磺化聚醚醚酮/聚乙烯复合膜的制备及对生菜的贮藏保鲜

以磺化聚醚醚酮（SPEEK）为涂层,聚乙烯（PE）为基底,制备了自发式气体调节SPEEK/PE复合膜,研究不同磺化度SPEEK对SPEEK/PE复合膜的透气性、透湿性、防雾性能等气调特性的影响,并将SPEEK/PE复合膜应用于生菜的气调气调保藏。结果表明,与SPEEK膜相比,不同磺化度SPEEK/PE气调复合膜对CO2和O2的透气系数均有轻微下降,SPEEK/PE复合膜对CO2/O2的分离系数从0.73增加到5.58。不同磺化度的SPEEK/PE复合膜对水蒸气的透过系数在1.50×10-14~4.00×10-14 g?cm/(cm?s?Pa)之间,与SPEEK膜2.00×10-12~2.46×10-12 g?cm/(cm?s?Pa)相比,水蒸气透过系数下降两个数量级,且SPEEK/PE复合膜具有良好的防雾性能。高磺化度SPEEK/PE复合膜对生菜具有良好的气调保藏效果,与空白对照和PE膜组相比,保藏20 d后生菜失重率分别降低92.25%、22.06%,叶绿素损失分别减少85.00%、50.00%,总酚含量下降分别减少73.97%、26.98%,维生素C含量损失分别降低50.00%、31.48%,可溶性固形物含量下降分别减少67.21%、21.31%。4 ℃时SPEEK/PE复合膜能将生菜保藏环境中的CO2和O2含量分别维持在10.00%~12.00%和4.00%~5.00%,并将生菜保藏期期延长到20 d。     

紫外照射下聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯/纳米复合膜的性能和纳米成分的迁移

为探究紫外光（ultraviolet,UV）照射对聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯（poly (butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate),PBAT）的影响,本实验研究了PBAT/纳米ZnO和PBAT/纳米TiO2复合膜的性能及纳米成分在UV照射前后向3 g/100 mL乙酸溶液迁移的情况,并通过衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱、场发射扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射表征并分析变化原因。结果表明,未经UV照射时,两种纳米颗粒的加入对复合膜阻隔性的影响较小,纳米ZnO使复合膜的拉伸强度下降22.88%～40.99%,断裂伸长率下降至纯PBAT的86.07%～90.98%,最大迁移量为11.82 mg/kg。纳米TiO2的加入对复合膜的拉伸强度影响较小,断裂伸长率下降至纯PBAT的73.48%～87.18%,未检测到其迁出（方法检出限为0.009 mg/kg）。随UV照射时间延长,复合膜的断裂伸长率和拉伸强度均逐渐降低,但相同照射时间下,PBAT/纳米ZnO力学性能的下降程度低于纯PBAT和PBAT/纳米TiO2。在UV照射2 d后,复合膜的透氧系数显著增大（P＜0.05）,透湿系数变化较小;纳米ZnO的最大迁移量为16.66 mg/kg,而仍未检测到纳米TiO2迁出;且复合膜酯键断裂,结晶度降低,表面变得粗糙,产生破裂的孔洞。综上,UV照射破坏了PBAT纳米复合膜的结构,使其性能降低,纳米ZnO可在一定程度上抑制复合膜力学性能的下降,但其迁移量会逐渐增加。     

PLA/PBAT复合膜制备技术及其在食品包装中的应用前景

聚乳酸（PLA）作为可再生可降解的环境友好型新材料,具有极大的环境和经济价值,但其脆性较大成为限制其发展的主要原因,为解决聚乳酸（PLA）韧性差这一问题,将PLA与聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二酯（PBAT）共混可显著增强其韧性。PLA/PBAT复合膜作为一种生物可降解材料,因其具有原料丰富、成本低廉和环境友好等优点被广泛应用。该文概述了PLA/PBAT复合膜的不同制备方法及工艺研究现状。总结了复合膜的改性技术包括无机填料、扩链增容、交联剂改性、淀粉改性和协同改性等。最后介绍了PLA/PBAT复合膜在食品包装中的潜在应用及发展前景,以期为PLA/PBAT复合膜在未来食品包装中的研究提供理论参考和新思路。     

