熔盐法制备Fe_2O_3-ATP及零价汞催化氧化性能研究

采用熔盐法合成特殊网状结构的氧化铁改性凹凸棒土催化剂(Fe_2O_3-ATP),在模拟烟气条件下考察了100²60℃催化剂的Hg260℃催化剂的Hg⁰氧化性能。结果表明,220℃下,Fe_2O_3-ATP的Hg0氧化性能。结果表明,220℃下,Fe_2O_3-ATP的Hg⁰氧化效率为90.30%。此外,烟气成分对于Hg0氧化效率为90.30%。此外,烟气成分对于Hg⁰氧化影响较大,Cl2是促进Hg0氧化影响较大,Cl2是促进Hg⁰氧化最有效的烟气成分。     

Fe_2O_3/硅藻土催化剂同时脱除煤气中气态Hg~0和H_2S

采用等体积浸渍法制备了Fe_2O_3/硅藻土催化剂。研究了在模拟煤气气氛下,催化剂对Hg~0和H_2S吸附的影响,其中,主要考查了Fe_2O_3负载量、反应温度、气氛、空速以及Hg~0浓度的影响。结果表明,随着负载量的增加,催化剂脱除Hg~0的能力先增加后减小,Fe_2O_3负载量为8%时,脱除Hg~0的能力最好。在50℃~300℃的范围内,催化剂在150℃时,脱除Hg~0和H_2S的能力较好。H2_S和O_2促进了催化剂对Hg~0的脱除。低空速、低汞浓度下,有利于催化剂对Hg~0和H_2S的脱除。     

UV/TiO_2光催化氧化工艺脱汞的试验研究

UV/TiO_2光催化技术在TiO_2催化剂的作用下可将烟气中Hg~0氧化脱除。利用自制的UV/TiO_2氧化试验台研究了影响Hg~0去除率的相关因素,结果表明,在无催化剂和有紫外灯情况下可脱除少量Hg~0;Hg~0去除率随催化剂活性组分含量的增加而上升,但上升速率逐渐下降;在温度(50～200)℃范围内,Hg~0去除率无明显变化;Hg~0去除率随着Hg~0初始浓度的升高逐渐下降;Hg~0去除率随着烟气中氧含量先上升后趋于不变。UV/TiO_2氧化工艺脱汞可为燃煤电厂烟气脱汞提供理论指导。     

UV/H_2O_2高级氧化工艺脱汞试验研究

烟气中的汞污染是燃煤电厂污染源之一,将烟气中的Hg~0氧化脱除是脱汞的重要思路。采用光化学鼓泡反应器研究UV/H_2O_2高级氧化工艺脱汞过程,结果表明,增加UV的功率可以提高Hg~0去除率;随着H_2O_2浓度提高,Hg~0去除率先上升后趋于下降;随着Hg~0初始浓度提高,Hg~0去除率呈下降趋势;而Hg~0去除率与溶液体积成正比。该UV/H_2O_2高级氧化工艺可为燃煤电厂烟气脱汞提供新思路。     

不同烟气组分对粉状活性焦吸附汞的影响机理

在模拟燃煤热烟气为热源和介质条件下,以准东褐煤为原料,通过一维沉降炉进行炭化活化(一步法)制备粉状活性焦,考察了活性焦对Hg~0的吸附能力,探索了SO_2、H_2O、O_2、CO_2、H_2O+O_2、SO_2+O_2及H_2O+SO_2+O_2气氛对活性焦吸附Hg~0的影响机理。结果表明:一步法获得的活性焦对Hg~0具有较高的吸附性能。N_2气氛作对比,H_2O、H_2O+O_2、CO_2和SO_2气氛下抑制活性焦对Hg~0的吸附;O_2、SO_2+O_2和H_2O+SO_2+O_2促进活性焦对Hg~0的吸附。通过Hg 4f的XPS分析证明了不同气氛组成对活性焦吸附Hg~0的抑制和促进机理。H_2O覆盖在活性焦活性位上和堵塞孔隙而抑制活性焦对Hg~0的吸附;SO_2与Hg~0在活性焦上发生竞争吸附而抑制对Hg~0的吸附;CO_2吸附在活性焦微孔上而抑制对Hg~0的吸附;O_2气氛下主要形成了HgO, SO_2+O_2气氛下Hg~0被氧化成HgSO_3,进一步氧化成HgSO_4; H_2O+SO_2+O_2气氛下,Hg~0被氧化成HgO和HgSO_4。     

