多级SMBBR工艺处理低C/N比城市污水中试研究

通过中试试验研究多级SMBBR工艺(S/A/SMBBR)处理包头市某污水处理厂的低碳氮比生活污水的效能,考察SDC-03生物填料的挂膜启动及硝化液回流比、DO浓度和温度对脱氮效果的影响。结果表明,在15℃时,SDC-03填料在30 d左右完成挂膜,出水的COD和氨氮去除率70%左右;随硝化液回流比增加,NH_4⁺-N平均去除率增加,TN去除率呈现先升高后下降趋势;回流比150%时,TN、NH_4+-N平均去除率增加,TN去除率呈现先升高后下降趋势;回流比150%时,TN、NH_4⁺-N的去除效果最佳;溶解氧(DO)浓度3 mg/L时,SMBBR工艺通过同步硝化反硝化(SND)实现最佳的脱氮效果。温度由15℃增加到30℃,脱氮效能增加,但效果不明显,多级SMBBR工艺对温度变化有良好的适应性。     

BCFS工艺处理低C/N比城市污水的中试研究

采用BCFS工艺,以城市生活污水为研究对象,经过2个月试验运行,系统对磷及有机物去除效果良好.当进水COD/NH3-N比值较低(3.3～8.5,平均6.1)时,系统仍可以获得较好的除磷效果:P043-P、COD和氨氮去除率分别为84.6%、83.8%、83.2%.     

3CFS工艺处理低C/N比城市污水的中试研究

采用BCFS工艺，以城市生活污水为研究对象，经过2个月试验运行，系统对磷及有机物去除效果良好。当进水COD/NH3-N比值较低（313～8．5，平均6．1）时，系统仍可以获得较好的除磷效果：PO^34-p、COD和氨氮去除率分别为84．6％、83．8％、83．2％。     

A/O生物脱氮回流液中溶解氧影响因素的研究

A／O工艺处理废水过程中，回流液中的溶解氧影响反硝化脱氮的速率。选择回流比为3，回流液的溶解氧小于3．0mg／L较为适宜。     

改良多级A/O对低C/N生活污水强化除磷效果研究

针对传统多级A/O工艺处理低碳氮比生活污水除磷效果差的问题,通过增设前置厌氧段改良多级A/O工艺,重点研究了除磷效果的可行性。结果表明：在温度为17℃±3℃、流量分配比为100%∶0∶0、水力停留时间为10h、污泥回流比为50%、污泥龄为14天的条件下,系统总体除磷效果较好。其中COD、TP平均去除率分别为89.81%、90.35%,出水平均浓度分别为32.65mg/L、0.49mg/L,均优于GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A排放标准。由于受到硝化反硝化的综合影响,对污水中含有的氮素去除效果一般,其中NH₃-N、TN去除率均为50%左右,出水平均浓度为30.32mg/L、30.41mg/L,可通过外加碳源的方式增强反硝化能力,进一步提高系统脱氮效果,出水有望达到一级B标准。改良工艺在保证有机物去除效果的基础上基本实现了脱氮除磷,可为实际生活中处理低C/N生活污水提供参考。     

改良分段进水工艺处理低C/N城市污水流量优化控制

采用改良分段进水工艺处理低碳氮比(C/N<3.5)生活污水,研究流量分配对系统处理性能的影响。在其他条件不变的情况下,以实际处理效果以及物料衡算结果为依据来逐步提高首段进水比例以寻求最优的流量运行工况,共确定4组不同的进水流量分配。结果表明:在此碳氮比条件下,通过提高首段进水比例的方法并不能降低厌氧区氮氧化物的含量,甚至出现相反的情况;系统的同步硝化反硝化作用以及微生物同化作用强度对TN的去除起着至关重要的作用;首段进水比例的提高强化了厌氧区聚磷菌的释磷作用,提高了磷酸盐的去除率;综合考虑系统的脱氮除磷效能以及后续可优化空间,确定在进水流量分配比例为6:3:1的工况3为最优工况,系统出水COD、氨氮、总氮、磷酸盐浓度分别为45.98、0.04、17.47和2.43 mg·L^-1。     

