Influence of Replacement Level of Coal-series Kaolin on Hydration of Ordinary Portland Cement by X-ray Diffraction/Rietveld Method

The influence of replacement level of calcined coal-series kaolin(CCK) on hydration of ordinary Portland cement(OPC) was studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD)/Rietveld method. X-ray diffraction/Rietveld method was used to quantify the crystalline phase composition of the hydrated samples. Additionally, the morphology of hydrated samples was observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results showed that, calcium hydroxide(CH), ettringite(AFt) and amorphous phase content in hydrated samples decreased as the replacement level of CCK increased, while AFm and str?tlingite increased, which was caused by the combination of dilute, physical and pozzolanic effects. The hydration of anhydrous cement phases was accelerated by physical effect but hindered by the retardation effect of CCK. The role of each effects was discussed in detail to analyze the mechanism of OPC hydration with CCK addition. The SEM images showed that the shortening of AFt at 1 day and the denser texture at 28 days was observed with CCK addition, which was caused by the physical and pozzolanic effects, respectively.     

煤系高岭土酸浸脱铝水热合成NaY分子筛

以煤系高岭土为原料,经煅烧、酸浸脱铝工艺,首次在酸浸偏高岭土-碱水热反应体系中合成了NaY分子筛.采用XRD,SEM对所合成样品进行表征,考察了体系中碱度、硅铝比、老化过程、晶化过程对NaY分子筛合成的影响.结果表明:该水热反应体系适宜的碱度条件为n(H2O)/n(Na2O)=80,碱度过高或过低均会出现P型分子筛杂相.适宜的硅铝配比为n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)=6.4;老化有助于生成纯相、结晶度好的NaY分子筛,其适宜的老化温度为50℃、老化时间为4h.晶化温度过高或晶化时间过长易转晶生成P型杂相,适宜的晶化条件是晶化温度为85℃、晶化时间为24h.在该反应体系中反应原料由偏高岭土酸浸脱铝后获得,产物结晶度较高,无杂晶,晶形完整,粒度为2μm左右.     

济阳坳陷下伏石炭系—二叠系煤系烃源岩中侵入岩的地球化学特征

石炭系—二叠系沉积以剥蚀残余状分布在渤海湾盆地之下,在已发现油气的部位均发现浅层侵入岩。通过侵入岩产状、主量元素和微量元素组成等地质和地球化学分析,发现侵入岩主要为富二氧化硅、钠、钾和镁的闪长玢岩以及贫二氧化硅和钠、富钾和镁的煌斑岩,它们与鲁西隆起同层位侵入岩具有很多相似之处。研究认为它们是侏罗纪断陷形成初期上地幔物质上涌、沿深大断裂侵入形成的,以富钾偏碱性或偏中性两种岩浆侵入在煤系烃源岩中。研究还发现,煤系地层中的这些侵入体规模不大,对烃源岩的烘烤作用范围不超过侵入体的厚度,对整体的煤系生烃演化影响较小。     

茂名水洗高岭土降粘技术研究

茂名水洗高岭土是我国风化型高岭土加工利用的典型,生产中存在的主要问题是粘度过大,本次研究旨在找到能有效降低其粘度的方法.作者依据浆体内摩擦力、质点分散机理、粘度影响因素等理论,利用恩氏粘度计测试各种分散剂混合使用后对矿浆粘度的影响,探讨降低茂名高岭土粘度的方法和需要确定的主要技术参数,确定了能有效降低茂名水洗高岭土粘度的方法是调节矿浆的pH值和添加合理的分散剂;作者认为最有效的分散剂是DC和STPP.     

