported during the construction process. Drawing (draw) participants constructed drawings only, whereas illustration comparison participants compared drawings with a provided illustration. Prompted illustration comparison (PIC) participants answered prompting questions to guide this comparison process. Dependent measures included a free-recall and recognition posttest, drawing accuracy, on-line self-monitoring behaviors, and time on task. PIC participants constructed the most accurate drawings and also scored significantly higher on the free-recall posttest. No differences were found on recognition posttest items. Although all drawing conditions spent significantly more time on task, these participants also engaged in significantly more self-monitoring events than did reading control participants. PIC participants also engaged in more events than did draw participants. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Construction of a Pultruded Composite Structure: Case Study

In a recent research and development project a novel prototype pultruded composite structure was designed, fabricated, and tested. The bargelike, box-girder type structure measured approximately 24-ft long by 15-ft wide by 5-ft high (7.3 × 4.6 × 1.5 m). The structure was constructed from commercially available off-the-shelf pultruded structural profiles and panel sections. Tubular steel structural members and steel hardware were used to connect and join the different sections and subassemblies. The structure consisted of three 24-ft-long by 5-ft-wide by 5-ft-high (7.3 × 1.5 × 1.5 m) rectangular box-girder modular units and six 4-ft (1.2-m) wide modular deck panels. A design requirement was that the structure be capable of being transported by conventional, nonpermit trucking and be assembled at a remote site for subsequent testing. The structure was fabricated at a ship building and repair shop in Norfolk, Va., whose primary expertise was with conventional steel ship-structure fabrication methods and which had no prior experience with fabricating a large pultruded structural system. To fabricate and assemble the structure, a set of construction documents was produced. These included a set of written construction and assembly specifications, a set of detailed construction drawings, a detailed parts list, and a schedule. This case study details the construction process and provides a step-by-step explanation of how the engineering design team developed the construction documents for a relatively complex pultruded composite structure. Details of the design, analysis, and testing of the system are provided elsewhere.     

天钢带肋钢筋四切分轧制工艺开发

介绍了天钢棒材厂带肋钢筋四切分轧制工艺,通过孔型系统设计,轧制技术参数计算,导卫系统的选择,开发防扭转导卫,合理配置切分活套,完善中精轧机组配辊系统,改善冷床对齐设施,成功开发出适合天钢棒材线6-8-4工艺布局的四切分轧制工艺。Φ12mm螺纹钢相比较于三切分工艺,提高生产效率15%,经济效益显著;采用四切分轧制工艺成功开发了Φ10mm螺纹钢,扩大了天钢产品结构,实现了螺纹钢生产品种规格的系列化。     

Prototype Tool for Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing Coordination

Effective mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) coordination requires recalling and integrating knowledge regarding design, construction, and operations and maintenance of each MEP system. Currently, the MEP coordination process involves a series of meetings where representatives from each MEP trade overlay drawings of their respective systems to detect and eliminate numerous types of interferences. Tailored computer tools used to design and fabricate MEP systems almost always generate these drawings, but no knowledge-based computer technology exists to assist in the multidiscipline MEP coordination effort. The purpose of this research was to develop a technology that integrates a number of knowledge bases—design criteria, construction, and operations and maintenance—into a knowledge-based system that is able to provide valuable insight to engineers and construction personnel, to assist them in resolving coordination problems for multiple MEP systems. This research provides a foundation for future researchers to build from and for industry to create a revised work process, using information technology, to assist in multidiscipline coordination efforts.     

CAD and Management of Construction Projects

The increasing interest in computer‐aided design (CAD) has prompted research that is aimed at identifying the opportunities for construction managers and building contractors. It has been found that the use of CAD systems in the U.K. is mainly confined to the production of detailed drawings. Indeed, most of the systems used are 2‐D drafting tools and incapable of supporting the integration of even modest amounts of nongraphical (construction) data. On the other hand, many 3‐D modeling systems have the potential to integrate construction data, although they appear to be almost ignored. The use of 3‐D modeling systems is considered to be the most suitable vehicle for successfully integrating these data. However, this is likely to necessitate the introduction of separate databases, preferably of the relational type. The use of 3‐D modeling systems in assessing the construction implications of outline designs also presents interesting possibilities and is discussed.