黄豆、豆浆、豆渣中黄豆苷、染料木苷、染料木素的含量测定

建立同时测定黄豆中黄豆苷、染料木苷、染料木素的RP-HPLC法,为豆类食品中以上有效化学成分的检测和合理食用提供参考。样品经80%甲醇超声提取15 min,采用Eclipse XDB-C_(18)(4.6 mm×250 mm,5.0μm)色谱柱,以甲醇∶0.1%磷酸=62.5∶37.5为流动相,流速为1.00 mL/min,进样量为10μL,检测波长为254 nm。以峰面积计算结果为黄豆苷、染料木苷、染料木素分别在0.5³2.0 mg/L,4.032.0 mg/L,4.0¹28.0 mg/L,0.1128.0 mg/L,0.1¹6.0 mg/L呈良好线性关系,相关系数r均为0.999 9;测定黄豆苷、染料木苷、染料木素的高、中、低浓度精密度均<2.0%,三成分的重现性精密度分别为1.67%,0.06%,0.07%,表明该方法精密度和重现性良好。测定黄豆样品中黄豆苷,染料木苷,染料木素的平均含量分别为724.3,1 306.7,16.0μg/g。黄豆苷在其豆浆和豆渣中含量分别为黄豆的39.6%,23.2%;染料木苷在其豆浆、豆渣中分别为黄豆的53.5%,34.9%;染料木素在豆渣中含量约占黄豆的43.1%,而豆浆中因浓度低而未检出。     

高效液相色谱法测定槐角中染料木素的含量

采用高效液相色谱法测定槐角中游离染料木素和总染料木素含量,为评价槐角的品质提供了科学的依据。采用Diamonsil C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水(60∶40),流速1.0 mL/min,检测器波长260 nm,柱温为30℃,加标回收率为90.6%～101.2%,RSD为3.89%和4.23%,2个槐角样品的总染料木素含量分别为4.65%和4.37%。该方法操作简便,准确可靠。     

染料木素复合微粒研究进展

介绍了染料木素自微乳系统、嵌段共聚物胶束、磷脂复合物、丙烯酸树脂纳米粒、环糊精复合物等复合微粒的研究现状,并指出染料木素复合微粒的发展趋势。     

染料木素结构修饰研究进展

异黄酮类化合物染料木素具有明显的雌激素样作用、抗癌、防治骨质疏松、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、降血脂、抗动脉粥样硬化等生理活性。近年来已逐渐成为国内外学者研究的热点。本文着重对染料木素的结构修饰进行了综述,以促进其研究和应用。     

染料木素复合微粒研究进展

介绍了染料木素自微乳系统、嵌段共聚物胶束、磷脂复合物、丙烯酸树脂纳米粒、环糊精复合物等复合微粒的研究现状,并指出染料木素复合微粒的发展趋势。     

染料木素的结构修饰及活性研究进展

该文对染料木素结构修饰及活性方面的研究进展进行了综述,包括染料木素的糖苷化,烷基化,羟基化,酯化,磺化等多种修饰,并讨论了结构修饰对染料木素生物活性的影响,包括抗肿瘤活性,抑菌活性等。目前,染料木素的结构修饰及衍生主要集中在C-5位酚羟基,C-7位酚羟基以及C-8上,所得的衍生物大多表现出较母体结构更好的生物活性。该文总结了现有结构修饰的不足之处,并对染料木素结构改造的发展方向进行了展望。     

正交实验法优化栀子豉汤口服液中栀子苷和染料木素的提取工艺和制备工艺的研究

确立栀子豉汤口服液中栀子苷和染料木素的最佳提取工艺和制备工艺。以栀子豉汤的栀子苷含量、染料木素含量作为评价指标,通过正交实验法对加水量、提取时间、提取次数进行考察,选取最佳提取工艺,以栀子苷和染料木素的含量作为水提取条件选定的指标,以回收乙醇后制剂的澄清度作为醇沉工艺选定的指标;通过对蔗糖用量的考察确立成型工艺。经实验最终确定栀子豉汤口服液的最佳制备工艺是300g栀子和200g豆豉粉碎后加入3000m L水浸泡75min、回流提取3次、每次1h,将3次药液合并,浓缩至相对密度1.05～1.15(80℃)的清膏,加乙醇使药液中乙醇浓度达到70%进行醇沉,后取上清液加150g蔗糖后定容至1000m L,灌装,湿热灭菌法灭菌,即得成品。该工艺既保证了有效成分的提取效果,又符合了现代制剂工艺的要求,为栀子豉汤口服液的量化生产以及高质量标准化制备流程的建立提供坚实的数据基础。     

