电感耦合等离子体──原子发射光谱法测定稀土氧化物中铝

本文提出了稀土氧化物经化学处理后，用草酸将稀土沉淀后，用电感耦合等离子体──原子发射光谱法（ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）测定留在液相中的铝的分析方法，当试样浓度为２ｍｇ／ｍＬ时，铝的测定下限为０．１μｇ／ｍＬ当铝的含量为０．０２５％时，测量的相对标准偏差（ＲＳＤ）为５．５％，加料回收率为９８～１０１％，方法简便、准确。     

铑(Ⅲ)-耐尔蓝-高碘酸钾体系催化动力学光度法测定痕量铑

研究了催化动力学光度法测定痕量铑。在氯化钠存在的磷酸溶液中及加热条件下,铑（Ⅲ）对高碘酸钾氧化耐尔蓝褪色的反应具有催化作用．该催化反应对耐尔蓝或铑（Ⅲ）均为一级反应,表观活化能为６１．０ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ;ｌｏｇ（Ａｏ／Ａ）与铑（Ⅲ）浓度呈线性的范围为０～６．０μｇ／２５ｍＬ,检出限为３．８０×１０－１０ｇ／ｍＬ。本法用于实际样品中铑的测定,其相对标准偏差为２．４％～７．２％,标准加入回收率为９８．２％～１０１．２％。     

混合稀土抗菌活性测定及与抗生素联用效果

本项试验首次采用双层琼脂平板稀释法对混合稀土硝酸盐（ＲＥ（ＮＯ_３）_３·７Ｈ_２Ｏ）进行了抗菌活性最低抑菌浓度ＭＩＣ的测定，同时测定了混合稀土与抗生素联合应用的抗菌效果。结果表明混合稀土对金黄色葡萄球菌等６种标准菌的最低抑菌浓度ＭＩＣ在１０００～１５００μｇ／ｍＬ之间，已与化学类抗菌药物的抗菌效果接近；混合稀土与四环素类抗生素有着较好的协同抑菌作用。试验结果再次显示出混合稀土具有良好的药理学性质。所采用的试验方法对于进一步研究比较不同化学性质稀土间的抗菌作用强弱提供了可定量化检验测定的研究实验方法。     

内耦合萃反交替分离法从稀溶液中提取与富集稀土的研究

内耦合萃反交替分离法是本实验室发展起来的一种新型液膜分离法。本文较系统地探讨了该方法从稀溶液中提取与富集稀土的可能性。研究结果表明：对于１ｇ／Ｌ的稀土Ｌａ~（３＋）溶液，以１０％（Ｖ／Ｖ）的Ｐ２０４煤油溶液为有机相，内耦合萃反交替分离法的稀土提取率可达９９％，浓缩液中Ｌａ~（３＋）浓度可高达３５２ｇ／Ｌ（折合氧化稀土４１３ｇ／Ｌ），浓缩液剩余酸浓度低于０．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

PrCl_3对油松种子萌发及幼苗生长的生理生化效应

用不同浓度的ＰｒＣｌ３浸种油松种子，对油松种子萌发及幼苗生长细胞内代射有明显影响。种子发芽率提高，发芽速度加快，幼苗根系加株高增加，单株增重，根系脱氢酶活性提高，幼苗ＳＯＤ活性及光合色素含量高于对照。ｃｈｌａ／ｂ值相对降低。几种处理浓度中０．５～１．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ较好。     

再生铜锡合金电解精炼阳极泥的处理

再生铜锡合金电解精炼时，生成不少阳极泥，这种阳极泥中的有效成分为：Ｓｎ２６％～３８％，Ｐｂ３１％～３６％，Ｃｕ８％～１４％，Ａｇ８００～１０００ｇ／ｔ和Ａｕ１００～１５０ｇ／ｔ，以及少量其它金属。俄罗斯乌拉尔斯克州的乌拉尔斯克工学院对该阳极泥的处理进...     