我国3种典型高岭土的固结、渗透及吸附特性

为了研究不同类型高岭土的物理、化学及土力学特性,通过压缩固结、渗透及等温吸附试验,确定国内硬质、软质和砂质3种典型高岭土的固结、渗透及吸附特性.试验结果表明：通过压缩固结,硬质、软质高岭土的饱和渗透系数可减小到1×10-7 cm/s,砂质高岭土的渗透、固结系数均比前两者高一个数量级.不同类型的高岭土吸附Pb2+、Cd2+的能力不同,吸附能力由高到低排序为硬质高岭土>软质高岭土>砂质高岭土.3种高岭土对Pb2+的吸附能力均显著高于对Cd2+的吸附,硬质、软质、砂质高岭土对Pb2+的吸附容量分别为6 347.2、3 105.5、2 672.7 mg/kg,对Cd2+的吸附容量分别为691.1、686.4、667.5 mg/kg.综合考虑这3类高岭土的物理、渗透和吸附特性以及制样的方便性,推荐采用软质高岭土作为压实黏土衬垫的实验模拟材料.     

Pb2+/PNP/SDBS三元共存在煅烧高岭土上的吸附行为

通过静态实验,研究煅烧高岭土对水体中Pb2+、PNP、SDBS单元及三元复合污染的吸附等温线,结果表明:Pb2+单元及三元复合后在煅烧高岭土上的吸附等温线均符合Langmuir等温式,相关系数分别达0.982,6和0.931,9,其吸附模式均属于单分子层吸附;PNP单元及三元复合后在煅烧高岭土上的吸附等温线均与Henry等温式拟合较好,相关系数分别为0.978,5和0.894,5,其吸附模式均属于不均匀吸附;SDBS单元存在时在煅烧高岭土上的吸附等温线与Langmuir等温式相吻合,相关系数达0.989,3,其吸附模式属于单分子层吸附,三元复合后SDBS的吸附等温线却符合Freundlich等温式,相关系数为0.917,2,其吸附模式属于双分子层吸附,由此可知,三元复合后SDBS的吸附模式由单分子层吸附转变成双分子层吸附,其吸附机理发生改变.经FTIR测试分析表明,无论是单元吸附还是三元复合吸附,均未使煅烧高岭土的结构发生改变,说明吸附属于物理吸附.     

煤系煅烧高岭土表面改性研究

利用硅烷偶联剂对山西省小峪矿区煤系煅烧高岭土进行了表面改性实验．对改性后样品的活化指数和包覆率测定表明,偶联剂分子较好地包覆于颗粒表面,使其由亲水疏油变为亲油疏水．将改性后样品用于橡胶填料,能明显提高其机械物理性能．ＩＲ和ＭＡＳＮＭＲ分析表明,煅烧高岭土表面的Ａｌ－Ｏ键与偶联剂分子发生化学键合作用明显,而Ｓｉ－Ｏ键与偶联剂分子的化学键合作用则不明显．     

Viscosity of kaolin slurries: Effects of dispersant and urea-intercalation

Good fluidity (low viscosity) of highly concentrated kaolin is highly needed in paper-coating industry. We put forward an effective route to improve the viscosity concentration of Beihai kaolin slurries. The effects of various factors such as solid content, pH, dispersant content, and urea-intercalation on the viscosity of kaolin slurries were investigated. The results revealed that the viscosity of kaolin slurries significantly decreased with decreasing solid content or with increasing pH and dispersant content. It was worth noting that urea-intercalation was proven to be an efficient method for promoting the dispersion of highly concentrated kaolin as compared with adding dispersant. The intercalation ratio of urea-intercalated kaolin was increased from 17.36% with 2% of urea addition to 81.30% with 6% of urea addition. Meanwhile, the viscosity concentration of raw kaolin slurry was improved from 65.0% to 70.13% after the intercalation of urea with 6% addition, which was attributed to finer particle size, increased pH value and more negative charges of urea-intercalated kaolin. Therefore, the route is effective to improve the dispersion of highly concentrated kaolin for paper-coating.     

焦作地区高岭土综合利用及对策

本文简述了焦作地区高岭土的分布、储量等，指出了目前开发利用中存在的主要问题，并提出了对策。     

Characterization of Calcined Kaolin/TiO_2 Composite Particle Material Prepared by Mechano-Chemical Method

Calcined kaolin/TiO2 composite particle material (CK/TCPM) was prepared with TiO2 coating on the surfaces of calcined kaolin particles by the mechano-chemical method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to investigate the microstructures and morphologies, respectively. The mechanism of the mechano-chemical reaction between calcined kaolin and TiO2 was studied by infrared spectra (IR). The results show that TiO2 coats evenly on the surfaces of calcined kaolin particles by Si-O-Ti and Al-O-Ti bonds on their interfaces. The hiding power and whiteness of CK/TCPM are 17.12 g/m2 and 95.7%, respectively, presenting its similarity to TiO2 in pigment properties.     