可食性肉桂精油复合膜的制备及其缓释性能

为了拓展肉桂精油（cinnamon essential oil, CEO）的应用途径,将CEO作为活性物质加入到氧化羟丙基木薯淀粉中,制备出复合膜。以力学性能、阻隔性能作为测试指标,通过单因素和正交试验优化CEO膜制备工艺,并测定其在不同食品模拟物中的释放速率。结果表明,淀粉质量分数为5.0%（m/v,以蒸馏水体积为基准）,CEO、甘油、吐温-80质量分数分别为1.5%、1.0%、1.0%（m/v,以淀粉溶液体积为基准）时,制得薄膜性能最好,断裂伸长率和抗拉强度较大,分别为27.87%和1.42 MPa,水蒸气透过系数与透油数较小,为1.27×10?12 g·cm/cm2·s·Pa和0.2131 g·mm/mm2·d,透光率30.56%;在同种食品模拟物中,CEO的释放量达到最大值的时间随着CEO含量增多而延长;在不同食品模拟物中,CEO在水包油乳状液和含酒精食品模拟物中释放速率最快,在脂肪食品模拟物中最慢。结果表明CEO可改善淀粉基膜的阻隔性能和机械性能,制备出的CEO膜有利于油脂类食品的包装,CEO可以缓慢释放,较长时间发挥活性作用。     

茶多糖对海藻酸钠—淀粉—茶末复合膜性能的影响

目的:开发绿色环保海藻酸钠—淀粉—茶末复合膜。方法:向海藻酸钠—淀粉—茶末复合膜中添加不同质量分数的茶多糖,探究其对复合膜全红外阻隔率、色差、水溶性、水蒸气透过系数、力学性能、厚度、含水率、自由基清除率、抑菌性等性能的影响。结果:茶多糖和海藻酸钠有很强的相互作用。当茶多糖质量分数为5.00%时,复合膜拉伸强度最大,为9.71 MPa;断裂伸长率最大,为25.42%,水蒸气透过系数最小,为2.38×10^-9 g·mm/(cm²·d·Pa),此时其抑菌性能最好。复合膜的抗氧化性随茶多糖添加量的增加而增加,最高可达85.49%。结论:茶多糖对复合膜理化性质及抑菌抗氧化性能均有一定影响。当茶多糖质量分数为5.00%时,复合膜具有最佳的力学性能、阻湿性能及抑菌性能。     

硼酸交联对挤出吹塑变性淀粉/聚乙烯醇复合膜性能的影响

为了提高淀粉基复合膜的阻水性,拓宽淀粉膜的应用范围,以羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯与聚乙烯醇(PVA)为成膜原料,硼酸为交联剂,采用挤出吹塑工艺制备了淀粉/PVA复合膜。分析了粒料的流变性能,研究了淀粉膜的交联密度、力学性能、阻隔性能、疏水性能以及微观形貌等性质。结果表明,随着硼酸添加量的增加,淀粉/PVA复合材料的熔体流动性下降,淀粉/PVA复合膜的阻氧、阻水性能增强,而淀粉膜的抗拉强度和拉伸模量呈降低趋势,断裂伸长率先升高后降低。添加1%的硼酸,淀粉/PVA复合膜的表面更加均匀平整,疏水性最强,具有最小的溶胀度、最大的凝胶质量和最高的交联密度。     

海藻酸钠-结冷胶复合膜的性能与应用研究

将海藻酸钠-结冷胶复合膜与其他海藻酸钠复合膜进行性能对比,突出优越性,同时探究该复合膜的应用方向。选取明胶和硬脂酸分别与海藻酸钠复合成膜,测定不同膜液总浓度、组分比例、交联浓度条件下的透水率和溶胀度情况,和海藻酸钠-结冷胶复合膜进行抗水性对比;测试该复合膜的耐油性和耐盐水情况以考察在其他方面的可应用性。结果表明:海藻酸钠-结冷胶复合膜相对其他两种复合膜抗水性更高,在油温超过80℃后透油率和溶胀度趋于稳定,分别为2.867×10^-7 g/(m·s·Pa)和11.13%;其对盐水的阻隔性能对盐水浓度的变化不敏感,透水率和溶胀度分别为7.78×10^-7 g/(m·s·Pa)、71.9%。     

