丙烯酸甲酯改性氧化钙催化制备生物柴油的研究

以丙烯酸甲酯为改性剂,对氧化钙表面进行改性,研究丙烯酸甲酯改性氧化钙催化油脂-甲醇酯交换体系制备生物柴油性能的影响。考察了改性剂用量、醇油摩尔比以及催化剂用量对体系酯化率的影响,并对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,表面改性后,氧化钙的催化性能得到极大改善。在反应温度为65℃、丙烯酸甲酯改性剂用量为0.5%、醇油摩尔比为20∶1、催化剂用量为15%、反应时间2 h条件下,生物柴油产率高达96.55%,与未改性氧化钙相比,相同条件下生物柴油产率提高16.18%。同时,丙烯酸甲酯改性氧化钙还具有良好的耐水性能,在体系含水量1%条件下催化制备生物柴油产率仍能达到81%。催化剂BET表征结果显示,改性后氧化钙较改性前的比表面积、平均孔径和孔体积均增大;热重表征结果表明,氧化钙改性后热稳定性提高,颗粒分散性增强;XRD、FTIR表征显示,丙烯酸甲酯改性剂已经成功键合到氧化钙表面。     

氧化钙催化菜籽油酯交换制备生物柴油

以菜籽油和甲醇为原料,在固体碱催化剂的作用下,通过酯交换反应制得生物柴油(脂肪酸甲酯)。以氧化钙为催化剂,通过正交试验得到该反应的最佳工艺条件:温度60℃,催化剂用量为菜籽油质量的1%,醇油比为10∶1(物质的量比),反应时间3 h,甘油收率达80.8%。     

疏水改性氧化钙催化制备生物柴油的研究

以溴化苄作为改性剂,采用化学键合方法对市售氧化钙进行表面改性,考察改性氧化钙固体碱催化菜籽油-甲醇酯交换反应制备生物柴油的性能,并在此基础上对该催化体系的耐水性进行考察。通过对反应体系中醇/油摩尔比、催化剂用量和反应时间进行优化,最终得出在醇/油摩尔比为15∶1,催化剂用量为5%以及表面改性剂溴化苄用量为0.2%时,表面改性氧化钙上生物柴油产率在反应3h即可达到99.8%,而未改性氧化钙为催化剂时在相同反应条件下生物柴油产率仅为35.3%。     

KOH负载的不同催化剂催化合成生物柴油

采用湿法浸渍法研究了五种KOH负载的催化剂催化合成生物柴油反应,并采用XRD﹑SEM﹑CO2-TPD等方法对其进行结构和性能表征。结果表明,15%(质量分数,下同)KOH负载的CaO催化酯化活性最高,在醇油摩尔比16∶1,反应温度65℃,催化剂加入量为4%条件下,反应1h,脂肪酸甲酯收率达到97.1%。KOH负载的CaO催化剂中出现了K2O的晶相,15%CaO/KOH催化剂有更多的活性位点,有利于生物柴油酯交换反应。     

催化酯交换制备生物柴油的研究进展

催化酯交换是制备生物柴油的一个重要方法。本文综述了均相催化和非均相催化、酸性催化和碱性催化、固体酸和固体碱催化的研究进展,并针对每类催化剂的特性和应用范围进行比较,得出固体酸和固体碱催化符合绿色生产生物柴油的要求,是未来发展的方向。特别是固体酸在催化含有水分和游离酸的油脂酯交换方面具有独特的优势,需要进一步研究和开发。     

稀土改性固体超强酸催化制备生物柴油的研究

以SO42-/ZrO2为母体,引入稀土元素La、Ce对其进行改性,制备出一系列稀土固体超强酸催化剂,用X射线衍射、红外光谱和BET手段表征了催化剂的物化性能。研究了催化剂合成生物柴油的催化性能,系统考察了n(甲醇):n(脂肪酸甘油三酯)、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对生物柴油产率的影响。结果表明:稀土的引入使活性四方相ZrO2更加稳定;催化剂中形成了固体超强酸结构,且改性后酸强度增大,催化剂活性中心数目增加。SO42-/ZrO2-La2O3的催化活性较高,n(甲醇)∶n(脂肪酸甘油三酯)=10∶1、m(催化剂)∶m(原料油)=4∶100、反应温度250℃、反应时间9 h,此时甲酯的产率可达到73.46%。该催化剂活性较高,重复使用3次后生物柴油产率仍在60%之上。     