基于Fe_2O_3-V_2O_5-ZnO的奇台风化煤催化氧化工艺及其结构表征

采用Fe_2O_3-V_2O_5-ZnO复合固体酸催化剂,对奇台风化煤进行催化氧化制备腐植酸。通过正交实验对催化氧化工艺条件进行了优化,并且采用XRD、TEM研究了Fe_2O_3-V_2O_5-ZnO催化剂的微观结构及形貌。结果表明,在酸煤比4∶l(v/w),反应温度80℃,反应时间2h,Fe_2O_3-V_2O_5-ZnO催化剂用量3%时腐植酸产率可达77.5%,表明Fe_2O_3-V_2O_5-ZnO催化剂能显著提高腐植酸的产率。微观结构分析表明Fe_2O_3-V_2O_5-ZnO复合固体酸催化剂结晶性较好,同时具有良好的分散性。     

O_2/CO_2气氛下煤中汞的释放特性

在立式管式炉实验装置上研究了O_2/CO_2气氛下煤中汞释放特性,考察了21%O_2/79%N_2和21%O_2/79%CO_2两种气氛下Hg~0(g)的释放特性、富氧气氛下O_2和CO_2浓度对Hg~0(g)释放特性的影响。结果表明:汞质量平衡率为83.75%~114.1%,验证了实验结果的准确性。在250~400℃之间,O_2/N_2气氛中Hg~0(g)的释放浓度高于O_2/CO_2气氛;在400~600℃范围内,O_2/CO_2气氛中Hg~0(g)的释放浓度略高于O_2/N_2气氛;富氧气氛下O_2浓度越高,Hg~0(g)的释放浓度越低,O_2对Hg~0(g)的氧化具有促进作用;富氧气氛下CO_2浓度由0升至30%时,其浓度变化对Hg~0(g)氧化的影响不大,而由30%升至50%时,Hg~0(g)的释放浓度增加,高浓度的CO_2可能会抑制Hg~0(g)的氧化。     

Fe_3O_4协同H_2O_2气相高级氧化单质汞的机理

利用密度泛函理论分别研究了H_2O_2分子在Fe_3O_4(111)、(110)和(001)表面分解特性,并对单质汞在H_2O_2/Fe_3O_4体系的反应特性进行了研究。对比不同构型的结合能、Mulliken电荷转移和分态密度分析,详细讨论了H_2O_2分解产生羟基的规律以及Hg0的氧化态中间产物成键特性。结果表明:H_2O_2分子在Fe_3O_4(111)、(001)A和(110)A表面更容易分解产生羟基;不同表面产生的羟基对Hg0具有不同的氧化活性;Hg~0在表面羟基的作用下可有效通过电荷转移实现氧化。对比分析了三种表面汞氧化态中间产物的脱附路径,HO—Hg—OH和Hg—OH的表面脱附是主要的反应路径。     

常温催化去除封闭体系空气中一氧化碳的研究

考察催化氧化CO的Au/Fe_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂,在不同焙烧温度、质量、温度、湿度下活性的变化,以此筛选能使Au/Fe_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂保持高活性、好的稳定性、实用型强等性能的反应条件。另外,用同样的实验步骤再次制备Au/Fe_2O_3/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂,考察催化剂重复利用性。研究结果表明,300℃焙烧的催化剂具有良好的活性;密闭舱中催化剂的用量需要根据风机的功率和催化剂的空速来确定;密闭舱中湿度为50%时,催化剂能表示出较好的催化性能;密闭舱中温度低也能增强催化剂的催化性能,本实验中,14℃时催化剂表现出较高的活性。     

微纳米气泡耦合Fe_3O_4催化氧化吸收烟气中的NO

以Fe_3O_4作为催化剂,耦合微纳米气泡在SO_2存在的情况下催化氧化吸收烟气中的NO。研究了各种因素变化对Fe_3O_4耦合微纳米气泡催化氧化去除NO的影响。采用XRD、SEM、EDS和XPS表征手段对反应前后的Fe_3O_4进行了表征。结果表明,当Fe_3O_4投加量为5 g、pH为3、NO的进气量为50 mL/min时,NO的氧化吸收效率最高,达93.8%。Fe_3O_4同时含有Fe⁽²⁺⁾和Fe(2+)和Fe⁽³⁺⁾的特殊属性可促进NO的高效脱除,Fe_3O_4反应前后物相没有发生变化。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997