集值序信息系统的信息熵和知识粒度

针对已有文献中二元优势关系定义过于宽松的不足,在集值序信息系统中结合对象间的不同优势程度,提出δ-优势关系的概念;基于δ-优势关系,将信息熵和知识粒度引入集值序信息系统中进行不确定性的度量。结论表明提出的信息熵和知识粒度可以精确地度量集值序信息系统的不确定性。     

Knowledge granulation, knowledge entropy and knowledge uncertainty measure in ordered information systems

In this paper, concepts of knowledge granulation, knowledge entropy and knowledge uncertainty measure are given in ordered information systems, and some important properties of them are investigated. From these properties, it can be shown that these measures provides important approaches to measuring the discernibility ability of different knowledge in ordered information systems. And relationship between knowledge granulation, knowledge entropy and knowledge uncertainty measure are considered. As an application of knowledge granulation, we introduce definition of rough entropy of rough sets in ordered information systems. By an example, it is shown that the rough entropy of rough sets is more accurate than classical rough degree to measure the roughness of rough sets in ordered information systems.     

一种不确定信息条件下的威胁估计方法

未来复杂战场环境下信息具有高度不确定性,对于不同类型的目标很难客观地估计其威胁等级。针对该问题,采用粒计算的有关理论建立了可实时更新的威胁估计信息系统,基于决策逻辑语言提取出极小化的规则集,它反应了信息系统所包含的专家经验知识。通过分析知识的不确定性,并给出其不确定性表示,提出了相应的知识推理策略,从而可以对复杂情况下的不同类型多目标进行有效的威胁估计。     

基于置信度理论的网络知识融合系统和应用

由于网络知识资源的异构性,知识融合系统需要对多源数据、信息进行集成与整合并消除歧义.在知识融合过程中,由于知识科学的复杂性和模糊性,需要对多源知识的不一致、不完整等不确定性问题进行处理.基于此,提出了一种基于置信度理论的网络知识融合系统模型,弥补了传统知识融合系统在不确定性处理上的不足,并使用反馈自适应机制自动校正置信...     

序信息系统的知识粗糙熵与粗集粗糙熵

在序信息系统中引入了知识粗糙熵和粗集粗糙熵的概念,得到了它们的有关性质,并证明了二者都随着知识确定程度的增强而单调下降的结论,从而给出了序信息系统的信息解释。进一步通过讨论它们之间的联系说明了粗集的粗糙熵可以更精确地度量粗集地粗糙程度。这些结论为序信息系统的知识发现奠定了一定的理论基础。     

不确定性与自然计算并行性的内在关联

不确定性是量子力学中已获得证明的自然界基本规律。通过分析自然算法中的并行性与不确定性的内在关联认为,不确定性不但是并行性产生的根源,还是算法智能产生的根源。根据这一认识给出了算法的不确定性原理,并结合Shannon的信息熵原理建立了自然计算的不确定性智能模型(UIM)。这一模型认为先验知识信息和由不确定性所提供的信息共同构成了智能系统的基本模型。智能系统本质上就是一个信息系统,先验知识信息保证算法按正确的方向进行搜索,不确定性所提供的信息实现了算法对解空间的并行搜索,通过提高系统信息的含量将有效提高系统的智能水平。这一模型在Pi值的计算算法中也得到了印证。     

Examining interpersonal trust as a facilitator and uncertainty as an inhibitor of intra‐organisational knowledge sharing

This study developed a theoretical model to explore the antecedents of interpersonal trust and the impact of interpersonal trust and uncertainty on intra‐organisational knowledge sharing in highly information‐technology‐mediated work environments. The proposed model was tested empirically using survey data collected from five telecommunication companies. The findings reveal that interpersonal trust has a positive effect on knowledge sharing, while uncertainty has a negative effect upon knowledge sharing. The results also show that social interaction ties and shared knowledge‐sharing vision are the antecedent factors of interpersonal trust, and that uncertainty regarding knowledge sharing is increased by seeker absorptive capability concerns, reciprocity concerns and fear of losing knowledge power. Some important implications for theory and practice as well as directions for future study are discussed.     