5—溴水杨基荧光酮—溴化十六烷基三甲基铵荧光熄灭法测定铁

研究了荧光熄灭法测定微量的新方法。在ＮａＡｃ－ＨＡｃ（ｐＨ５．２３）缓冲溶液中,５－ＢｒＳＡＦ）,溴化十六烷基三甲基铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ）与铁（Ｆｅ＾３＋）生成无荧光的三元络合物,从而导致体系的荧光熄灭。在激光波长γｅｘ＝３６５ｎｍ和发射波长νｅｍ＝５４７ｎｍ时,铁含量在０～４．０μｇ／２５ｍＬ范围内,荧光熄灭程度与铁浓度成正比。方法灵敏度高,检出限为２．０μｇ／Ｌ,用于金属铝中微量铁的测定,结果令人满     

钒(V)与(邻烯丙氧基)苯基二安替比林甲烷高灵敏显色反应的研究

合成了新试剂（邻烯丙氧基）苯基二安替比林甲烷（ＤＡｏＡＰＭ）,研究了它与钒（Ｖ）的显色反应,初步探讨了反应机理、在磷酸介质中,有Ｍｎ（Ⅱ）和Ｔｗｅｅｎ ６０存在下,钒（Ｖ）与 ＤＡｏＡＰＭ反应生成橙红色产物,λｍａｘ＝４８０ｎｍ,钒（Ｖ）含量在０.００～０.５０μｇ／２５ｍＬ和０．５０～２．００μｇ／２５ｍＬ范围内分别与产物的吸光度值呈良好线性关系。摩尔吸光系数分别为 １．９０×１０~６和 １．２７× １０~６,由此建立了测定钒（ Ｖ）的新方法。     

炉渣中三氧化钼的测定

文章提出了在Ｎ２Ｏ－Ｃ２Ｈ２火焰中原子叫收光谱测定炉渣中三氧化钼（ＭｏＯ３）的方法，灵敏度高，操作简便，产生１％吸收的Ｍｏ特征浓度为０．０７５ｍｇ／Ｌ。钼的含量在０－１０μｇ／ｍＬ时线性关系良好。考察了炉渣中共存的７种元素对测定的影响，采用１２０ｍｇ／Ａｌ作干扰抑制剂。方法用于炉渣中０．０１％以上三氧化钼的测定，结果令人满意。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定钼,铋精矿中的银

在火焰原于吸收光谱法测定低含量银的方法中，所用测定介质有硫脲、氨水、盐酸和王水。本文在选择酸性介质时，就酸类及酸度、共存离子对测定的影响、工作曲线线性范围和标准回收等方面作了条件试验，确定了最佳盐酸酶度２０％（Ｖ／Ｖ），工作曲线范围０～３μｇ／ｍｌ（银的质量浓度在此范围内符合比耳定律）和仪器工作条件。回收率９８～１０２％，测定范围Ｗ（Ａｇ）５～１５００μｇ／ｇ（仪器无背景校工装置），灵敏度０．０３７μｇ／ｍｌ／１％Ｈ２Ｏ，检测限为０．０１２μｇ／ｍｌ，变异系数１．７９％。     

Optimization of rare earth carbonate reactive-crystallization process based on response surface method

Rare earth carbonate precipitation is mainly amorphous,of large volume and difficult to filter.To prepare crystalline rare earth carbonate,mother liquor of heavy rare earth was taken as research object,and the experimental scheme was designed based on the response surface central composite design(CCD)method.The concentration of mother liquor,aging time and seed crystal dosage were taken as independent variables,and the particle size of rare earth carbonate was taken as the response value to establish a quadratic polynomial numerical model to optimize the reactive-crystallization process of rare earth carbonate.The results show that these three factors have significant effect on the particle size of rare earth carbonate,and the influence order is mother liquid concentration aging time seed crystal dosage.Moreover,the interaction between mother liquor concentration and seed crystal dosage has a significant effect on the size of rare earth carbonate particles.The optimal parameters predicted by the model are as follows:the concentration of mother liquid is 1.75 g/L,seed crystal dosage is 13.56 wt%,and aging time is 8 h.Under these conditions,the predicted particle size is 28.74 μm,and the experiment particle size is 28.23 μm,between both,the relative error is 0.73%,which indicates that the established response surface model has a good prediction effect and a certain practical significance to guide the reactive-crystallization process of rare earth carbonate.The obtained rare earth carbonate has a crystallinity of 97.82%,uniform particles size,and low-hydrated crystals with a tengerite structure.     