改良型多级A/O-MBR组合工艺对低C/N比生活污水的强化除磷

采用多级厌氧/耗氧膜生物反应器（A/O-MBR）组合工艺对低C/N比生活污水进行处理时,存在总磷（TP）处理不达标的问题。通过改变污泥回流位置并增加内回流的改良型多级A/O-MBR组合工艺强化除磷,探究该工艺对低C/N比生活污水中TP的去除效果,并通过污泥静态分析研究其污泥反硝化除磷机理。结果表明,改良型多级A/O-MBR组合工艺对TP去除效果良好,平均去除率达到了86.36%,同时对化学需氧量（COD）、总氮（TN）及氨氮去除效果良好,均达到一级A排放标准。该工艺提高了聚磷菌及反硝化聚磷菌的比例,有效强化了对TP的去除。     

某工业园区污水厂的工艺诊断及水质优化研究

针对某工业园区污水厂出水TN超标问题,对工业园区和污水厂存在的问题进行了分析,提出源头冲击管控、推流器角度改造、进水余氯控制、跌水富氧控制、回流硝化液DO控制、外加碳源优选的6大优化措施.采取以上措施进行改造后,污水厂出水TN稳定达标,出水水质达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》中的一级A标准...     

多点进水AAO-A+MBR工艺在低C/N污水处理厂的工程应用

海宁丁桥污水处理厂四期工程处理规模为5×10⁴ m³/d,进水中工业废水占比高达50%,进水C/N较低。根据现有用地、进水指标及工艺运行情况,新建初沉发酵池+多点进水AAO-A+MBR工艺系统,采用多点进水耦合乙酸钠投加的多碳源分配脱氮保障方法,同时采用了将曝气池溶解氧控制在较低水平的策略。投入运行一年多,在进水COD_Cr、氨氮、TP、TN、SS平均质量浓度分别为254.0、29.30、3.09、31.60、126.3 mg/L的情况下,出水COD_Cr、氨氮、TP、TN、SS平均质量浓度分别为26.2、0.31、0.23、7.72、5.1 mg/L,出水水质稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)中的一级A标准,单位直接运行成本为0.533 0元/m³,具有良好的环境效益和经济效益。     

A2O工艺处理低C/N比生活污水的试验研究

采用52.5 L的A²O试验装置处理实际生活污水,研究了A²O工艺在处理低C/N比生活污水时的脱氮除磷特性,并探讨了如何通过强化缺氧吸磷来提高系统的脱氮除磷效率。试验结果表明：在厌氧/缺氧/好氧体积比为1/1/2、HRT为8 h、污泥回流比为70%、内回流比为300%的工况下处理C/N为7.89的生活污水,TN和SOP去除率分别能够达到85.4%和93.3%,系统中存在反硝化除磷,缺氧吸磷占总吸磷量的25.3%。同样的运行条件下处理C/N为4.20的生活污水时,SOP去除几乎不受影响,但TN去除率降低至62.2%,平均出水TN浓度也超过20 mg&#8226;L^-1。维持厌氧区体积不变,增大缺氧区体积,使得缺氧/好氧体积比为5/8时,TN去除率可上升到70.7%,缺氧吸磷占总吸磷量的55.2%。同时改变内回流比的试验表明250%的内回流比能最大程度地强化反硝化除磷的作用,此时TN去除率可提高至77.3%。强化A²O工艺中的反硝化除磷,能克服碳源不足对脱氮除磷的影响,显著提高低C/N比污水的脱氮除磷效率。     

