碳氮化钒颗粒增强铁基复合材料微观组织的研究

以钒铁粉、石墨粉、铁粉和氮气为原料,采用粉末冶金技术合成了V(C,N)颗粒增强铁基复合材料,从热力学、热分析、致密化和微观结构等方面对该复合材料进行了研究.结果表明,在烧结温度范围内,发生了FeV+C+N2=V(C,N+Fe反应,合成了V(C,N)硬质相;制备的复合材料在1200℃烧结时,其密度达到最大值;复合材料主要相为V(C,N)和γ-Fe,所合成的硬质相V(C,N)颗粒细小,在铁基体中分布均匀.     

V(C,N)颗粒增强铁基复合材料的研究

采用粉末冶金和原位合成相结合的方法合成V(C,N)颗粒增强铁基复合材料,用扫描电镜、X射线衍射等测试方法对试样进行了组织结构分析,并探讨了原位合成V(C,N)的机理.结果表明,石墨与氮气的存在降低了σ-FeV相的稳定性,使其分解为崮溶大量V的Fe,C、N与V发生反应生成V(C,N);原位合成的复合材料主要相组成为V(C,N)和γ-Fe,所合成的硬质相V(C,N)颗粒细小,在铁基体中均匀分布.在重载十滑动摩擦条件下,V(C,N)颗粒增强铁基复合材料显示出良好的耐磨性.     

氮化烧结V(C,N)颗粒增强铁基复合材料的研究

用热力学计算证明了氮化反应的可行性,用D TA确定了V N反应的温度范围。通过X RD和SEM比较了两种烧结气氛(真空和氮气)制备的颗粒增强复合材料烧结体的相组成、颗粒大小和形态分布。实验表明,由于V与N的亲合力大于V与C的亲合力,这导致了压坯的增强相由V 6C5、V 4C3向V N的转变;同时在1 200℃α-Fe!γ-Fe的相变为剩余的C的固溶创造了条件。     

原位烧结合成(Ti,V)C/Fe复合材料的组织及形成机理

以钛粉、铁粉、钒铁粉、铬铁粉、钼铁粉及石墨粉为原料,通过原位烧结制备了(Ti,V)C/Fe复合材料.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱EDS分析了材料的组织结构.结合差示扫描量热法分析(DSC)和高温x射线衍射分析研究了Fe-Ti-V-C体系原位烧结的动力学过程.结果表明:(Ti,V)C/Fe复合材料致密化程度高.增强相(Ti,V)C的形态比TiC更规则,TiC颗粒中存在富Mo的"环形结构",而(Ti,V)C中没有"环形结构".合成(Ti,V)C/Fe复合材料的动力学过程为:在770℃左右发生钒的碳化反应生成VC,1140.4℃时发生Ti的碳化反应生成TiC,随着温度升高,VC和TiC发生固溶反应形成(Ti,V)C固溶体.在1400℃烧结时,硬质相(Ti,V)C(或TiC)在液相中根据Gibbs-Thomson效应,按照小颗粒不断溶解,大颗粒相应粗化的模式长大.     

氮化烧结V(C,N)颗粒增强铁基复合材料的研究

用热力学计算证明了氮化反应的可行性，用DTA确定了VN反应的温度范围。通过XRD和SEM比较了两种烧结气氛（真空和氮气）制备的颗粒增强复合材料烧结体的相组成、颗粒大小和形态分布。实验表明，由于V与N的亲合力大于V与C的亲合力，这导致了压坯的增强相由V6C5、V4C3向VN的转变；同时在1200℃（α-Fe→γ-Fe的相变为剩余的C的固溶创造了条件。     

碳化钛钒增强铁基复合材料的微观组织与机理研究

采用粉末冶金与原位合成相结合的方法制备了(Ti,V)C/Fe基复合材料,用X射线衍射、扫描电镜研究了该复合材料的物相结构和显微组织.结合热分析和高温X射线衍射,对Fe-Ti-V-C体系的反应机理进行研究.结果表明:反应合成的复合材料的相组成为(Ti,V)C和α-Fe,细小的球状(Ti,V)C颗粒均匀分布在珠光体基体上.Fe-Ti-V-C体系的反应机理为,首先在765.7℃发生Fe的同素异构转变,即α-Fe→γ-Fe,以及钒的碳化反应FeV+C=VC+Fe;其次在1058.5℃,Ti与Fe共熔而形成低共熔体Ti2Fe;在1140.4℃,C与Ti2Fe反应生成TiC;最后,随着温度的继续升高,TiC和VC形成了(Ti,V)C固溶体.     

固相反应生成VC颗粒增强铁基复合材料

用粉末冶金方法,使(Fe-V合金 石墨)反应体系在较低温度的固态条件下进行碳化反应和烧结致密化,发现石墨的存在降低了σ-(FeV)相的稳定性,促使其在800℃就分离出少量α-Fe相和金属V,并且该体系在950℃即可进行固相反应,生成由马氏体基体和大量亚微米级的V8C7球状颗粒组成的铁基复合材料,在重载干滑动磨损条件下该复合材料显示了很好的耐磨性能.     