滇中地区几种作物施用稀土复合肥效果研究

在滇中地区的几种作物上施用含稀土复合肥比施用等养分含量的不含稀土复合肥确有显著的增产效果 ,小麦增产为 1 2～ 2 8% ,油菜增产 2 .7～ 9.8% ,水稻增产 6.8～ 1 3.2 % ,玉米增产 7.9～ 1 3.4%。稀土协调了作物产量构成因素 ,如小麦平均穗粒数提高了 0 .3～ 3.3,千粒重增加了 4～ 6.5克。施用含稀土复合肥有较显著的经济效益 ,例如小麦每亩可纯增收 1 1～ 50元。试验表明 ,施用含稀土复合肥 ,最好在前期及中期施用 ,不同的作物要根据其需肥规律加以调整才能达到最佳增产效果。     

稀土在杜仲上的应用研究

选用易于观察研究的杜仲幼苗、幼林、种子、扦插用的枝条作为试验材料,研究了稀土在杜仲上的应用效果和施用技术,并研制了一种高效价廉的林用促长剂     

分层取样方式对碳酸氢铵沉淀法生产碳酸稀土过程混合RECl3溶液理化指标检测结果的影响研究

稀土的提取与分离需要经过硫酸焙烧、水浸、萃取、反萃和碳沉等一系列过程,其中混合RECl₃溶液是稀土产业线中的重要中间产品,该混合稀土溶液的REO浓度、配分、密度等理化指标是评价混合RECl₃溶液产品质量的主要参数。针对一定存储条件下的混合RECl₃溶液,按照国家标准分析方法,结合X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)和重量法等手段,对该溶液中的REO浓度、配分、密度等项目进行检测,研究分层取样方式对3项理化指标的影响及变化规律。通过不同存放时间的变化因素绘制混合RECl₃溶液中REO浓度、密度的变化曲线,得出混合RECl₃溶液的存放时间越长,不同层面取样时这两个指标检测结果差异越大的结论;浅析了混合RECl₃溶液取样深度变化对检测结果的影响因素,对混合RECl₃溶液从表层到底层按照均匀间隔取样进行检测,得出REO浓度和密度的检测结果呈递增趋势,配分的检测结果呈轻稀土含量减少、重稀土含量增加的趋势等结论;研究了混合RECl₃溶液中REO浓度范围差异与存放一定时间内REO浓度的变化趋势,得出REO质量浓度小于50 g/L或大于250 g/L时,其检测结果变化缓慢,REO质量浓度在100～200 g/L时,其检测结果变化快速的结论。深入剖析了分层取样方式影响检测结果的基础理论,此研究可用于指导用于稀土应用产品的混合RECl₃溶液的质量控制,对规范混合RECl₃溶液的取样操作具有重要的指导意义。     

纳滤膜对稀土离子的动态吸附行为及截留特性

采用经碳纳米管改性的亲水化纳滤膜浓缩提取稀土浸出液中的稀土离子,探究纳滤膜表面对La3+、Nd3+、Pr3+、Ce3+和Y3+5种稀土离子吸附动力学行为,考察稀土离子半径的大小对纳滤膜吸附性能和截留性能的影响.结果表明,Freundlich吸附方程比Langmuir方程能更好地描述稀土离子在纳滤膜表面上的动态吸附行为,用Freundlich吸附方程拟合后的结果相关度系数R2能达到0.999以上;在初始浓度为5×105 μg/L,温度为25 ℃,运行压力为0.6 MPa的实验条件下,纳滤膜对稀土离子的浓缩提取过程中,初始阶段的截留机理取决于纳滤膜表面的吸附作用和膜孔的机械筛分效应,膜面吸附达到平衡后以膜孔的机械筛分效应为主,此时La3+、Nd3+、Pr3+、Ce3+和Y3+的截留率分别为94.21 %、81.25 %、85.80 %、89.90 %和81.18 %,表明经碳纳米管改性的亲水化纳滤膜能高效浓缩截留稀土浸出液中的稀土离子.      

Physiological Effects of Rare Earths on Black Currant Plants

ＰｈｙｓｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＥｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆＲａｒｅＥａｒｔｈｓｏｎＢｌａｃｋＣｕｒｒａｎｔＰｌａｎｔｓ￥ＬｉｕＨｏｎｇｚｈａｎｇ（刘洪章），ＬｉＹａｄｏｎｇ（李亚东），ＨａｏＲｕｉ（郝瑞）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＨｏｒｔｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ，Ｊｉｌｉ...     