冲击磨选择性超微粉碎硬质高岭土的试验

从研究湖北恩施硬质高岭土的矿石特征入手,应用料层粉碎理论,结合冲击式粉磨机选择性粉碎硬质高岭土的实践来探讨超微粉碎机理并介绍粉碎工艺及效果。     

AN INVESTIGATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE VISCOSITY OF SUZHOU KAOLIN SUSPENSIONS

Factors affecting the viscosity of the concentrated kaolin suspensions of Suzhou kaolins were studied. Experiments were carried out to use different kinds of dispersants to reduce the viscosity of the concentrated kaolin suspensions. The results indicated that good effects on reducing the viscosity of the concentrated kaolin suspensions were achieved by using the dispersants prepared in this laboratory , especially the combination of dispersants D III plus D IV . The viscosity of the concentrated kaolin suspensions was reduced from greater than 10000 MPa ' s to less than 500 MPa s. Analytical tests indicated that in the presence of the dispersants the surface properties were the major factors affecting the viscosity. The action of the dispersants is to change the surface properties rather than the morphology and structure of the minerals in the kaolin ores. The addition of the dispersants increased the hydrophilicity of particle, surfaces and the electrostatic repulsion between particles, resulting in i     

Characterization of calcined kaolin/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> composite particle material prepared by mechano-chemical method

Calcined kaolin/TiO₂ composite particle material (CK/TCPM) was prepared with TiO₂ coating on the surfaces of calcined kaolin particles by the mechano-chemical method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to investigate the microstructures and morphologies, respectively. The mechanism of the mechano-chemical reaction between calcined kaolin and TiO₂ was studied by infrared spectra (IR). The results show that TiO₂ coats evenly on the surfaces of calcined kaolin particles by Si-O-Ti and Al-O-Ti bonds on their interfaces. The hiding power and whiteness of CK/TCPM are 17.12 g/m² and 95.7%, respectively, presenting its similarity to TiO₂ in pigment properties.     

Engineering property test of kaolin clay contaminated by diesel oil

Engineering property of kaolin clay contaminated by diesel oil was studied through a series of laboratory experiments.Oil contents(mass fraction) of 4%,8%,12%,16% and 20% were selected to represent different contamination degrees,and the soil specimens were manually prepared through mixing and static compaction method.Initial water content and dry density of the test kaolin clay were controlled at 10% and 1.58 g/cm~3,respectively.Test results indicate that since part of the diesel oil will be released from soil by evaporation,the real water content should be derived through calibration of the quasi water content obtained by traditional test method.As contamination degree of the kaolin clay increases,both liquid limit and plastic limit decrease,but there's only a slight increase for plasticity index.Swelling pressure of contaminated kaolin clay under confined condition will be lowered when oil-content gets higher.Unconfined compressive strength(UCS) of the oil-contaminated kaolin clay is influenced by not only oil content but also curing period.Increase of contamination degree will continually lower UCS of the kaolin clay specimen.In addition,electrical resistivity of the contaminated kaolin clay with given water content decreases with the increase of oil content.However,soil resistivity is in good relationship with oil content and UCS.Finally,oil content of 8% is found to be a critical value for engineering property of kaolin clay to transit from water-dominated towards oil-dominated characteristics.     

Comprehensive utilization of kaolin ore accompanying muscovite

In light of the problems of low-quality and low degree of comprehensive utilization of Guangdong muscovite-type kaolin, the reasons affecting the quality of kaolin were found to be a small amount of maroon powdery goethite adhering to the surface of kaolin and minor muscovite affecting the firing whiteness of products. The ores were dealt with by using the new combined process of attritioning-classification-bleaching and flotation. The separation of kaolin from muscovite, quartz and feldspar can come true through the new process. The high-quality kaolin with the firing whiteness of 91% can be obtained, and the muscovite is comprehensively recovered by adopting the key technology of flotation. The content of high-purity muscovite produced is over 99%. The muscovite discarded by original process can be comprehensively recovered.     