染料木素金属配合物的抗氧化活性研究

以染料木素化合物为配体与铜、锌金属离子配位,合成出染料木素过渡金属配合物。利用红外、紫外光谱、元素分析及摩尔电导等方法,对染料木素及其配合物进行了结构表征。此外,对配体及其金属配合物进行了抗氧化能力的测定。结果表明:金属离子与染料木素配体的协同作用可提高其抗氧化活性的能力。     

聚合物纳米微球分离纯化染料木素的工艺条件优化

采用聚合物纳米微球分离纯化大豆中的染料木素,研究了聚合物纳米微球型号、洗脱液体积分数、洗脱速度、载样量（样品与填料的质量体积比,g∶mL,下同）对分离纯化效果的影响。确定最佳工艺如下：采用PS25-300型聚合物纳米微球作层析介质、洗脱液乙醇的体积分数为60%、洗脱速度为2BV.h-1、载样量为1∶200,在此条件下,层析收率大于75%、纯度大于98%。该工艺过程简单、易操作、产品收率高且质量可控,可用于高纯度染料木素的分离纯化。     

染料木素对大豆胞囊线虫的防控效果评价

[目的]为了评价染料木素对大豆胞囊线虫的防控效果.[方法]测定染料木素对大豆胞囊线虫的致死率及对卵孵化的抑制效果,并进行温室试验.[结果]处理72 h,100 mg/L染料木素对大豆胞囊线虫的校正死亡率为56.94％,LC50值为67.79 mg/L;对散卵粒的抑制率达53.04％,对褐色和白色胞囊中的卵孵化抑制率分别...     

Hypolipidemic action of the soybean isoflavones genistein and genistin in glomerulonephritic rats

Effects of genistein and its glycoside genistin were studied in nephritic rats with endogenous hyperlipidemia. Male Wistar rats with glomerulonephritis caused by a single intravenous injection of nephrotoxic serum were orally given 5 mg of genistein or 8 mg of genistin/d/100 g body weight for 12 d. These isoflavones suppressed nephritis-induced severe hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, and their hypolipidemic action was almost identical. Fecal steroid excretion was unchanged by administration of the two isoflavones. Genistein inhibited the incorporation of [1-¹⁴C]acetate into cholesterol and FA in liver slices from nephritic rats when added to an incubation buffer, whereas genistin did not. These results suggest that genistin may be hydrolyzed to genistein and that genistein itself and/or its metabolite(s) may be intracorporal entities suppressing hepatic lipid syntheses. They also suggest that the suppression of hepatic lipid synthesis may be one mechanism of the hypolipidemic action of genistein.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定绿豆、黄豆中铜、锌的含量

采用火焰原子吸收法对陕西渭南产绿豆、黄豆中的Cu、Zn微量元素的含量进行了测定。结果表明,该地产的黄豆、绿豆中Cu和Zn的含量较高,该方法测定的精密度高(RSD<3%),样品的加标回收率在96%～102%,测定结果准确可靠,为当地豆资源的开发推介提供了依据。     

均匀设计与正交设计联用优选大叶千斤拔的微波辅助提取工艺研究

通过均匀设计与正交设计联用,优选大叶千斤拔中染料木素和染料木苷的微波辅助提取工艺。在微波功率700 W的条件下,以染料木素和染料木苷得率为考察指标,对解析剂比、微波时间、液料比、提取温度、提取时间5个因素进行均匀设计,并在此基础上选取因素水平范围进行正交实验。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为:微波功率700 W,提取温度80℃,解析剂水用量7∶1 m L/g,微波时间120 s,液料比35∶1 m L/g,提取时间50 min。该工艺条件下,染料木素和染料木苷得率为1.380 4 mg/g。微波辅助提取法具有省时高效、提取物品质好等优点。正交设计与均匀设计联用是优选提取工艺的好方法,具有实验次数少、药材用量小、优选工艺可靠等优点,特别适用于珍贵药材有效成分的提取工艺研究。     

