建筑师与消费社会

消费文化对建筑界的渗透导致建筑师以不同以往的身份立场介入商业店铺设计。文章通过表参道4个品牌店铺的个案研究,分析在消费社会背景下建筑师的可能策略,并对建筑师能否从改造社会的角色转变成时尚的代言人进行质疑,确立商业建筑新地位的同时建筑师应以批判的态度冷静思考来自消费文化的冲击。     

New service functions may help preserve village shops

Experiments in four shops in Denmark create the basis for a distribution of service functions to village shops all over the country. Establishing some more or less untradi‐tional service facilities in a village shop improves the possibilities of survival for the shop. This is the conclusion of a controlled experiment performed by The Institute for Centre‐Planning, Copenhagen, in four village shops over a period of 18 months. The five most important and best‐paying service facilities were sub‐post office, dispensing of medicine, public library service, receipt of pools coupons and certain bank services. Furthermore the experiment comprised municipal consultation (area office), public telephone, and receiving of items for dry cleaning. The effect of establishing the supplementary service functions in the village shops was measured partly through information on the turn‐over in the four shops and the six shops selected as control shops partly through the use which the inhabitants made of the service offers. The degree of satisfaction of the inhabitants faced with the possibilities of having available the various forms of facilities was also measured prior to the experiment and after the experiment by means of personal interviews among the households in the test areas as well as in the control areas.     

商铺区域自动喷水灭火系统在设计施工中应注意的几个问题

本研究是根据商铺区域自动喷水灭火系统设计和施工的经验,对于喷嘴选择和布置、管道设计和安装、系统组组建、消防水泵、压力控制等方面展开了研讨,进而确保商铺区域消防安全。     

某大型商业综合体消防性能化分析

以某大型商业综合体建筑为例,分析其消防安全存在的问题如:防火分区面积过大、人员疏散距离过长、四层影厅面积不符合消防规范等,提出性能化解决方案如:室内步行街作为临时安全区、两侧店铺设置“喷淋十钢化玻璃”与步行街分隔、调整疏散出口宽度等,并利用FDS和Pathfinder进行消防性能化评估,验证方案可行,前提是必须保证各消防设施的有效动作,结果可为同类建筑商业综合体提供参考依据.     

Simulation and perceptual evaluation of fashion shop lighting design with application of exhibition lighting techniques

Fashion shops employ visual merchandising strategies to display products through improvement of luminous environment, which can enable customers to better appreciate fashion products. Such a strategy can eventually increase sales. This study proposed a lighting plan for fashion shops that applies exhibition lighting techniques. First, a fashion shop lighting plan was proposed based on exhibition lighting techniques in museums, and a subjective evaluation was performed by simulation and visualising the design of fashion shop lighting considering various parameters. The characteristics of preference, perceptual clarity and visual attention were assessed for various lighting and correlated color temperature (CCT) conditions. Various display lighting methods in fashion shops for mannequins, tables and hangers were also evaluated. Then, an overall assessment for these objects based on the results of the subjective evaluation was discussed.     

Optimizing Location and Capacity for Multiple Types of Locomotive Maintenance Shops

Thousands of locomotives run in the North America railroad network and each of them must receive periodic maintenance service; meanwhile, the locomotives may break down during shipment operations and demand repair. Maintenance shops are characterized by the types of locomotives they can handle and the level of service they can provide. This article formulates a mixed‐integer program model to optimize location and capacity of locomotive maintenance shops. The objective is to minimize the sum of the costs for building new (or shutting down existing) maintenance shops, the costs for capacity expansion (or reduction), and the costs for shipping broken locomotives to a suitable shop. A Lagrangian‐relaxation‐based heuristic algorithm is proposed to solve the shop location and capacity planning problem. The model and solution techniques are applied to a full‐scale real‐world case study, while the computational results show that the current maintenance shops are overly built and recommend that two maintenance shops should be closed and an amount of capacities should be reduced from the existing shops. A series of numerical sensitivity analyses are also conducted to draw managerial insights.     

基于空间句法的老城区商业服务设施落位优化研究——以天津市英租界片区为例

该研究选取天津市老城英租界片区的商业服务设施为研究对象,以空间句法为主要分析工具,探究路网流量等级与商业服务设施的位置关系,分析店铺总数与选择度、整合度的相关性,得到回归方程;进而基于对商业服务半径、分布拓扑规律、功能承载力三个方面的研究,提出商业服务设施空间布局的精准落位策略。此研究方法可在城市街区优化改造中为提高商业设施的可达性、提升商业空间的整体活力、增强商业空间的使用效率提供科学技术指导。     

The influence of a perforated false ceiling on the performance of smoke ventilation systems

Perforated false ceilings ougth not to interfere appreciably with the flows of hot smoky gases from a fire to smoke ventilation openings above the false ceiling. The Fire Research Station currently recommends that such false ceilings should have a minimum free area of 25 percent.

An experiment using a 1/10th scale model of a single-level enclosed shopping mall has examined the performance of five perforated false ceilings having different percentages of free area. For both powered and natural venting, it was found that minimum free areas of between 30 and 10 percent could be used depending on the depths of the shop fascia below the false ceiling, and on whether the shops were open- or glass-fronted. The previously recommended minimum of 25 percent has been confirmed as a generally useful ‘rule of thumb’ value for allowing safe escape, even though cool smoke can be expected to affect some nearby shops under some circumstances.     

红狮旅馆

红狮旅馆坐落干马萨诸塞州的Stockbridge镇,虽然地处店铺、餐馆林立的综合商业街区,但其独特的建筑风格能让人们眼便认出这个历史悠久的旅馆。夏天,许多从纽约和波士顿来的游客都来此度假。Stockbridge镇是该地区备受关注的文化中心,汇集了音乐、舞蹈、绘画及戏剧表演等多种艺术活动。     

浅析商业理论在商业综合体设计中的应用

大型商业项目在中国方兴未艾,然而由于国内商业开发缺乏经验,失败案例比比皆是。文章通过对商业理论的研究,来指导商业项目的设计、开发a依据中心地理论能合理地确定商业综合体的规模、业态的种类和配比;现代商业及服务配套业在空间上的高度聚集正是商圈理论在实际中的运用：土地价值理论对商业业态规划设计具有重要的指导意义;单店面积理论限定了商业项目的规模。精准的市场定位,科学的开发模式,合理的规模和商业业态规划是商业项目成功的保障。正确地运用商业理论对于商业综合体的开发、设计具有重要的意义。