Enhancing ductility of the Al-Si coating on hot stamping steel by controlling the Fe-Al phase transformation during austenitization

In this study,austenitizing heat treatment before hot stamping of Al-10%Si coated boron steel is first investigated through environment scanning electron microscopy(ESEM)equipped with energy dispersive x-ray analysis(EDAX).The cracking behavior of the coating was evaluated using Gleeble 3500,a thermo-mechanical simulator under uniaxial plastic deformation at elevated temperatures.The extent and number of cracks developed in the coating were carefully assessed through an optical microscope.The coating layer under hot-dipped condition consists of an Al-Si eutectic matrix,Fe2Al7Si,Fe3Al2Si3 and Fe2Al5,from the coating surface to the steel substrate.The coating layer remains dense,continuous and smooth.During austenitization,the Al-rich Fe-Al intermetallics in the coating transform to more Fe-rich intermetallics,promoted by the Fe diffusion process.The coating finally shows the coexistence of two types of Fe-Al intermetallics,namely,FeAl2 and FeAl.Microcracks and Kirkendall voids occur in the coating layer and diffusion zone,respectively.The coating is heavily cracked and broken into segments during the hot tensile tests.Bare steel exposed between the separate segments of the coating is oxidized and covered with a thin FeOx layer.The appearance of the oxide decreases the adhesion of the Al-Si coating.It is found that the ductile FeAl is preferred as a coating microstructure instead of the brittle FeAl2.Therefore,the ductility of the Al-Si coating on hot stamping boron steel could be enhanced by controlling the ductile Fe-rich intermetallic phase transformations within it during austenitization.Experiments indicate that a higher austenitizing temperature or longer dwell time facilitate the Fe-rich intermetallics transformation,increasing the volume fraction of FeAl.This phase transformation also contributes to reducing the crack density and depth.     

Influence of hot rolling conditions on the mechanical properties of hot rolled TRIP steel

Influence of hot rolling conditions on the mechanical properties of hot rolled TRIP steel was investigated. Thermomechanical control processing （TMCP） was conducted by using a laboratory hot rolling mill, in which three different kinds of finish rolling temperatures were applied. The results show that polygonal ferrite, granular bainite and larger amount of stabilized retained austenite can be obtained by controlled rolling processes. The finer ferrite grain size is produced through the deformation induced transformation during deformation rather than after deformation, which affects the mechanical properties of hot rolled TRIP steel. Mechanical properties increase with decreasing finish rolling temperature due to the stabilization of retained austenite. Ultimate tensile strength （UTS）, total elongation （TEL） and the product of ultimate tensile strength and total elongation （UTS×TEL） reaches optimal values （791 MPa, 36% and 28 476 MPa%, respectively） when the specimen was hot rolled for 50% reduction at finish rolling temperature of 700 ℃.     

氢对铝-硅合金变质作用的影响初探

本文通过铝-硅共晶合金在不同氢含量下,用等量富铈混合稀土变质处理时,发现变质效果受氢的影响很大。合金的变质效果与氢含量之间的关系符合具有最大值的抛物线分布。即氢含量低时,变质不良;氢含量高时,基本上失去了变质效果;而氢含量处于中间的某一值时,具有最佳的变质效果。在此实验结果的基础上,进行了简单的分析。这项工作还有待进一步在氢对变质影响的机理方面做深入细致的工作。     

工艺参数对金刚石工具性能的影响

介绍金刚工具的烧结制作工艺原理，并对金刚石工具的性能及生产工艺参数的选择进行试验研究，探讨了金刚石工具密度，硬度、工艺参数中所选择的温度，压力之间的影响关系。     

铝合金热冲压板件多目标优化

为解决铝合金热冲压板件存在的减薄和回弹等缺陷,采用响应面法分析了板料初始成形温度和压边力对最大减薄率和最大回弹量的影响规律。结果表明:成形件的最大减薄率随着板料初始成形温度和压边力的增大而增加;最大回弹量随着板料初始成形温度和压边力的增大而下降。最大减薄率和最大回弹量之间具有一定的冲突性。为解决这种冲突,采用多目标遗传算法NSGA-II进行多目标优化,得到Pareto最优解。进而在保证最大减薄率和最大回弹量都相对较小的情况下,确定合理的铝合金热冲压板件的工艺参数范围:板料初始成形温度为470.86~520°C;压边力为110~131.78k N。试验结果表明,合理的工艺参数可以避免破裂和减少回弹。仿真结果与试验具有较好的一致性。     