超声改性对壳聚糖/淀粉复合膜特性的影响

壳聚糖/淀粉复合膜作为一种绿色环保的包装材料已被广泛应用于食品包装,但其力学性能较弱的特点限制了其应用范围。该文利用超声对壳聚糖/淀粉复合膜进行改性,比较了不同超声频率改性后的复合膜的力学性能、阻隔性能、表面结构、二级结构、热稳定性以及生物活性,旨在探究不同超声条件对复合膜特性的影响。结果表明,复合膜的抗拉强度及断裂伸长率随着超声强度的增加呈现先增强后减弱的趋势。经过28 kHz超声处理后的复合膜,抗拉强度能提升157%;二级结构、微观结构、热稳定结果也显示其具有更加稳定的内部结构;且其抑菌性及抗氧化性也优于其他组。该研究证明了超声改性能提高复合膜性能,研究结果为壳聚糖/淀粉复合膜的有效应用提供理论基础。     

鱼腥草提取液-壳聚糖抗菌复合膜对低温贮藏蓝莓的保鲜作用

为了提高蓝莓保鲜效果,该研究制备含有不同质量浓度鱼腥草提取液的抗菌复合膜。实验测试薄膜的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、光线透过率、水蒸气透过率和抗菌率,并将蓝莓果实涂膜处理后存储于4 ℃冷藏条件下,测定各组蓝莓果实的硬度、失重率、总可溶固体物（TSS）、可滴定酸（TA）、花青素含量、抗坏血酸（Vc）含量、丙二醛（MDA）含量和多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性等指标。研究发现：当鱼腥草提取液浓度为0.06 g/mL时,抗菌率提高至77.40%,薄膜拉伸强度提高至21.92 MPa,断裂伸长率为17.13%,光线透过率为80.20%,水蒸气透过率为2.55×10-10 g/(m?s?Pa),综合性能表现最佳;经20 d贮藏后,蓝莓果实的硬度为1.17 kg/cm2,失重率为5.80%,可溶性固形物为0.13%,可滴定酸降低至4.57×10-2 mmol/g,花青素含量提高至2.40 mg/g,Vc含量为19.50 mg/100 g,丙二醛含量为13.30 μmol/g,多酚氧化酶活性为3600 U/(min?mg)。研究表明：添加0.06 g/mL鱼腥草提取液能有效提升抗菌复合膜的综合性能,对蓝莓具有较好的保鲜效果,可以有效地维持蓝莓果实品质,延长货架期近10 d。     

3 种工况下PBAT/PLA材料中抗氧剂168及其降解产物的迁移

采用气相色谱-质谱法研究抗氧剂168及其降解产物从不同工况（紫外、高湿、盐雾）处理下的聚己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯/聚乳酸（poly(butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate)/polylactic acid,PBAT/PLA）复合膜中向脂肪类食品模拟物异辛烷的迁移规律,并对每个工况下复合膜的老化程度进行力学性能以及红外光谱表征。结果表明：紫外、高湿工况对PBAT/PLA复合膜降解影响较大。紫外2 d、高湿60 d、盐雾40 d后复合膜的拉伸强度在10、15、17 MPa左右,分别下降了61.1%、41.6%、35.9%,断裂伸长率分别下降了93.5%、34.1%、21.5%。抗氧剂质量分数对复合膜性能影响不显著（P＞0.05）。物质迁移量与其在迁移实验前复合膜中的含量呈正相关。未处理的复合膜中抗氧剂168迁移量最高,为85.39 mg/kg。随着复合膜老化抗氧剂降解产物的含量增加,主要产物为三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)磷酸酯,紫外工况下产生最多,迁移量为3.04～99.50 mg/kg。物质的迁出率受温度、含量以及复合膜老化程度三者同时影响。     

微波-超声波协同作用对大豆分离蛋白-壳聚糖复合膜性能的影响

本文利用微波-超声波协同作用对大豆分离蛋白-壳聚糖复合膜膜液进行处理,采用浇铸-蒸发方法制备了复合膜。研究了不同微波功率对复合膜的抗拉强度、断裂伸长率、水蒸气透过系数、气体透过率和透光率的影响,此外还进行了红外光谱和扫描电镜分析。结果表明,当微波功率为500 W时,复合膜的抗拉强度(TS)达到最大值21.98±0.54 MPa,其断裂伸长率(E)达到最小值13.48±0.01%;当功率为400 W时,其水蒸气透过系数(WVP)达到最小值为0.61±0.05×10-12 g/(cm·s·Pa),氧气透过率(OP)达到最小值为1.95±0.02×10-5 cm3/(m2·d·Pa);当功率为300 W时,二氧化碳透过率(CO2P)达到最小值1.58±0.12×10-5 cm3/(m2·d·Pa);通过红外光谱分析结果表明,复合膜机械性能及阻隔性能得到了改善,其原因可能是大豆分离蛋白和壳聚糖分子之间产生了氢键或共价键。本文研究结果可以为大豆分离蛋白-壳聚糖复合膜的实际应用提供理论依据。     

