一种回声消除和噪声抑制SoC芯片

 提出了一种回声消除和噪声抑制算法,采用改进的自适应步长非线性滤波技术,用单芯片对该算法进行了实现.用180nm 3.3V/1.8V 6层金属混合信号CMOS工艺流片,可达70dB的声学回声消除性能,噪音消除达20dB,侧音消除达30dB.该芯片包含1个16位DSP、3个14位Σ-Δ ADC、2个16位Σ-Δ DAC、 以及内置ROM和RAM等,并集成有USB、UART、I²C和PCM等接口.测试结果表明该芯片具有全双工和远距离免提的功能,支持双路麦克风输入,技术规范符合G.165国际标准.该芯片功耗低,外围电路简单,自适应能力强,可广泛应用于蓝牙车载免提通信、GPS和即时通讯等领域.     

α-稳定分布噪声环境下的非线性回声消除研究

针对广泛存在的非线性回声,以及在非高斯噪声环境下,传统回声消除器中自适应算法性能衰退,继而导致回声消除效果下降的情况,本文提出了一种基于最小离差准则的协同函数链接型自适应滤波回声消除方法.该方法使用归一化最小l_p范数算法更新线性和非线性函数扩展的自适应滤波器的权值,并将输出信号协同组合,以消除非线性回声.仿真实验结果表明,该方法在α-稳定分布噪声且非线性回声存在的情况下比传统回声消除方法具有更高的回声衰减增益.     

基于频域对消的噪声调幅干扰抑制算法

为了有效抑制噪声调幅干扰,该文通过对数变换,由信号虚部准确估计干扰信号载频和初始相位,再对干扰信号进行解调,利用频域对消方法抑制干扰信号分量。仿真实验显示算法具有较好的干扰抑制效果。     

Alternating fixed-point algorithm for stereophonic acoustic echocancellation

A novel algorithm for use in stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation is introduced. The alternating fixed-point structure of the algorithm descends each of the channels alternatively and avoids nonuniqueness in the solutions by employing inter- and intra-channel orthogonal projections. For a noisy environment, the algorithm is shown to provide improved misalignment performance and echo cancellation over leading competitors at a low computational cost. The inherent noise robustness is uncovered using H^∞ estimation techniques and noise-error bounds are derived     

一种基于DSP的音频实时处理系统

声学回声消除器一直是视频会议系统不可缺少的组件。将回声消除算法结合噪音消除和静音检测算法等,提出一种改进的实时音频处理系统方法,并在TMS320C6713B上实现,能够有效改善噪音、双工检测、非线性回声等导致自适应滤波器发散的问题。该系统在保证正常双工通话的同时,对非线性回声的抑制有着明显的改善效果。     

Acoustic noise and echo cancelling with microphone array

A novel method of performing acoustic echo cancelling using microphone arrays is presented. The method employs a digital self-calibrating microphone system. The calibration process is a simple indirect on-site calibration that adapts to the particulars of the acoustic environment and the electronic equipment in use. Primarily intended for handsfree telephones in automobiles, the method simultaneously suppresses the handsfree loudspeaker and car noise. The system also continuously takes into account disturbances such as fan noise. Examples from an extensive evaluation in a car are also included. Typical performance results demonstrate 20-dB echo cancellation and 10-dB noise reduction simultaneously     

基于BLSTM神经网络的回声和噪声抑制算法

考虑到非线性回声和非平稳噪声对智能设备回声消除算法的影响，论文提出一种基于双向长短时记忆(Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory，BLSTM)神经网络的回声和噪声抑制算法。该算法首先采用多目标预处理模型，同步估计出回声和噪声信号的幅度谱；然后将其作为回声和噪声抑制模型的输入特征，进而估计出目标语音信号的理想比例掩模；最后通过联合训练两个模型得到最优回声和噪声抑制模型。实验结果表明，在非线性回声和非平稳噪声的环境下，该算法均取得了较好的回声和噪声抑制效果，语音失真较小。      

基于CLEAN算法的自适应旁瓣对消技术

自适应旁瓣对消技术能够很好地抑制旁瓣干扰,但在应用中发现, 自适应旁瓣对消对跟踪的高信噪比目标带来的信噪比损失较大,导致单脉冲和差测角精度下降。本文提出了一种基于CLEAN算法的自适应旁瓣对消方法,首先通过观测目标的先验信息构建目标回波模型,再利用该回波模型剔除对消通道中的目标信息,然后基于剔除目标信息后的对消通道数据,重新计算最优加权值进行主通道的干扰对消,最后仿真和实测结果验证了该方法不仅可以减少主通道中目标对消后的信噪比损失,同时也降低了对消后对目标测角精度的影响。     

Nonlinear loudspeaker compensation for hands free acoustic echocancellation

Loudspeaker nonlinearity at high volumes limits the achievable echo cancellation performance in linear acoustic echo cancellers. A new nonlinear adaptive filter for improving the echo cancellation performance at high volumes for hands free telephones is proposed. Experimental measurements show that an echo cancellation improvement of >8 dB can be obtained at high volumes as compared to a linear adaptive filter     

Hybrid LMS-LMF algorithm for adaptive echo cancellation

The coefficients of an echo canceller with a near-end section and a far-end section are usually updated with the same updating scheme, such as the LMS algorithm. A novel scheme is proposed for echo cancellation that is based on the minimisation of two different cost functions, i.e. one for the near-end section and a different one for the far-end section. The approach considered leads to a substantial improvement in performance over the LMS algorithm when it is applied to both sections of the echo canceller. The convergence properties of the algorithm are derived. The proposed scheme is also shown to be robust to noise variations. Simulation results confirm the superior performance of the new algorithm     