超高强钢热冲压硬化机理

以22MnB5钢为研究对象,分析了超高强钢热冲压成形过程中相变硬化机理。根据热模拟试验结果建立了加热过程奥氏体晶粒尺寸计算模型和变形抗力模型。采用有限元法对材料热冲压同时淬火冷却过程的温度场进行了分析,采用相变动力学模型分析了热成形过程中发生的相变,以及显微组织和力学性能之间的关系。结果表明:形成均匀细小板条马氏体组织的最佳工艺为900～950℃加热5min,超过30℃/s快速淬火并保压8s左右。     

地热供热参数的优化

在地热供热系统中 ,供热参数的选择是一个重要环节。本文分析了地热供热参数对供热系统的影响 ,讨论了选择供热参数的原则 ,并利用计算机对其进行优化计算。     

汽车超高强钢防撞梁热成形试验

以汽车用超高强度钢22MnB5为研究对象,采用直接热成形工艺和间接热成形工艺进行汽车防撞梁成形试验。采用金相显微镜、显微硬度仪和万能拉伸试验机等分析测试手段对成形件的组织、力学性能进行了分析。探讨了直接、间接热成形工艺对成形组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,成形件的微观组织为理想的板条状马氏体,抗拉强度达到1500MPa以上,硬度在450HV以上,完全满足生产要求,实际生产中可以根据情况选择合适的成形工艺。     

K438高温合金Al-Si涂层的高温氧化表面形貌分析

为提高航空发动机使用寿命,航空发动机涡轮机叶片表面均采用防护涂层技术,以提高基体合金的抗高温氧化腐蚀性能.采用热扩散的方法,在K438镍基高温合金表面制备了Al Si涂层.依据GB/T13303 91标准,对制备了Al Si涂层的K438高温合金进行了1 000℃×500h高温氧化性能试验.用XL 300FEG扫描电镜对氧化后的涂层表面进行观察分析,分析结果表明,K438高温合金表面的Al Si涂层,在高温氧化过程中已转变成连续致密的αAl2O3 氧化膜,该氧化膜无裂纹、剥落发生,可有效地阻止氧原子的渗入.涂层中Si元素的加入,能有效地阻止涂层元素与基体元素的互扩散,起到了扩散障的作用,延长了涂层的退化周期,使涂层获得了优良的抗高温氧化性能.     

电磁搅拌对A1-Si合金凝固组织的影响

对电磁搅拌条件下凝固的亚共晶、共晶合金组织进行研究后发现,电磁搅拌可使Al—Si亚共晶、共晶宏观组织中等轴晶明显细化;α—Al显微组织由树枝状变球状,α—Al二次枝晶臂变宽,Si相间距变宽;Al—Si共晶合金显微组织中随搅拌电压增加Si片变长,分枝减少,Si片变得有规则,Si相间距增大等。     

入炉煤性质对捣固焦炭性能的影响

采用30种配煤方案,在堆积密度为1.1t/m3的条件下进行捣固炼焦试验,利用线性回归分析方法研究入炉煤性质对焦炭性能的影响。结果表明,焦炭性能指标与入炉煤性质指标之间具有良好的相关性;适当降低入炉煤的挥发分有利于提高焦炭的冷态机械强度,而增加入炉煤的黏结指数有利于提高焦炭的耐磨强度,但不利于提高焦炭的抗碎强度;适当降低入炉煤的挥发分和催化指数、提高其黏结指数有利于改善焦炭的高温反应性。     

加热扩散对电弧喷涂Al涂层的影响

为了提高Al涂层的抗高温氧化性及硬度,采用电弧喷涂方法在Q235碳钢基体上制备了Al涂层.结果表明,经过加热扩散处理后Al涂层和基体之间形成了扩散层.涂层厚度、加热温度与加热时间对扩散层具有一定影响.当加热温度为800℃和900℃时,Al涂层主要形成相为Fe Al、Fe Al2、Fe Al3和Fe2Al5.经过加热扩散处理后Al涂层具有优良的抗高温氧化性,且平均硬度相比未经加热扩散处理的Al涂层提高了10倍以上,利用扩散系数求出的扩散层深度与实际扩散层深度相近.     

K4104高温合金Al-Si涂层耐腐蚀性能研究

为提高航空发动机叶片抗高温氧化性能,通过热扩散的方法,在K4104镍基高温合金表面制备了铝化物Al-Si涂层,经1000℃×200 h高温腐蚀氧化性能试验.利用扫描电子显微镜及能谱对涂层进行了表层形貌、截面组织形态观察及成分测试.试验结果表明,K4104镍基高温合金表面Al-si涂层在长时间的高温氧化过程中已转变成完整致密的α-A12O3氧化层和富铝的fl-NiAl和富镍的β-NiAI化合物层,且与基体合金的粘附性良好.改性的铝化物涂层中Si元素的适量加入和合理分布能有效地抑制β相的生长,促进M6C型碳化物的形成,固结了W、Mo等元素,延长涂层的退化速度,使涂层获得更佳的抗高温腐蚀氧化性能.     