Biological nutrient removal characteristics of low strength municipal wastewater

Most Korean community represents the primary effluent of 180 mg/L COD, 80 mg/L BOD, 25 mg/L TKN and 4 mg/L TP. A/O, A²/O and MUCT (Modified University of Cape Town) systems were applied to laboratory scale reactor with a temperature of 10 to 20°C. A total of 6 hour hydraulic retention time including anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic zones was used with a maximum 3,000 mg/L MLSS to simulate the existing municipal plants. All BNR systems represented effluent BOD less than 10 mg/L. MUCT produced better quality; 0.5 mg/L SP (soluble phosphorus) with 10 mg/L TN vs 1.8 mg/L SP with 12 mg/L TN for A²/O with the same internal recycle ratio. Performance of BNR systems would suggest the primary effluent used for this study represents a nature of slowly biodegradable COD. As that result, anaerobic fraction must be increased to attain lower effluent P concentrations. However, prefermentation to increase Premoval was not necessary since P was also limited. Microbial mass fractions computed from COD and nitrogen mass balances suggested that poly-P microbes were about 33% in A/O and MUCT, denitrifier fractions were about 30% in A²/O and MUCT. Nitrifier fractions were about 2%.     

低碳氮比城市污水短程生物脱氮试验研究

在常温下对低碳氮比城市污水进行了短程生物脱氮中试研究.当进水COD为130～210 mg/L、m(COD):m(TN)为3.2～4.5、水温19～23 ℃时,通过控制低氧曝气区的DO为0.2～0.6 mg/L,在低氧-好氧(LO)和缺氧-低氧-好氧(ALO)两种工艺中均实现了短程硝化反硝化过程.当HRT为8 h、污泥回流比和内回流比分别为1和2、MLVSS为1 900 mg/L时,LO、ALO工艺的TN去除率分别达到64%和74%.     

Simultaneous organic and nutrient removal from municipal wastewater by BSACNR process

Biological nutrient removal was investigated under a biological synthetic activated ceramic nutrient removal (BSACNR) process. Tests were made to establish whether organic compounds and nutrients (N, P) from municipal wastewater were eliminated effectively in a lab-scale BSACNR process by increasing the hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 4 hr to 10 hr. In the system, synthetic activated ceramic (SAC) media were packed in each reactor for attached growth of both nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria; the sludge of the clarifier was returned to the anaerobic reactor to release phosphate. In this configuration, nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal could be performed at their respective conditions. The influent was synthetic wastewater, and the mean concentration of COD, NH⁺ ₄ -N and T-P in the influent was about 200 mg/L, 20 mg/L and 8 mg/L, respectively. At a total HRT of the system of 4-10 hr, the system worked successfully obtaining the removal of COD, NH⁺ ₄-N, T-N and T-P: 90.5-97.5%, 72.9-94.4%, 56.5-73.7% and 36.0-61.1%, respectively. The results of this research show that a biological synthetic activated ceramic nutrient removal (BSACNR) process packed with SAC media could be applicable for treatment of organic and nutrient from municipal wastewater.     

Optimization of biological nutrient removal in a pilot plant UCT-MBR treating municipal wastewater during start-up

This study shows that an MBR pilot plant with UCT configuration is able to obtain high nutrient removal efficiency already during start-up. The biological nutrient removal (BNR) efficiencies significantly increased towards the end of the experimental run, achieving a COD removal efficiency exceeding 94% and N removal efficiency in the range of 89 to 93%. P removal efficiencies in the range of 80 to 92% have been obtained. During the experimental period (4 months) the evolution of the activity of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms, obtained from P_release and P_uptake rates, showed a small increase in the activity of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) and denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (DPAOs). The specific phosphate accumulation at the end of the experimental run amounted to 8.0 mg P g^− 1VSS h^− 1 and 3.29 mg P g^− 1VSS h^− 1, for the PAOs and DPAOs respectively. Moreover, the DPAOs activity increased faster than PAOs activity, i.e. from 0.36 to 0.41 of phosphate uptake rate (PUR) ratio.     