固体碱催化制备生物柴油的研究

近些年来,生物柴油已成为重要的新兴可再生能源之一。简要列举了一些固体碱的合成及其催化制备生物柴油催化性能的研究,并简单预测了今后此类催化剂可能的发展方向。     

生物柴油的制备研究

采用花生油下脚料在无机酸催化剂作用下反应制备生物柴油,研究了油醇摩尔比、催化剂浓度、反应时间、反应温度、搅拌强度对反应产率的影响.反应最佳工艺条件为油醇摩尔比1:6、催化剂2%、反应时间3.5h、反应温度75℃、搅拌较强.     

离子液体催化制备生物柴油的研究进展

生物柴油作为一种可再生的清洁能源,以其良好的环境效应受到越来越多的关注。采用离子液体催化制备生物柴油,符合绿色化学的要求,有着诱人的工业化前景。综述了离子液体催化制备生物柴油的优势、机理和现状。对于存在的问题:离子液体载体效应以及多尺度结构对催化活性影响不明确,离子液体催化剂的酸性对催化活性不明确等提出了解决方案,对离子液体催化制备生物柴油的研究方向进行了展望。     

生物柴油的制备研究

生物柴油是一种对环境友好的、可再生的生物质燃料,生物柴油的应用可以减少人类对矿物燃料的依赖,而且可以大大减少对环境的污染。试验分别利用精制大豆油和煎炸废油成功制得基本符合国外现有质量标准的的生物柴油。     

NaF/CaO固体碱催化制备生物柴油

采用等体积浸渍法制备了NaF/CaO催化剂,用于催化大豆油与甲醇酯交换反应制备生物柴油。考察了催化剂制备条件和反应条件对酯交换反应的影响。结果表明,通过等体积浸渍法、500℃焙烧4h和NaF与CaO的质量比6:1制得的催化剂,在70℃、催化剂用量为油质量的8%、醇油物质的量比9:1和反应2 h条件下,生物柴油收率可达95%。与单纯的CaO相比,NaF/CaO催化剂的催化活性明显提高。用共聚焦拉曼光谱考察了催化剂的表面特征。     

分子筛微波辐射负载CaO催化合成生物柴油

研究微波辐射法制备固体碱催化剂CaO/NaY在合成生物柴油中的应用。结果表明,该催化剂在醇油摩尔比9∶1,催化剂质量分数3%,反应温度65℃,反应时间3 h等条件下,以精制大豆油为原料制备的生物柴油得率可达95%;而以酸值(以KOH计)为4 mg/g和含水质量分数为1.5%的油脂为原料,生物柴油得率可分别达到92.4%和84.8%。催化剂结构表征表明:微波辐射改善了CaO在载体NaY上的分散,其总碱量(H-27)达到3.798mmol/g,是一种固体超强碱。     

固体催化剂制备生物柴油研究进展

作为化石能源的替代品,生物柴油具有成本低、无污染和可再生等优点,是一种可再生的绿色能源。介绍了用于制备生物柴油的固体酸和固体碱催化剂的研究进展,固体催化剂催化效率高、催化剂不宜中毒且易与产品分离,并指出研制廉价和高效的催化剂仍是生物柴油领域的研究热点。     

纳米K2CO3/CaO催化大豆油制备生物柴油

以K2CO3、纳米CaCO3(自制)为原料,K2CO3的负载质量分数为50%,在750℃焙烧3 h得到纳米K2CO3/CaO固体碱催化剂,并通过XRD、FT-IR及TG-DSC等手段进行确认.再用该催化剂催化制备生物柴油,结果表明:制备生物柴油的最佳条件为温度70℃,质量分数3%的纳米K2CO3/CaO,醇油摩尔比12...     