铝热法制备TiC/TiB_2-FeNiCr复合材料

采用铝热法原位合成出了含Ti C颗粒、Ti C-Ti B2复相陶瓷颗粒增强相体积分数较高的Ti C/Ti B2-Fe Ni Cr复合材料。利用电子探针分析(EPMA)仪、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)仪等手段研究了该复合材料的显微组织和相结构,同时利用显微硬度仪测量了该复合材料的硬度,利用摩擦磨损试验机测量复合材料的耐磨性能。结果表明,Ti C/Ti B2-Fe Ni Cr复合材料由Ti C颗粒、Ti C和Ti B2复相陶瓷颗粒、针状Cr7C3相,Ni Al相和α-Fe Ni Cr合金基体相组成。复合材料的硬度(HV)为13132.5 MPa。复合材料施加载荷20 N,磨损1 h后的失重为4.2 mg;而45#钢在相同条件下的失重量为13 mg,是复合材料的3倍。     

碳化钒增强铁基复合材料的微观组织与磨损性能

以钒铁粉、铁粉、石墨等为原料,原位反应合成了Fe-VC复合材料。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和MM-200型磨损试验机对所制备的试样进行组织结构分析与磨损试验。结果表明:当烧结温度为1180℃时,该复合材料的密度达到最大值;合成的硬质相VC颗粒细小,且在珠光体基体中均匀分布;在干滑动磨损条件下,该复合材料具有优异的耐磨性。     

(Ti,W)C颗粒增强铁基表面复合材料微观组织的研究

利用粉末冶金技术,在45钢表面制备了(Ti,W)C/Fe复合材料,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)分析了表面复合材料的微观组织和相组成。结果表明:表面复合材料主要相组成为(Ti,W)C和α-Fe;所合成的硬质相(Ti,W)C颗粒在铁基体中均匀分布;表面复合材料与45钢之间的界面结合良好。     

Fabrication and characterization of Ti6A14V/TiB_2-TiC composites by powder metallurgy method

Titanium matrix(Ti6A14V) composites reinforced with TiB_2 and TiC were produced through powder metallurgy method. The effect of addition of both TiB_2 and TiC with different contents(2.5 wt% 5.0 wt% and7.5 wt%) on the density, microstructure and hardness properties of titanium matrix was investigated. The size distributions of the matrix alloy and reinforcement particles were measured by particle size analyzer. Microhardness of the sintered composites was evaluated using Vickers' s hardness tester with a normal load of 3 N and a dwell time of 10 s. Ti6A14V alloy and Ti6A14V/TiB_2-TiC composites were characterized through X-ray diffraction(XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM)equipped with energy-dispersive spectrometer(EDS). The addition of TiB_2 and TiC particles enriches the properties of Ti6A14V alloy. The sintered Ti6A14V/TiB_2-TiC composite features a dense and pore-free microstructure with varying TiB_2 and TiC particle distribution in the metal matrix. The results of this study show that the development of new phases plays a significant role in the properties of these composite materials.     

Influence of spark plasma sintering on microstructure and wear behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V reinforced with nanosized TiN

Ti-6Al-4V/TiN composites were successfully consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). TiN addition to Ti-6Al-4V was varied from 1% to 5% (volume fraction). The effect of TiN addition on the densification, microstructure, microhardness and wear behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V was studied. Experimental results showed reduction in sintered density of the compacts from 99% to 97% with increase in TiN content. However, an increase in microhardness value was recorded from HV_0.1 389 to HV_0.1 488. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the intensity of diffraction peaks of TiN phase in the composites increased also with formation of small amount of secondary Ti₂N phase. SEM analysis of SPS sintered nanocomposites possessed a refinement of α/β phase microstructure in Ti-6Al-4V with the presence of uniformly dispersed TiN particles. The worn surface of the composite showed improved abrasive wear resistance with non-continuous grooves as compared to the sintered Ti-6Al-4V without TiN addition.     

Synthesis of W-3 wt% Mn-2 wt% VC composites by high energy milling and sintering

A W-3 wt% Mn matrix alloy reinforced with 2 wt% of 24 h pre-milled VC particles were synthesized via high energy milling for 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and then sintered at 1300 °C. The W-3 wt% Mn alloy was also prepared by high energy milling of a powder blend of W-3 wt% Mn for 6 h. Effects of milling duration as well as Mn and VC addition on the microstructural and mechanical properties of the W-3 wt% Mn-2 wt% VC composite powders and sintered samples were investigated. Microstructural characterizations of the composite powders and sintered samples were carried out via SEM and XRD analyses. Density measurements and hardness measurements of the sintered samples were also carried out. While the relative density increased from 92.4% for the sintered W-3 wt% Mn matrix to 97.8% for the sintered W-3 wt% Mn-2 wt% VC composite milled for 24 h, there was an increase of ～85% in hardness values for the W-3 wt% Mn-2 wt% VC samples milled for 24 h.     

