柱芳烃在阳离子识别中应用的研究进展

较系统地综述了柱芳烃的合成发展过程及其对阳离子识别的研究进展情况,指出了柱芳烃是一类新型超分子主体大环化合物,拥有高度对称和刚性的骨架结构,并且具有易于修饰和功能化的特点,可高效地识别有机阳离子和金属阳离子。最后,简单展望了柱芳烃识别阳离子的应用前景。     

柱芳烃的合成应用及选择性键合的新进展

综述了柱芳烃的合成及自组装、柱芳烃的分子识别及选择性键合作用、混柱[5]芳烃的主客体化学及自组装性能和一些特殊结构的新型柱芳烃的合成。     

水溶性柱芳烃的合成,主客体性质和应用的研究

水溶性柱芳烃是边缘含有亲水基团从而使其具有水溶性的柱芳烃衍生物,在应用上由于柱芳烃独特的结构,已经得到了广泛的关注。文章总结了水溶性柱芳烃的合成,并重点介绍了其在分子识别,组装,聚合物及超分子自组装上的最新研究进展。     

植根深远的杯芳烃化学

简要介绍了杯芳烃化学的产生、发展、杯芳烃的结构特征及应用。详细综述了新型杯芳烃的合成及应用、新型两亲性杯芳烃的合成及在材料科学中的应用、新型杯芳烃的合成及对阳离子的选择性识别与检测。并对杯芳烃化学的发展进行了展望。     

植根深远的杯芳烃化学

简要介绍了杯芳烃化学的产生、发展、杯芳烃的结构特征及应用。详细综述了新型杯芳烃的合成及应用、新型两亲性杯芳烃的合成及在材料科学中的应用、新型杯芳烃的合成及对阳离子的选择性识别与检测。并对杯芳烃化学的发展进行了展望。     

柱[5]芳烃的构象和平面手性

柱[5]芳烃由于桥连亚甲基的自由度和2-,5-位衍生化的特点而具有多种构象及平面手性。对柱[5]芳烃构象和平面手性的研究,有助于深入理解其主客体识别能力和选择性。本文综述了柱[5]芳烃的构象异构现象,详细阐述了固定构象的方法,及其平面手性的翻转与拆分,讨论了手性柱[5]芳烃在不对称催化和水分子通道等领域的应用前景。     

基于超分子识别的电化学传感器研究进展

简要介绍了基于超分子识别构建的电化学传感器的原理、特点及应用。详细综述了基于冠醚、环糊精、杯芳烃、葫芦脲和柱芳烃等大环主体的超分子识别,构建电化学传感器的最新研究进展。对这几类电化学传感器的研究应用前景进行了展望。     

柱[5]芳烃对偶氮二异丁腈分子识别的研究及应用

以三氟化硼乙醚为催化剂、1,4-对甲氧基苯和多聚甲醛为原料合成具有高亲和性的全甲氧基柱[5]芳烃,通过核磁共振氢谱、紫外可见光谱、荧光光谱等检测手段研究了全甲氧基柱[5]芳烃对偶氮二异丁腈的分子识别能力。结果表明,全甲氧基柱[5]芳烃和偶氮二异丁腈可在氯仿中形成1∶1的主客体络合物,同时,全甲氧基柱[5]芳烃对偶氮二异丁腈具有刺激响应性,可作为荧光分子探针检测偶氮二异丁腈。     

对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃衍生物对K^＋的液膜传输规律研究

对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃可通过衍生化反应得到一系列衍生物,它们对金属阳离子有识别作用,可以作为传输过程的离予载体;通过准气泡乳化膜泫观察对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃衍生物对K^＋的传输行为,探讨了其作为离子载体在不同的pH梯度下对传输结果的影响。并在此基础上做了理论分析和概括。     

新型大环主体化合物柱芳烃的合成及应用

介绍了柱芳烃的产生、发展、应用及结构特征,详细综述了:新型柱芳烃的合成与性能研究;新型柱芳烃的超分子自组装及应用;新型柱芳烃的合成及在医药中的应用。并对柱芳烃的发展进行了展望。     