鄂西含碳硬质高岭土提纯试验研究

本文研究了鄂西含碳硬质高岭土的矿石性质；探索了提纯工艺及影响高岭土质量的主要因素；提出该资源应以开发煅烧高岭土为主，为开发鄂西山区资源指出了方向与途径。     

高岭土制备聚合氯化铝净水剂工艺参数的优化

以高岭土为原料,经活化预处理-酸溶-过滤-浓缩-聚合-pH调整等工序,制备液体聚合氯化铝（PAC）净水剂;通过正交设计对这一新的制备方法进行工艺优化试验.结果表明：用高岭土制备PAC的工艺参数中,对于产品质量的影响程度依次为：酸溶酸料比〉预处理物料比〉焙烧温度〉酸溶温度〉酸溶时间〉焙烧时间;用高岭土制备PAC的理想工艺参数为：预处理物料比为2.6g/m l（土/处理液）,焙烧温度为700℃,焙烧时间为1.5h,酸溶时间为2h,酸溶酸料比为4.0m l/g（酸/土）,酸溶温度为85℃.     

添加剂对秸秆燃烧过程中碱金属行为的影响

在小型燃烧装置上对秸秆及秸秆与添加剂混合物进行了燃烧试验，并对燃烧过程中凝结在金属管道表面的沉积物和分离器灰进行了分析.添加剂包括:高岭土(AI₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄)、燃煤飞灰、硅藻土(SiO₂)、氢氧化铝(Al(OH)₃)和碳酸钙(CaCO₃).试验结果表明，高岭土、 燃煤飞灰和硅藻土，可以减少沉积物中水溶性钾和氯的质量分数.对纯秸秆和以高岭土为添加剂的沉积物和灰进行了SEM EDX分析， SEM图片显示沉积物中主要是由被黏接物黏在一起的圆形球状颗粒组成.EDX测试结果表明，燃烧纯秸秆的球形颗粒主要由钾、硅和钙组成，而以高岭土为添加剂的秸秆燃烧沉积物中的球形颗粒主要由钾、硅和铝组成，两个样品中的黏接物主要是由氯化钾(KCI)组成，由此证明了合适的添加剂可以和气态的KCI反应并减少其在沉积物中的质量分数，进而减轻了秸秆燃烧过程中由碱金属引起的沉积所造成的腐蚀.     

淮北烈山煤矿高岭岩成分性质的研究

烈山煤矿的高岭岩为煤炭的伴生矿产。该高岭岩层位稳定、储量大、质量好,其岩层最大厚度为3.63m,最小为0.66m,平均为2.60m。该高岭岩层位于山西组分界砂岩之上,其化学成分特征近似于高岭石之理论值,为国内外罕见的硬质高岭岩。在陶瓷、冶金、椽胶、塑料等方面的开发应用前景十分广阔。     

Research on Kaolinite in Coal Measures of West Beijing by Mossbauer Spectroscopy

The spatial occurrence of iron in kaolinite of coal measures west of Beijing was studied by using the Mossbauer spectroscopy technique and a step-by-step method of fitting. The results show that there are three kinds of spatial occurrence in kaolinites： tetra-coordination Fe（3＋） in Si-O tetrahedrons, sexa-coordination Fe（3＋） in A1--O octahedrons and sexa-coordination Fe（2＋） in A1-O octahedrons, respectively occupying 51.72 %, 37.25 % and 11.03 %, Neither foreign matter of magnetic Fe mineral nor superparamagnetic goethite exists in kaolin concentrates. Fe in kaolin concentrates cannot be removed by conventional methods, which is significant for both theoretical research on kaolinite minerology and practical use of the kaolinites of coal measures west of Beijing.The research also illustrates that the Mossbauer spectroscopy is an effective method in studying the micro-superfine Fe in kaolin.