基于犹豫模糊可信度的知识推理

针对不确定性推理中的可信度估值不精确的问题,将犹豫模糊集引入可信度不确定性推理中。提出犹豫模糊可信度的定义,并基于可信度的知识表示给出犹豫模糊可信度的知识表示方式。为解决专家在推理过程中出现的信息缺失问题,提出求解平均值的信息补全方法。构建犹豫模糊可信度的单条规则和多条规则并行关系的运算法则,并给出基于犹豫模糊可信度的知识表示与推理的具体步骤。最后,运用实例验证了所提算法的可行性及有效性。     

基于证据理论的不确定性推理方法及其应用

针对民航无线电管理中遇到的干扰问题以及客观世界中描述客观现象的知识和信息具有不确定性的特点,结合民航无线电干扰查处的实际情况,提出基于一种产生式规则的知识表示方法,以区间确定因子描述不确定性。提出基于Dempster-Shafer证据理论和区间确定因子的不确定性推理方法。进一步根据领域专家经验建立民航无线电干扰查处规则,以基于Dempster-Shafer证据理论和区间确定因子的不确定性推理方法为推理机,给出民航无线电干扰查处专家系统的结构及工作流程,采用C#语言结合MySQL数据库开发民航无线电干扰查处专家系统,并通过案例分析说明该系统的有效性和实用性。     

基于贝叶斯网络的本体不确定性推理

运用OWL语言扩展了本体对领域知识的不确定性表示,并基于贝叶斯网络实现了本体领域知识的不确定性推理。实验表明将贝叶斯网络与本体结合起来,能够充分发挥本体在知识描述方面的优势和贝叶斯网络的推理能力,实现依据部分信息的概率描述获取知识,指导实践。     

基于边界域的邻域知识距离度量模型

粗糙集的不确定性度量在知识获取中扮演着非常重要的角色。在邻域粗糙集理论中,当前不确定性度量方面的研究工作主要专注于度量单个知识空间的不确定性及其随粒度变化的单调性规律,其仍存在以下缺点:1)邻域粗糙集不确定性来自于邻域粒中属于目标概念的元素和不属于目标概念的元素,当前的方法没有同时考虑每个邻域信息粒的这两部分;2)不能反映不同知识空间对目标概念刻画能力的差异性;3)由于当前的知识距离包含了粒度划分的信息,已有方法在一些应用场合下不够准确,例如属性约简中的知识启发式搜索及其粒度选择。对此,文中首先构建了一种更加直观准确的邻域粗糙集的不确定性度量方法——邻域熵,并证明了不确定性度量随着粒度的细化具有单调性;为了反映不同邻域信息粒对目标概念刻画能力的差异性,提出了一种带近似描述能力的邻域粒距离,称为相对邻域粒距离,并介绍了它的相关性质;针对分层递阶的多粒度知识空间中的粒度选择问题,建立了基于边界域的邻域知识距离度量模型,该知识距离可以反映不同邻域知识空间对目标概念的刻画能力的差异性。     

基于D-S融合的混合专家知识系统故障诊断方法

复杂流程工业过程知识类型多样且含有多种不确定性,针对这些问题提出一种基于D-S融合的混合知识系统故障诊断方法.根据可利用信息的类型建立不同的专家知识系统并进行不确定性推理.通过分析当前信息的数据特点,自适应分配不同专家知识系统可靠性权重,通过权重D-S证据理论融合各专家知识系统的结论.这种方法不仅使用了专家的知识和经验,而且结合了生产过程积累的大量数据信息,提高了信息的利用率.通过融合多个专家知识系统的结论,提高了不确定性系统故障诊断的正确率.将该方法应用于某湿法冶金浓密过程故障诊断,取得了良好的诊断效果.     

The role of decision support systems in an indeterminate world

Decision making involves processing or applying information and knowledge, and the appropriate information/knowledge mix depends on the characteristics of the decision making context. Information (or its absence) is central to decision making situations involving uncertainty and complexity, while knowledge (or its absence) is associated with problems of ambiguity and equivocality. This paper proposes that computer-based decision support technologies are appropriate to supporting decision making under conditions of uncertainty and complexity, while human-centric approaches may be more appropriate under conditions of ambiguity or equivocality. Both approaches, however, must be tightly integrated for organizational learning to occur. The framework is illustrated with a case study of the implementation of a decision support system used for price quoting in a leasing company.     

自反二元关系下不完备信息系统的粗糙熵及粒度度量

针对不完备信息系统中各种自反二元关系形成了对系统的覆盖而非划分的情况,提出利用对象的邻域来定义粗糙熵和粒度度量以衡量系统的不确定性,证明了以上不确定性度量同完备信息系统的不确定性度量是一致的.同时在覆盖可约简的情况下,定义了覆盖约简对系统的粗糙熵和粒度度量,研究结果表明在系统分类最细或最粗时,覆盖约简的不确定性和知识的不确定性是等价的.     