同步硝化反硝化SBBR处理低C/N比生活污水的启动与稳定运行

以低C/N比实际生活污水为处理对象,聚氨酯海绵填料为生物载体（填料填充率25%）,采用逐步提高氮负荷的方式,在较短的时间内（98 d）成功启动了同步硝化反硝化（simultaneous nitrification and denitrification,SND）的序批式生物膜反应器（sequencing batch biofilm reactor,SBBR）。实时定量PCR（real-time qualitative polymerase chain reaction,real-time qPCR）结果表明系统内硝化菌得到富集。在稳定运行期间,系统对有机物及氮的去除效果良好,平均出水COD、NH₄⁺-N、TN分别为38.28 mg·L^-1、1.23 mg·L^-1、8.23 mg·L^-1。微生物将大部分碳源以聚羟基脂肪酸酯（poly-β-hydroxyalkanoate,PHA）的形式储存至体内,系统内NO₃^--N的去除主要通过内源反硝化作用,且反硝化过程基本无NO₂^--N积累,平均SND率为70.57%,TN去除率高达82.95%。由于硝化反应和反硝化反应在同一反应器内同时进行,反硝化过程产生的碱度可补充硝化过程消耗的碱度,维持系统内pH的相对稳定。此外,可以通过DO和pH的变化判断SND的进行状态,有效地控制反应时间,节省动力消耗。     

Performance and microbial population variation in a plug‐flow A2O process treating domestic wastewater with low C/N ratio

BACKGROUND: In this study, a plug‐flow A²O (anaerobic/anoxic/oxic) reactor, with a working volume of 52.5 L, was employed to investigate the performance of biological nutrients removal and microbial population variations when treating low C/N ratio domestic wastewater. RESULTS: Results showed that TN removal was significantly affected by the shortage of carbon source while phosphorus removal was only slightly affected. The effluent soluble orthophosphate‐phosphorus (SOP) concentration was lower than 0.50 mg L^?1 but the TN concentration was over 20 mg L^?1 when the C/N ratio was 4.43. There was denitrifying phosphorus removal in the anoxic reactor and this was enhanced by increasing the volume ratio of anoxic reactor and maintaining appropriate mixed liquor recycle rate. More than 60% of the SOP were removed in anoxic reactors by denitrifying phosphorus removal when the volume ratio of anaerobic/anoxic/oxic was 1/1.4/1.6 and the mixed liquor recycle rate was 250%. The TN concentration of effluent decreased to 11.34 mg L^?1 and SOP concentration was still lower than 0.5 mg L^?1 in this condition. The main microorganisms found in the process by polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE) and the functional biodiversity are discussed. CONCLUSION: Traditional design and operating parameters of A²O are not appropriate for treating low C/N wastewater. Enhancing the denitrifying phosphorus removal ratio in an A²O process is an effective way to increase the removal rate of N and P from low C/N wastewater. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

碳氮比对A-O-N工艺脱氮效果的影响

研究了A-O-N生物脱氮工艺中,污水的碳氮比对脱氮的影响。试验结果表明,由于A-O-N工艺将异养菌和自养硝化菌分别置于两个反应器中,使其在各自适宜的环境中生存,两者之间不存在竞争问题,硝化率不受进水碳氮比的影响,进水碳氮质量比为5.1时脱氮效果最佳,继续增大进水碳氮比,硝化率和脱氮率均不受影响,进水碳氮质量比在2.2￣9.8变化时,TN去除率与碳氮比呈正相关性(R2为0.999)。     

木质填料床A/O系统处理低C/N比养猪废水的效能与脱氮机制

针对干清粪式养猪废水 浓度高和低C/N比的特点构建了四格室木质填料床A/O处理系统,通过调控运行探讨其除氮效能和机制。结果表明,在HRT 18.7 h、32℃、硝化液回流比200%、好氧区DO 1.5 mg·L^-1等条件下,即便进水 高达307.7 mg·L^-1,COD/TN平均为0.47,系统对COD、 和TN的去除率仍能维持在66.5%、93.6%和89.0%左右,TN去除负荷达到0.22 kg·m^-3·d^-1以上。系统对COD和TN的去除表现出一定的空间分区特征,其中前三厌氧格室是去除COD主要功能区,末端好氧格室是脱氮功能区。系统的脱氮机制以短程硝化反硝化为主,枯木填料的腐解为反硝化提供了必要的碳源。