佛山市顺德新城区降水中污染物的监测和分析

为掌握佛山市顺德新城区降水中污染物的情况,2015年7月至8月,文章作者分别在雨天进行了降水取样,对降水中的pH、电导率、常见阴离子(F-、Cl~-、NO_3~(2-)、SO_4~(2-))及部分重金属(铅和镉)进行监测分析。选择有相关数据的珠江三角洲和石家庄、厦门等地的降水中污染物的情况进行对比。结果表明,顺德新城区降水中的p H和部分阴离子浓度优于珠江三角洲平均值,酸雨类型属于硫酸和硝酸混合型;其水体洁净程度略差于石家庄;铅和镉的浓度也高于厦门,甚至部分超出了人体能直接接触的安全范围。     

Metabolism of trideuterated iso-lignoceric acid in rats in Vivo and in human fibroblasts in culture

Saturated very long chain fatty acids (fatty acids with greater than 22 carbon atoms; VLCFA) accumulate in peroxisomal disorders, but there is little information on their turnover in patients. To determine the suitability of using stable isotope-labeled VLCFA in patients with these disorders, the metabolism of 22-methyl[23,23,23-²H₃]tricosanoic (iso-lignoceric) acid was studied in rats in vivo and in human skin fibroblasts in culture. The deuterated iso-VLCFA was degraded to the corresponding 16- and 18-carbon iso-fatty acids by rats in vivo and by normal human skin fibroblasts in culture, but there was little or no degradation in peroxisome-deficient (Zellweger’s syndrome) fibroblasts, indicating that its oxidation was peroxisomal. Neither the 14-, 20-, and 22-carbon iso-fatty acids nor the corresponding odd-chain metabolites could be detected. In the rat, the organ containing most of the iso-lignoceric acid, and its breakdown products, was the liver, whereas negligible amounts were detected in the brain, suggesting that little of the fatty acid crossed the blood-brain barrier. Our data indicate that VLCFA labeled with deuterium at the ω-position of the carbon chain are suitable derivatives for the in vivo investigation of patients with defects in peroxisomal β-oxidation because they are metabolized by the same pathways as the corresponding n-VLCFA. Moreover, as iso-VLCFA and their β-oxidation products are readily separated from the corresponding n-fatty acids by normal chromatographic procedures, the turnover of VLCFA can be more precisely measured. A preliminary report of part of this work (Reference 18) was presented at the 5th International Symposium on the Synthesis and Applications of Isotopes and Isotopically Labelled Compounds, Strasbourg, France, June 20–24, 1994.     

高效液相色谱法分析化妆品中微量成分的研究进展

综述了高效液相色谱法在化妆品中防腐剂、防晒剂中紫外线吸收剂以及性激素的检测等几个方面的应用;同时,介绍了分析所用的色谱柱、流动相、使用的检测手段以及样品的提取方法;最后针对目前存在的问题,提出了高效液相色谱用于化妆品中微量成分分析的研究方向和发展前景。     

Denitrification in shallow groundwater in a coastal agricultural area in Japan

In a coastal agricultural area in the central part of Japan (Shizuoka), we found decreasing nitrate concentration with depth in a shallow groundwater, where the depth to water table varied between 0.6 and 1.2 m below ground surface. High nitrate concentrations (5–29 mg N L^–1) were often observed in the upper layer (0–2 m) of the groundwater, but the concentration decreased to less than 1 mg N L^–1 in the deeper layer. Ammonium was scarcely detected, and the concentration of dissolved oxygen was usually low (< 1 mgO₂ L^–1) in the groundwater. Nitrate in the groundwater often had very heavy nitrogen stable isotope ratios (>20{}). There was a negative relationship between nitrogen stable isotope ratio of nitrate and its concentration. When nitrate was injected into the groundwater with acetylene and bromide (a conservative tracer), nitrate concentration decreased to 20% of the initial level within 5 days, accompanied by the increase in nitrite and nitrous oxide concentration and a little change in bromide concentration. These results indicate that microbial denitrification plays a potential role in the decrease of nitrate in shallow groundwater at the study site.     

我国硝酸工业生产技术新进展

系统叙述了我国硝酸工业2000-2007年生产现状及主要技术成果,尤其指出了国产"四合一"机组的成功投运,使我国硝酸国产化装置取得较大的进步,表现在吨酸的铂耗、氨耗和能耗等方面接近国外引进装置水平,同时介绍了国外双加压法硝酸生产技术的进展.我国已成为硝酸生产大国,仍需以先进的技术改造和发展我国硝酸工业,确保我国硝酸工业健康有序地发展,加快从硝酸生产大国向强国迈进的步伐.