改性膨润土催化麻疯树油酯交换反应动力学及生物柴油纯化

用氢氧化钙和氢氧化钠联合改性活性白土制备了膨润土固体碱催化剂,并用于麻疯树油和甲醇酯交换反应合成生物柴油。主要目的是研究酯交换反应的动力学及纯化反应获得的粗生物柴油使其达到相关国际标准。首先在消除内外扩散的条件下,测定323.15～338.15 K温度范围内的反应动力学数据,并用拟均相模型进行拟合。在室温下使用膨润土为吸附剂对粗生物柴油进行纯化,以移除游离甘油为目标,考察吸附剂用量和吸附时间的影响,以获得适宜纯化条件。结果表明,膨润土固体碱催化剂有较高的活性和稳定性,所得生物柴油粗产品质量较好;反应过程符合拟一级反应动力学机理,活化能67.87 kJ·mol^-1;在3%(质量分数)的膨润土用量,室温吸附30 min的条件下,纯化后的生物柴油符合欧洲标准(EN 14214)且产品收率超过96%。     

Synthesis of biodiesel from soybean oil and methanol catalyzed by zeolite beta modified with La

La/zeolite beta was prepared by an ion exchange method and used to synthesize the biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters, FAME). The La(NO₃)₃ was applied as the ion exchange precursor to incorporate La ion into zeolite beta. The composition of the zeolite beta before and after ion exchange was analyzed by the SEM microphotographs and EDS spectrograms, the Brønsted and Lewis acid sites were investigated by FTIR imaging. The transesterification was carried out in a batch reactor and the composition of the FAME product was determined by a potassium hydroxide saponification method. The syntheses conditions with respect to catalytic activities have been optimized individually. Results of the experiment showed that La/zeolite beta shows higher conversion and stability than zeolite beta for the production of biodiesel, which may be correlated to the higher quantity of external Brønsted acid sites available for the reactants. The product consists of a mixture of monoalkyl esters primarily, and when the methanol/ soybean oil molar ratio was 14.5, reaction temperature at 333 K, reaction time 4 h and catalyst/soybean oil mass ratio of 0.011, the conversion of triglyceride 48.9 wt% was obtained from this optimal reaction condition.     

Transesterification for biodiesel production catalyzed by combined lipases: Optimization and kinetics

Preparation of biodiesel from waste cooking oil catalyzed by combined lipases in tert‐butanol medium was investigated. Several crucial parameters affecting biodiesel yield were optimized by response surface methodology, such as dosage of combined lipases of Novozym 435 and Lipozyme TLIM, weight ratio of Novozym 435 to Lipozyme TLIM, amount of tert‐butanol, reaction temperature, and molar ratio of oil to methanol. Under the optimized conditions, the highest biodiesel yield was up to 83.5% The proposed model on biodiesel yield had a satisfactory coefficient of R² (= 94.02%), and was experimentally verified. The combined lipases exhibited high‐operational stability. After 30 cycles (300 h) successively, the activity of combined lipases maintained 85% of its original activity. A reaction kinetic model was proposed to describe the system and deduced to be a pseudo‐first‐order reaction, and the calculated activation energy was 51.71 kJ/mol. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010     

Synthesis of biodiesel from soybean oil and methanol catalyzed by zeolite beta modified with La3+

La/zeolite beta was prepared by an ion exchange method and used to synthesize the biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters, FAME). The La(NO₃)₃ was applied as the ion exchange precursor to incorporate La ion into zeolite beta. The composition of the zeolite beta before and after ion exchange was analyzed by the SEM microphotographs and EDS spectrograms, the Brønsted and Lewis acid sites were investigated by FTIR imaging. The transesterification was carried out in a batch reactor and the composition of the FAME product was determined by a potassium hydroxide saponification method. The syntheses conditions with respect to catalytic activities have been optimized individually. Results of the experiment showed that La/zeolite beta shows higher conversion and stability than zeolite beta for the production of biodiesel, which may be correlated to the higher quantity of external Brønsted acid sites available for the reactants. The product consists of a mixture of monoalkyl esters primarily, and when the methanol/ soybean oil molar ratio was 14.5, reaction temperature at 333 K, reaction time 4 h and catalyst/soybean oil mass ratio of 0.011, the conversion of triglyceride 48.9 wt% was obtained from this optimal reaction condition.