Corrosion-electrochemical properties of α-Fe + Fe3C + VC nanocomposites in neutral environments

Anodic processes on three-phase α-Fe + Fe₃C + VC composites in borate solutions including chloride-containing ones are studied. A mechanism of passivation of the composite determined by the formation of mixed oxides based on Fe(II) and V(III, IV) is proposed. The mixed oxides are decomposed in an aerated corrosive environment under the effect of soluble oxidation products of vanadium, which negatively affects the corrosion resistance. The oxidation of VC is found to result in the formation of protective layers composed of VC_{1 ? x} O _x oxycarbides and V₂O₃ and VO₂ oxides.     

钒对高铬合金铸渗层组织与性能的影响

通过真空实型铸造工艺(V-EPC)在ZG45钢表面制备不同含钒量的高铬合金复合层,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了含钒量对铸渗层组织的影响,使用洛氏硬度计和冲击磨损试验机研究了钒含量对硬度和耐磨性的影响。研究表明,铸渗层组织主要由α-Fe与α-Fe+M₇C₃+VC共晶组织组成,过渡层内各合金元素成梯度分布,C、Cr、V元素自铸渗层向基体发生了扩散,且C、Cr、V元素的分布与碳化物的分布高度重合。随着钒含量的增加,晶粒逐渐细化,共晶碳化物数量逐渐增多,VC也增多,铸渗层硬度和耐磨性显著提高。热处理后有大量二次碳化物析出,随着铸渗层中钒含量增加,热处理后二次硬化效果显著提高。     

新型高强度易加工Cu-FeC复合材料的变形行为

采用真空感应熔炼和快速凝固技术制备了界面复合良好,组织性能优异的新型Cu-FeC复合材料,并通过OM、SEM、TEM、XRD以及力学性能测试分别对熔铸态、奥氏体化后的淬火态及其冷轧态复合材料的组织和变形行为进行了研究。结果表明,熔铸态材料内共存有γ-Fe、α-Fe和马氏体相,而经820℃,4 min奥氏体化和淬火处理后,基体内初生Fe-C相可转化为马氏体相,同时析出大量纳米级γ-Fe相粒子;前者在冷轧过程中表现出较好的协调变形性能,而后者会在粗大Fe-C马氏体相内部或附近产生微裂纹;不过两者冷轧变形后的强度均能获得大幅提升,最高抗拉强度达515 MPa,而延伸率又明显高于已报道具有类似强度陶瓷粒子强化铜基复合材料的延伸率,且拉伸过程均表现出明显的塑性变形特征;此外,本研究根据复合材料组织演化规律提出了相应的组织演化模型图。     

晶粒尺寸对（TiB2＋TiC）/Ni3Al复合材料循环氧化性能的影响（英文）

采用放电等离子烧结法制备（TiB2＋TiC）/Ni3Al复合材料。在950°C下烧结的（TiB2＋TiC）/Ni3Al复合材料的组织比在1050°C下烧结的（TiB2＋TiC）/Ni3Al复合材料的组织更细小。对烧结温度分别为950°C和1050°C的复合材料在900°C下进行循环氧化性能测试。结果表明,在950°C下烧结的复合材料的循环氧化质量损失要小于在1050°C下烧结的复合材料的。晶粒细化有助于在氧化过程汇总的选择性氧化,使得连续的TiO2和Al2O3氧化膜得以在复合材料表面形成,从而提高复合材料的抗氧化性能。     

钛铁矿直接制备Ti(C,N)复合粉的组织与特性

以钛铁矿(FeTiO3)为原料,用碳热还原技术制备含Fe-Ti(C,N)复合粉。用酸浸工艺对复合粉进行分离提纯,并对其物相进行定性分析,对其化学组成进行定量分析,对其物理特性(如形貌、粒度、比表面积)进行测试。结果表明,Fe-Ti(C,N)复合粉主要由Ti(C,N)、α-Fe组成,其中Ti(C,N)占50.25%,α-Fe占44.08%,粉体呈不规则形状,粒度约为2~3μm,比表面积为2.39 m2.g-1。酸浸分离的Ti(C,N)粉体纯度为97%,其性能指标已达到商品粉的要求。     

Corrosion-electrochemical properties of nanocomposites of α-Fe+Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>C+VC in acidic and alkaline sulfate solutions

This work studies corrosion-electrochemical properties of three-phase composites of α-Fe+ Fe₃C + VC in acidic and alkaline sulfate solutions. Nanosize carbide inclusions are characterized by a high level of activity in the reaction of cathodic hydrogen evolution and result in a high rate of composite dissolution in acidic solutions. The presence of carbides and carbon has a negative effect on passivation of the iron matrix. The resistance of vanadium carbide inclusions to anodic oxidation increases upon a decrease in the amount of carbon in the carbide.