A new measure of uncertainty based on knowledge granulation for rough sets

In rough set theory, accuracy and roughness are used to characterize uncertainty of a set and approximation accuracy is employed to depict accuracy of a rough classification. Although these measures are effective, they have some limitations when the lower/upper approximation of a set under one knowledge is equal to that under another knowledge. To overcome these limitations, we address in this paper the issues of uncertainty of a set in an information system and approximation accuracy of a rough classification in a decision table. An axiomatic definition of knowledge granulation for an information system is given, under which these three measures are modified. Theoretical studies and experimental results show that the modified measures are effective and suitable for evaluating the roughness and accuracy of a set in an information system and the approximation accuracy of a rough classification in a decision table, respectively, and have a much simpler and more comprehensive form than the existing ones.     

中医舌诊系统中智能推理可信度的研究

中医舌诊是一个极其复杂的过程,是以舌症彩色图像的识别为主,并综合考虑脉象和其它临床数据的中医医疗诊断方法.可信度方法是人工智能领域的一种不确定推理方法,它通过量化不确定知识将不确定信息确定化,被广泛用于处理各种随机不确定信息.通过融合模糊逻辑推理、神经网络技术及可拓学方法,研究了一种基于竞争神经网络的中医舌诊智能推理模型,以VC 6.0和SQL Server2000为开发工具,实现了对中医专家诊断推理过程的模拟.并在推理过程中嵌入了可信度的评价体系,对输入模式信息和专家经验信息的关系引入了可信度度量,借鉴贝叶斯理论方法对神经网络的推理结果的可信度进行了研究,从而使诊断准确率大大提高,且系统使用简洁、方便.     

Information technology and knowledge in software development teams: The role of project uncertainty

Knowledge is a strategic resource; information technology (IT) is presumed to facilitate its movement among organizational members. The relevant literature, however, is inconclusive. This study reports the results of the effect of IT on knowledge-sharing processes, i.e., knowledge exchange and knowledge combination, under conditions of project uncertainty. Our results indicate that both exchange and combination are necessary to fully explain the relationships and that the consideration of a project's outcome is also important. While project uncertainty confounds the knowledge-sharing processes regardless of technology, the frequency of technology use routinely increases knowledge exchange and combination in a software team.     

Intelligent unmanned ground vehicle navigation via information evaluation

Sensor-centric navigation of unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) operating in rugged and expansive terrains requires the competency to evaluate the utility of sensor information such that it results in intelligent behavior of the vehicles. Highly imperfect, inconsistent information and incomplete a priori knowledge introduce uncertainty in such unmanned navigation systems. Understanding and quantifying uncertainty yields a measure of useful information that plays a critical role in several robotic navigation tasks such as sensor fusion, mapping, localization, path planning and control. In this article, within a probabilistic framework, the utility of estimation and information-theoretic concepts towards quantifying uncertainty using entropy and mutual information metrics in various contexts of UGV navigation via experimental results is demonstrated.     

基于模糊积分的客户分类不确定性优化研究

数据挖掘技术为高效的客户分类提供了强大的支持,然而仅依靠这门技术并不能很好地完成这项任务。因为分类方法的局限性,现实数据存在信息的不确定、不完整、先验知识缺乏,研究对象的复杂性等困难导致的分类不确定性。从这个角度出发,将模糊积分融合方法与数据挖掘技术结合来减小客户分类的不确定性,提出了一种模糊密度修正方法,它利用了训练样本先验静态信息和各分类器识别结果包含的动态信息对模糊密度进行自适应动态赋值。仿真结果表明了它的有效性。     

Uncertainty under quantum measures and quantum memory

The uncertainty principle restricts potential information one gains about physical properties of the measured particle. However, if the particle is prepared in entanglement with a quantum memory, the corresponding entropic uncertainty relation will vary. Based on the knowledge of correlations between the measured particle and quantum memory, we have investigated the entropic uncertainty relations for two and multiple measurements and generalized the lower bounds on the sum of Shannon entropies without quantum side information to those that allow quantum memory. In particular, we have obtained generalization of Kaniewski–Tomamichel–Wehner’s bound for effective measures and majorization bounds for noneffective measures to allow quantum side information. Furthermore, we have derived several strong bounds for the entropic uncertainty relations in the presence of quantum memory for two and multiple measurements. Finally, potential applications of our results to entanglement witnesses are discussed via the entropic uncertainty relation in the absence of quantum memory.