均匀设计与正交设计联用优选大叶千斤拔的微波辅助提取工艺研究

通过均匀设计与正交设计联用,优选大叶千斤拔中染料木素和染料木苷的微波辅助提取工艺。在微波功率700 W的条件下,以染料木素和染料木苷得率为考察指标,对解析剂比、微波时间、液料比、提取温度、提取时间5个因素进行均匀设计,并在此基础上选取因素水平范围进行正交实验。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为:微波功率700 W,提取温度80℃,解析剂水用量7∶1 m L/g,微波时间120 s,液料比35∶1 m L/g,提取时间50 min。该工艺条件下,染料木素和染料木苷得率为1.380 4 mg/g。微波辅助提取法具有省时高效、提取物品质好等优点。正交设计与均匀设计联用是优选提取工艺的好方法,具有实验次数少、药材用量小、优选工艺可靠等优点,特别适用于珍贵药材有效成分的提取工艺研究。     

Effect of soybean phytoalexins on the herbivorous insects mexican bean beetle and soybean looper

Effects of soybean phytoalexins on the feeding of the soybean looper and Mexican bean beetle were investigated to test the hypothesis that phytoalexins might be a defense mechanism of plants against insects as well as against pathogens. Short-term behavioral responses to the phytoalexins were analyzed using dual-choice tests with phytoalexin-rich and phytoalexin-poor (control) tissues. Phytoalexin production was elicited with ultraviolet radiation. Results from the dual-choice tests indicated that 6th instar soybean looper larvae fed equally on the control and phytoalexin-rich tissues. Feeding by adult and 4th instar Mexican bean beetles, however, was strongly deterred by the phytoalexins as evidenced by “single-bite” mandible scars on the phytoalexin-rich cotyledon discs. Nutritional effects of the isoflavonoid phytoalexin glyceollin on early instar soybean looper larvae were tested by incorporating the phytoalexin into an artificial medium at a level of 1% dry weight (0.15% fresh weight). The larvae were reared for 7 days from emergence on diets of control and glyceollin-containing media. Although survival on the glyceollin diets was initially less than on the control diets, under the experimental conditions glyceollin had no significant effect on the growth, development, or subsequent survival of the larvae. Efficiency of food utilization (ECI) was reduced, indicating that the phytoalexins may be a mild digestibility-reducing factor for the loopers. Implications of the results for host-plant resistance are discussed.     

Unusual composition of sterols in a phytophagous insect,Mexican bean beetle reared on soybean plants

Three saturated sterols, cholestanol, campestanol, and stigmastanol, constituted 54, 72, and 77% of the total sterols of the egg, prepupa, and adult, respectively, of the Mexican bean beetle,Epilachna varivestis (Mulsant), reared on soybean plants. Lathosterol (7-cholesten-3β-ol), possibly formed from cholestanol in this insect, constituted 12, 16, and 11.8% of the total sterols isolated from egg, prepupa, and adult, respectively. None of these sterols have been isolated and identified previously as components of the sterols of a phytophagous insect reared on a natural host plant. Cholesterol, a major sterol of most plant feeding insects studied thus far, comprised less than 5% of the total sterols in any of the stages examined. The unique composition of the sterols in this insect in relation to the sterol composition of the host plant is compared to dietary sterol utilization and metabolism in other phytophagous insects. ARS, USDA.     

Inducible versus constitutive PI 227687 soybean resistance to mexican bean beetle,Epilachna varivestis

Contrary to constitutive resistance, inducible resistance to Mexican bean beetle (MBB) (Epilachna varivestis) herbivory in PI 227687 soybean leaves was positively correlated with total phenolic content and temporally unique, increasedl-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) andl-tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL) activities. Initial expression of the induced resistance was localized at or near the site of herbivory. Systemic parameters of the induced resistance also were observed. Inducible MBB resistance in PI 227687 soybeans apparently involves increased phenylpropanoid metabolism.