Transcranial Doppler assessment of brain death in children

Airborne dust in pig houses causes health problems for humans with full-time employment in pig houses. Many attempts have been made to reduce the dust burdens, but often without sufficient results. At Research Centre Bygholm ten different possibilities for dust reduction have been tested in the test section, and the results are evaluated on the basis of results obtained simultaneously in an identical control section. Until now, the two most efficient methods are addition of fat to the pigs' diet and spraying a thin layer of rape seed oil in the animal house. By adding 4% of fat to the diet, a reduction of 50% can be seen, and by spraying 5 g of rape seed oil daily per pig place, the aerial dust concentration can be reduced to about 75%. The costs are about 1 DM/pig at a price of rape seed oil of 2 DM/l.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定钇铁合金中14种稀土杂质

采用硝酸-双氧水处理钇铁合金样品,以0.3mol/L硝酸为测定介质,选用¹⁰³Rh和¹⁸⁵Re作为内标元素对基体效应和测量信号进行补偿和校正,实现了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)对钇铁合金中14种稀土杂质元素的测定。通过选择合适的同位素和干扰校正方程消除了质谱干扰;通过选择稀释因子为2000,即控制基体质量浓度为0.5mg/mL进行测定消除了基体效应的影响。在优化的实验条件下,14种稀土元素的校准曲线线性相关系数都在0.9999以上,各元素的检出限为0.003~0.020μg/L。将实验方法应用于钇铁合金样品中稀土杂质的测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)介于0.97%~6.5%之间,加标回收率为96%~104%。采用实验方法对钇铁合金样品进行测定,同时采用基体匹配结合电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)进行方法对照试验,两种方法测定结果基本一致。     

Lanthanum chloride improves maize grain yield by promoting photosynthetic characteristics,antioxidants enzymes and endogenous hormone at reproductive stages

Despite an increase in application spectrum of rare earth elements in agriculture, all studies show that the suitable accumulation of rare earth elements can improve the crop seedling growth, but there is little research about REEs on physiological mechanisms of crops at reproductive stages. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the possible potential benefits of lanthanum chloride(LaCl_3) on the senescence and grain yield responses of maize. In this study, maize seeds were pre-treated by soaking with LaCl_3 at the concentrations of 0(CK), 400(LC1), 800(LC2) and 1200(LC3) μmol/L, to evaluate its effect on the green leaf area, chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis, antioxidants, endogenous hormones in the later crop growth stages. The results show that LC1 and LC2 treatments evidently increase green leaf area, above ground dry biomass, accompanied by a distinct increase in the chlorophyll contents, and photo synthetic capacity, which promote the ear characteristics and grain yield of maize. In addition, LC1 and LC2 treatments simultaneously increase the activities of antioxidants, including superoxide dismutases, catalases, peroxidases, soluble protein, and enhanced levels of auxin, gibberellin and zeatin,following a dose-response tendency. Themalondialdehyde and abscisic acid levels transiently increase with the progression in the growth stage of the crop but are markedly decreased at LC1 and LC2 treatments, while LC3 treatment has no significant effect on malondialdehyde and even accelerates the accumulation of abscisic acid in maize leaves. Our data suggest that seed priming with LaCl_3 at a suitable concentration range(400-800 μmol/L) can prolong the functional periods of leaves, increase photosynthetic capacity, enhance antioxidant activity, and alter endogenous hormone levels at reproductive stages, resulting in delaying leaf senescence rate and increasing yield. However, the moderate concentration of LaCl_3 for maize is LC2(800 μmol/L), and can be effectively used to improve grain yield of maize.     

生物表面活性剂对原矿中稀土淋洗效果的影响

为实现我国南方离子型稀土矿的无铵浸析,以生物表面活性剂-皂角苷为浸矿剂,通过淋洗实验探讨了皂角苷浓度、溶液pH、原矿粒径、固液比对稀土淋洗效果的影响,结果表明:在原矿粒径为0.25 mm,皂角苷浓度50 g/L、pH=5.5和固液比(g/mL, 下同)1:15条件下,振荡24 h后,皂角苷对稀土的淋洗效率可达76.78 %.而在柱淋洗实验中,累积淋洗效率为43.16 %,仅不到硫酸铵的1/2;原因在于皂角苷对稀土的淋洗效率会受溶液和原矿的性质、流速等因素的影响,导致淋洗反应迟缓,拖尾期长.