基于盲信号分离的自适应回声抵消算法

在视频会议和免提通信系统中,扬声器和麦克风之间的声耦合严重影响语音通信系统的质量。文中提出了一种用基于盲信号分离（BSS）的自适应声回波对消（AEC）方法,可有效解决回声和噪声对近端语音信号的影响。该方法不仅能减少背景噪声对回波对消的影响,而在双向通话时,可直接利用盲信号分离技术分离出近端语音。     

基于DMB-T数字电视转发器回波抵消方案研究

以数字电视地面广播DMB-T标准为基础,提出了一种基于数字电视转发器中的回波抵消方案。该方案通过相关算法获取PN码的回波路径特性,进而获取该路径中相关的参数,最后利用得到参数来生成逼近回波信号的抵消信号,并从接收信号中减去该抵消信号达到回波消除的目的。仿真结果表明,该方法具有良好的回波消除性能,并具有一定实际应用价值。     

Noise robust alternating fixed-point algorithm for stereophonicacoustic echo cancellation

A novel algorithm specifically for use in stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation (SAEC) environments is introduced. It is based on an alternating fixed-point (FP) structure. Analysis provides bounds to ensure that the algorithm has the form of a contraction mapping (CM). Simulation results show improved performance over algorithms with similar computational complexity in the presence of noise     

WCDMA直放站回波对消方案设计

基于WCDMA标准提出了FPGA+DPS平台下实现在数字中频技术中抵消WCDMA直放站回波干扰信号的方案.首先发射与WCDMA信号不相关的伪随机序列CAZAC码作为训练序列进行信道初估计,然后将初估计得到的时延和幅度信息作为赋给LMS自适应滤波器的初值,生成逼近干扰信号的抵消信号,实现回波对消.使用MATLAB和SIMULINK联合仿真,证明该方法拥有良好的性能.     

Symbol timing recovery in digital subscribers loops in the presenceof residual echo and crosstalk

A general analysis is presented for the jitter performance of a common symbol timing recovery (STR) system used in a digital subscriber loop (DSL) transceiver that uses adaptive echo cancellation for high-speed digital communications. Exact analytical expressions for the mean and variance of the timing wave and for the RMS phase jitter are derived as a function of the bandwidth of the postfilter for a given set of input parameters representing a particular digital subscriber loop and its noise environment, including such effects as residual echo and crosstalk. Numerical results show that the presence of these disturbing signals can substantially degrade the STR performance. The effect of the excess bandwidth factor of the prefilter on this degradation is investigated     

The implementation of digital echo cancellation in codecs

The architecture of a codec in which the echo cancellation is done in two stages, an analog hybrid to reduce the echo level at the input of the A/D converter and a programmable digital balance filter, is presented. The design problems connected with this architecture, such as the signal-to-noise performance of the A/D converter and the limiting effects of the variation of the analog components on the echo cancellation performance of the device and on the structure of the digital balance filters, are discussed. These results were used in the design of a single-power-supply CMOS device implemented in 1.5-μm technology using ΣΔ modulation techniques for A/D and D/A conversion. Its echo cancellation performance is sufficiently high that only one set of coefficients per national standard is necessary     

Echo Cancellation Using Nonlinear Layered Bilinear IIR Filter

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同频数字直放站回波干扰消除器的设计

针对无线同频直放站应用中急需解决的发送天线到接收天线之间的回波干扰问题,提出一种基于叠加PN序列的回波消除方案,简要介绍了基于FPGA的回波消除器的硬件设计,以及对回波消除直放站系统回波消除度测量的测试方案,并详细论述测试原理.测试结果表明,该回波消除直放站满足实际产品化要求.     

基于深度学习的两阶段联合声学回波和混响抑制技术

在现代通信系统中，通信语音的质量和可懂度会被回波与混响严重损害，人与人之间的交流因此会被严重干扰。为了同时消除回波与混响的负面影响，本文提出了一种基于深度学习的两阶段联合声学回波和混响抑制系统。该系统逐步地消除加性声学回波与多径效应产生的混响干扰，从而获得目标语音。系统首先使用基于理想比值掩蔽（Ideal Ratio Mask，IRM）的模型去除与目标信号不相关的声学回波，紧接着对于与目标信号强相关的混响干扰，系统通过利用一个基于“隐掩蔽”的谱映射模型将其去除。两阶段模型最后进行联合训练以获得更好的系统性能。一系列不同声学环境下的实验结果表明，本文所提出的系统可显著地消除回波与混响干扰，从而极大地增强了目标语音的语音质量与可懂度。      

A Nonlinear Acoustic Echo Canceller Using Sigmoid Transform in Conjunction With RLS Algorithm

Nonlinearity of amplifiers and/or loudspeakers gives rise to nonlinear echo in acoustic systems, which seriously degrades the performance of speech and audio communications. Many nonlinear acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) methods have been proposed. In this paper, a simple yet efficient nonlinear echo cancellation scheme is presented by using an adaptable sigmoid function in conjunction with a conventional transversal adaptive filter. The new scheme uses the least mean square (LMS) algorithm to update the parameters of sigmoid function and the recursive least square (RLS) algorithm to determine the coefficient vector of the transversal filter. The proposed AEC is proved to be convergent under some mild assumptions. Computer simulations show that the proposed scheme gives a superior echo cancellation performance over the well known Volterra filter approach when the echo path suffers from the saturation-type nonlinear distortion. More importantly, the new AEC has a much lower computational complexity than the Volterra-filter-based method.