肉桂醛浓度对浓缩乳清蛋白/壳聚糖复合膜性能的影响

为了研究新型高性能抗菌包装材料,本文将肉桂醛添加到浓缩乳清蛋白/壳聚糖复合膜中制成抗菌复合膜,采用FT-IR对复合膜的微观结构进行表征,研究了肉桂醛浓度对复合膜厚度、透光率、机械性能、水蒸气透过系数、氧气透过率等性质的影响,以及其对复合膜抗菌性能的影响。肉桂醛与浓缩乳清蛋白/壳聚糖复合膜有很好的相容性。结果表明:随着肉桂醛浓度的增加,膜的透光率和抗拉强度减小,当肉桂醛浓度为0.3%时,膜的水蒸气透过系数最小,为1.15×10-13 g/(cm·s·Pa),当肉桂醛浓度为0.4%时,膜的厚度和氧气透过率最小,氧气透过率为1.1×10-5 cm3/(m2·d·Pa),当肉桂醛浓度为0.5%时,膜的断裂伸长率最大,为57.5%,膜的抑菌效力随着肉桂醛浓度的增大而显著增大。该研究可为肉桂醛/浓缩乳清蛋白/壳聚糖复合抗菌膜的生产工艺参数的优化提供新的参考。     

Water barrier and physical properties of starch/decolorized hsian-tsao leaf gum films: Impact of surfactant lamination

The moisture barrier and physical properties of bilayer films prepared by lamination of starch/decolorized hsian-tsao leaf gum (dHG) and surfactant layers were investigated. It was found that the water vapor permeability (WVP) of tapioca starch/dHG film (1.31 × 10^?10 g/m s Pa) pronouncedly decreased by the aid of a surfactant layer lamination (1.36–5.25 × 10^?12 g/m s Pa). The WVP of bilayer film increased with increasing the concentration of starch/dHG in the surfactant layer, but was not significantly influenced when it was thickened. The sorption isotherms of both monolayer and bilayer films made from starch/dHG showed typical behavior of water-vapor-sensitive hydrophilic biopolymers. However, the equilibrium moisture content of the monolayer film was significantly higher than that of bilayer films when water activity (a_w) reaches 0.33. Both the tensile and puncture force of starch/dHG films did not vary significantly by laminating a surfactant layer, indicating the mechanical strength of surfactant layer is relatively weak, and this surfactant layer mainly served as a barrier for moisture. When compared to emulsion-based starch/dHG films with surfactant, the surfactant laminated starch/dHG films showed higher water barrier property, mechanical strength, and transparency.     

高直链玉米淀粉/羟丙基甲基纤维素可食性膜的制备及性能研究

以高直链玉米淀粉(HACS)和羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)为主要成膜基材,采用溶液流延法制备了HACS/HPMC可食性膜。研究了不同配比的HACS与HPMC对可食性膜的结晶性能、力学性能、亲水性能和水蒸气阻隔性能等的影响。结果表明,随着HPMC比例的增大,HACS与HPMC之间的氢键作用减弱,复合膜的水溶性增大,连续相由HACS转变为HPMC,但HACS与HPMC的相容性变差。HPMC可有效降低可食性膜的结晶程度并抑制其在储藏过程中的老化。在复合膜中,当HACS与HPMC比例为8∶2时,可食性膜具有最大抗拉强度(7.5 MPa)、断裂伸长率(14.7%)、水接触角(84.33°)和最低水蒸气透过系数(2.17×10~(-10 )g·m·m~(-2)·s~(-1)·Pa~(-1))。纯HACS膜和纯HPMC膜的透光性能均优于HACS/HPMC复合膜。     

Biocomposite Films Based on κ-Carrageenan/Locust Bean Gum Blends and Clays: Physical and Antimicrobial Properties