稀土元素对铝硅合金凝固的影响

针对铝硅合金半固态成形重熔工艺的要求,讨论了稀土元素对铝硅合金凝固的影响．实验结果表明：在AISi7合金中加入一定量的稀土元素后,使铝硅合金凝固的固液两相温度区间加宽,固液两相区间从34℃增加到59℃,延长了凝固时间,使凝固时间从2280s延长到3060s．在不同实验条件下的金相组织表明,稀土冗索还改善了铝硅合金晶体的形貌,细化了α相的晶粒并使条状共晶硅变为点状,这些有利于半固态成形技术的实现。     

热喷涂HA复合涂层的组织分析

为了制备羟基磷灰石（HA）复合涂层,采用化学沉淀法制备羟基磷灰石粉末,对制备的超细粉末加入PVA溶液充分搅拌、干燥、研磨和过筛,制备出微米级、近似球状的、在等离子送粉器中容易流动的羟基磷灰石粉末.利用等离子喷涂和电弧喷涂的复合喷涂方法制备出羟基磷灰石不锈钢复合涂层和氧化铝不锈钢复合涂层,并通过扫描电镜分析了涂层的组织形态.结果表明,羟基磷灰石粉末比重很轻,不易进入等离子弧中心而被融化,等离子弧将羟基磷灰石粉末加热并载入电弧喷涂气流中,由不锈钢雾化液滴一并打在基体上形成复合涂层.对于氧化铝/不锈钢涂层和复合涂层,2种粒子虽然分布不均匀,但却获得了良好的冶金结合.     

Influence of potential on structure and properties of microarc oxidation coating on Mg alloy

In order to obtain optimizing microarc oxidation coating on Mg alloy from a friendly-enviormental electrolyte free of Cr6 and PO43-, constant potential regime was applied to produce it. The influence of potential on the morphology, composition, structure and other properties, such as microhardness and corrosion resistance were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), hardness tester and electrochemical method. The results clearly show that oxidation potential plays an important role in the formation of coating's structure and properties. The microarc oxidation coating is smooth and white, which consists of two layers. The external layer is loose and porous and enriched in Al and Si. Moreover, its content of Al and Si increases with the increasing operated potential. While the inner layer is compact and the content of Al and Si are lower than that of the external layer. The coating is composed of several phases and the major phases are MgA12O4 and MgO, and the minor phases are Al2O3 and SiO2 when the potential is higher. The microhardness of coating is obtained the maximum at the potential of 45 V, so does the corrosion resistance.     

Influence of potential on structure and properties of microarc oxidation coating on Mg alloy

In order to obtain optimizing microarc oxidation coating on Mg alloy from a friendly-enviormental electrolyte free of Cr⁶⁺ and PO ₄ ³⁻ , constant potential regime was applied to produce it. The influence of potential on the morphology, composition, structure and other properties, such as microhardness and corrosion resistance were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), hardness tester and electrochemical method. The results clearly show that oxidation potential plays an important role in the formation of coating’s structure and properties. The microarc oxidation coating is smooth and white, which consists of two layers. The external layer is loose and porous and enriched in Al and Si. Moreover, its content of Al and Si increases with the increasing operated potential. While the inner layer is compact and the content of Al and Si are lower than that of the external layer. The coating is composed of several phases and the major phases are MgAl₂O₄ and MgO, and the minor phases are Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ when the potential is higher. The microhardness of coating is obtained the maximum at the potential of 45 V, so does the corrosion resistance.     

热水供暖系统试运行调试

文章论述了热水供暖系统的充水、启动程序及调试方法。     

组件质量波动对太阳能电池阵列输出特性的影响

实验发现光伏电池组件上各单体电池的温度在空间分布是不均匀的,数值上呈正态分布;同时光伏组件的I-U曲线出现异常。本研究认为将组件的温度正态分布作为组件电学参数波动量度是合理的,以此为基础,通过随机方式产生单体电池参数,模拟了光伏电池组件I-U曲线异常现象。使用同样的模拟方法,发现由于光伏组件质量波动一个5kW光伏阵列的最大功率可能200W左右的损失,这说明构建光伏阵列时各组件质量一致性需要重视。