The aims of this work were to evaluate the physical and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films composed of mixtures of κ-carrageenan (κ-car) and locust bean gum (LBG) when organically modified clay Cloisite 30B (C30B) was dispersed in the biopolymer matrix. Film-forming solutions were prepared by adding C30B (ranging from 0 to 16 wt.%) into the κ-car/LBG solution (40/60 wt.%) with 0.3 % (w/v) of glycerol. Barrier properties (water vapour permeability, P _vapour; CO₂ and O₂ permeabilities), mechanical properties (tensile strength, TS, and elongation-at-break, EB) and thermal stability of the resulting films were determined and related with the incorporation of C30B. Also, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was done in order to investigate the effect of C30B in film structure. Antimicrobial effects of these films against Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica were also evaluated. The increase of clay concentration causes a decrease of P _vapour (from 5.34?×?10^?11 to 3.19?×?10^?11 g (m s?Pa)^?1) and an increase of the CO₂ permeability (from 2.26?×?10^?14 to 2.91?×?10^?14 g (m s?Pa)^?1) and did not changed significantly the O₂ permeability for films with 0 and 16 wt.% C30B, respectively. Films with 16 wt.% clay exhibited the highest values of TS (33.82 MPa) and EB (29.82 %). XRD patterns of the films indicated that a degree of exfoliation is attained depending on clay concentration. κ-car/LBG–C30B films exhibited an inhibitory effect only against L. monocytogenes. κ-car/LBG–C30B composite films are a promising alternative to synthetic films in order to improve the shelf life and safety of food products.     

Physicochemical,Water Vapor Barrier and Mechanical Properties of Corn Starch and Chitosan Composite Films

Biodegradable flexible films were developed from corn starch (CS) and chitosan (CH); their microstructure, mechanical and barrier properties were evaluated. Chitosan and starch blend filmogenic suspensions showed a pseudoplastic behavior, similar to that of chitosan solutions. Smooth surfaces, homogeneous and compact film structures were observed from microstructure studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The addition of glycerol reduced film opacity and increased film solubility of both CS and composite CS‐CH films. Water vapor permeability values of composite CS‐CH films plasticized with glycerol ranged between 3.76 and 4.54× 10⁻¹¹ g s⁻¹ m⁻¹ Pa⁻¹, lower than those of the single component films. CS‐CH films were resistant and their flexibility increased with glycerol addition. Tensile strength values of CS‐CH films were comparable to those of low‐density and high‐density polyethylenes but lower than that obtained for cellophane, however, composite biodegradable films showed lower elongation at break values than the synthetic commercial ones. In conclusion, CS‐CH films can be described as biofilms with a homogeneous matrix, stable structure and interesting water barrier and mechanical properties, with great possibilities of utilization, and with the advantage of biodegradability.     

添加PBAT的PLA/PHB复合材料的性能研究

为探讨添加不同比例的PBAT对PLA/PHB复合薄膜性能的影响,将PBAT按一定比例与PLA/PHB共混,采用挤出吹塑法制得薄膜并测定其DSC、SEM、力学性能、透湿、透氧性能及其可降解性能。结果表明,PBAT含量为10%时,薄膜的透湿、透氧性能最好;PBAT含量为20%时,拉伸强度由原来的35.86MPa下降到20.75MPa,降幅达42%;而断裂伸长率随PBAT含量增加而增大;此外,其降解失重率也随PBAT含量的增大而变大。按一定比例在PLA/PHB中添加PBAT可以改善材料的性能。     

Effect of surfactants on water barrier and physical properties of tapioca starch/decolorized hsian-tsao leaf gum films

The objective of this research is to enhance the water barrier properties of tapioca starch/dHG edible films by incorporating sucrose ester surfactants with different HLB values. The moisture sorption isotherms, mechanical properties, microstructure and optical character of the resulting films were examined as well. It was found that the water barrier property of starch/dHG films is promoted significantly by surfactants, alongside a decreasing tendency in tensile strength and tensile strain at break. Scanning electron micrographs of the starch/dHG/surfactant composite films revealed the folded (multi-layer) microstructure in contrast to the homogeneous matrix of the control films. Starch/dHG/surfactant composite films show low opacity values. With increasing HLB value of the surfactant, the water vapor permeability and tensile strength of starch/dHG/surfactant composite films decrease. Moreover, the water vapor permeability, tensile strength, strain at break, and equilibrium moisture content of starch/dHG/surfactant composite films decrease when the surfactant content is increased, accompanied by an increasing tendency in opacity value. On the other hand, starch/dHG composite film with an emulsion of surfactant and beeswax shows a lower mechanical strength and significantly higher opacity value with less improvement in water vapor permeability.